汉字助记码，你会了吗？

在编程中，我们经常会遇到汉字助记码的问题，笔者曾经为此多次发愁，现总结前辈的好东西，记录于此，希望能帮助到您，方法有多种,在此比较几种方案，简单剖析一下。

首先说明，什么是汉字助记码？所谓的汉字助记码就是一个汉字的拼音的首字母，如：张的汉字助记码为Z，湖北中医药大学的助记码为HBZYYDX。下面通过程序用三种方法实现：

方法一:表获取方法;

表内容大致说明：

实现核心代码——SQL标量值函数：

 1 ------------------------------------------------
 2 --作者：zhangbc
 3 --时间：2014-05-05
 4 --功能：获取汉字拼音首字母
 5 ------------------------------------------------
 6 ALTER function [dbo].[fun_getMnemonic](@str nvarchar(4000)) 
 7 returns nvarchar(4000) 
 8 as 
 9 begin
10 declare @zjm varchar(100),@tmp_char varchar(2),@tmp_zjm varchar(2),  @i int,@length int
11      set @zjm =‘‘
12      set @length = len(@str)
13      set @i = 1
14      while @i<=@length 
15      begin
16          set @tmp_char = substring(@str,@i,1)
17          select @tmp_zjm =zjm from hz_zjm where hanzi=@tmp_char
18          if @@rowcount=1 
19          set @zjm = @zjm +Rtrim(@tmp_zjm)
20          set @i = @i + 1 
21      end   
22     return (@zjm)
23 end

View Code

方法二:存储过程获取;

实现核心代码——SQL存储过程：

 1 -- =============================================
 2 -- Author:    zhangbc
 3 -- Create date: 2014-05-03
 4 -- Description:    获取汉字拼音首字母
 5 -- =============================================
 6 ALTER PROCEDURE [dbo].[getMnemonic] 
 7       @str varchar(4000)
 8 AS
 9 --     return char(4000)
10 BEGIN
11     declare @word nchar(1),@PY nvarchar(4000) 
12     set @PY=‘‘ 
13     while len(@str)>0 
14     begin 
15     set @word=left(@str,1) 
16     --如果非汉字字符，返回原字符 
17     set @PY=@PY+(case when unicode(@word) between 19968 and 19968+20901 
18     then (select top 1 PY from ( 
19     select ‘A‘ as PY,N‘驁‘ as word 
20     union all select ‘B‘,N‘簿‘ 
21     union all select ‘C‘,N‘錯‘ 
22     union all select ‘D‘,N‘鵽‘ 
23     union all select ‘E‘,N‘樲‘ 
24     union all select ‘F‘,N‘鰒‘ 
25     union all select ‘G‘,N‘腂‘ 
26     union all select ‘H‘,N‘夻‘ 
27     union all select ‘J‘,N‘攈‘ 
28     union all select ‘K‘,N‘穒‘ 
29     union all select ‘L‘,N‘鱳‘ 
30     union all select ‘M‘,N‘旀‘ 
31     union all select ‘N‘,N‘桛‘ 
32     union all select ‘O‘,N‘漚‘ 
33     union all select ‘P‘,N‘曝‘ 
34     union all select ‘Q‘,N‘囕‘ 
35     union all select ‘R‘,N‘鶸‘ 
36     union all select ‘S‘,N‘蜶‘ 
37     union all select ‘T‘,N‘籜‘ 
38     union all select ‘W‘,N‘鶩‘ 
39     union all select ‘X‘,N‘鑂‘ 
40     union all select ‘Y‘,N‘韻‘ 
41     union all select ‘Z‘,N‘咗‘ 
42     ) T 
43     where word>=@word collate Chinese_PRC_CS_AS_KS_WS 
44     order by PY ASC) else @word end) 
45     set @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1) 
46     end 
47     select @PY 
48 END

