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python 安装matplotlib
Ubuntu安装Matplotlib
ubuntu下安装matplotlib的复杂度远远比windows下复杂的多,相对双击就能解决问题的,现在你需要时不时的解决编译带来的各种问题。
1 | sudo apt-get install python-dev |
先安装numpy:
1 2 | python setup.py build sudo python setup.py install --prefix=/usr/local |
之后开始安装matplotlib,这下编译matplotlib就没有之前那样一帆风顺了。
1. gcc: error trying to exec ‘cc1plus’: execvp: No such file or directory
解决方法:sudo apt-get install build-essential
2. src/ft2font.h:13:22: fatal error: ft2build.h: No such file or directory
解决方法:sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev
3. src/backend_agg.cpp:3:17: fatal error: png.h: No such file or directory
解决方法:sudo apt-get install libpng-dev
解决以上问题之后,发现可以正确编译matplotlib了:
1 2 | python setup.py build sudo python setup.py install |
检测下之前安装的情况:
>>> import numpy
>>> print numpy.version.version
1.6.1
>>> import matplotlib
>>> print matplotlib.__version__
0.99.3
到此,基本搞定。接下里,运行个Sample试试看。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 | from pylab import * t = arange( 0.0 , 2.0 , 0.01 ) s = sin( 2 * pi * t) plot(t, s, linewidth = 1.0 ) xlabel( ‘time (s)‘ ) ylabel( ‘voltage (mV)‘ ) title( ‘About as simple as it gets, folks‘ ) grid( True ) show() |
终端执行:python hello.py 没有报错,也没有弹出图框。怎么回事? 我尝试把代码中每一条都手动在终端python模式下输入,结果输入show()的时候,错误提示:
Your currently selected backend, ‘agg’ does not support show().
Please select a GUI backend in your matplotlibrc file (‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc’)
or with matplotlib.use()
(backend, matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()))
当然你如果只想要看结果,那么可以直接把它保存成图片,用savefig
(‘figure.png’)来替代前面的show()函数。但是如果要交互式的话,还需解决前面的问题。
这个问题,我找了很久,发现”this happened because your matplotlib backend is set to FltkAgg, GTK, GTKAgg, GTKCairo, TkAgg , Wx or WxAgg they required a GUI that why error occur.” To solve this you must specific other backend that not required GUI (Agg, Cairo, PS, PDF or SVG ) when use matplotlib like this in code:
import matplotlib matplotlib.use(‘Agg‘)
期间,我按装过Cairo,可是还是出现错误,后来发现一个比较简单的方法,用wxpython:
sudo aptitude install python-wxtools
然后在代码中使用的是matplotlib.use(‘WXAgg’)
你也可以修改/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data目录下的matplotlibrc这个文件内容中的:
# ‘module://my_backend’
backend : WXAgg
这样就可以了。测试:
from pylab import * t = arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01) s = sin(2*pi*t) plot(t, s, linewidth=1.0) xlabel(‘time (s)‘) ylabel(‘voltage (mV)‘) title(‘About as simple as it gets, folks‘) grid(True) show()