View Code

方法三:标量值获取（算法和方法二一样，实现方式不同）：

代码如下：

 1 ------------------------------------------------
 2 --作者：zhangbc
 3 --时间：2014-03-19
 4 --功能：获取汉字拼音首字母
 5 ------------------------------------------------
 6 ALTER function [dbo].[fun_getZjm](@str nvarchar(4000)) 
 7 returns nvarchar(4000) 
 8 as 
 9 begin 
10 declare @word nchar(1),@PY nvarchar(4000) 
11 set @PY=‘‘ 
12 while len(@str)>0 
13 begin 
14 set @word=left(@str,1) 
15 --如果非汉字字符，返回原字符 
16 set @PY=@PY+(case when unicode(@word) between 19968 and 19968+20901 
17 then (select top 1 PY from ( 
18 select ‘A‘ as PY,N‘驁‘ as word 
19 union all select ‘B‘,N‘簿‘ 
20 union all select ‘C‘,N‘錯‘ 
21 union all select ‘D‘,N‘鵽‘ 
22 union all select ‘E‘,N‘樲‘ 
23 union all select ‘F‘,N‘鰒‘ 
24 union all select ‘G‘,N‘腂‘ 
25 union all select ‘H‘,N‘夻‘ 
26 union all select ‘J‘,N‘攈‘ 
27 union all select ‘K‘,N‘穒‘ 
28 union all select ‘L‘,N‘鱳‘ 
29 union all select ‘M‘,N‘旀‘ 
30 union all select ‘N‘,N‘桛‘ 
31 union all select ‘O‘,N‘漚‘ 
32 union all select ‘P‘,N‘曝‘ 
33 union all select ‘Q‘,N‘囕‘ 
34 union all select ‘R‘,N‘鶸‘ 
35 union all select ‘S‘,N‘蜶‘ 
36 union all select ‘T‘,N‘籜‘ 
37 union all select ‘W‘,N‘鶩‘ 
38 union all select ‘X‘,N‘鑂‘ 
39 union all select ‘Y‘,N‘韻‘ 
40 union all select ‘Z‘,N‘咗‘ 
41 ) T 
42 where word>=@word collate Chinese_PRC_CS_AS_KS_WS 
43 order by PY ASC) else @word end) 
44 set @str=right(@str,len(@str)-1) 
45 end 
46 return @PY 
47 end

View Code

方法四:字符编码法;

核心代码如下：

 1  public class getMnemonic
 2     {
 3         public getMnemonic()
 4         {
 5 
 6         }
 7         /// <summary>
 8         /// 字符编码的获取
 9         /// </summary>
10         /// <param name="cnChar">字符</param>
11         /// <returns>字符编码</returns>
12         private static string getSpell(string cnChar)
13         {
14             byte[] arrCN = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(cnChar);
15             if (arrCN.Length > 1)
16             {
17                 int area = (short)arrCN[0];
18                 int pos = (short)arrCN[1];
19                 int code = (area << 8) + pos;
20                 int[] areacode = { 45217, 45253, 45761, 46318, 46826, 47010, 47297, 47614, 
21                                      48119, 48119, 49062, 49324, 49896,50371, 50614, 50622,
22                                      50906, 51387, 51446, 52218, 52698, 52698, 52698, 52980, 53689, 54481 };
23                 for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
24                 {
25                     int max = 55290;
26                     if (i != 25)
27                         max = areacode[i + 1];
28                     if (areacode[i] <= code && code < max)
29                         return Encoding.Default.GetString(new byte[] { (byte)(65 + i)});
30                 }
31                 return "*";
32             }
33             else return cnChar;
34         }
35         /// <summary>
36         /// 字符编码获取助记码
37         /// </summary>
38         /// <param name="str">汉字</param>
39         /// <returns>助记码</returns>
40         public string getChsSpell(string str)
41         {
42             string myStr = "";
43             for (int i = 0; i < str.Length; i++)
44             {
45                 myStr += getSpell(str.Substring(i, 1));
46             }
47             return myStr;
48         }
49     }