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python 安装matplotlib

Ubuntu安装Matplotlib

ubuntu下安装matplotlib的复杂度远远比windows下复杂的多,相对双击就能解决问题的,现在你需要时不时的解决编译带来的各种问题。

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sudo apt-get install python-dev

 

先安装numpy:

 
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python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install --prefix=/usr/local

之后开始安装matplotlib,这下编译matplotlib就没有之前那样一帆风顺了。

1. gcc: error trying to exec ‘cc1plus’: execvp: No such file or directory
解决方法:sudo apt-get install build-essential

2. src/ft2font.h:13:22: fatal error: ft2build.h: No such file or directory
解决方法:sudo apt-get install  libfreetype6-dev

3. src/backend_agg.cpp:3:17: fatal error: png.h: No such file or directory
解决方法:sudo apt-get install libpng-dev

解决以上问题之后,发现可以正确编译matplotlib了:

 
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python setup.py build
sudo python setup.py install

检测下之前安装的情况:

>>> import numpy
>>> print numpy.version.version
1.6.1
>>> import matplotlib
>>> print matplotlib.__version__
0.99.3
到此,基本搞定。接下里,运行个Sample试试看。

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from pylab import *
 
t = arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)
s = sin(2*pi*t)
plot(t, s, linewidth=1.0)
 
xlabel(‘time (s)‘)
ylabel(‘voltage (mV)‘)
title(‘About as simple as it gets, folks‘)
grid(True)
show()

终端执行:python hello.py 没有报错,也没有弹出图框。怎么回事? 我尝试把代码中每一条都手动在终端python模式下输入,结果输入show()的时候,错误提示:
Your currently selected backend, ‘agg’ does not support show().
Please select a GUI backend in your matplotlibrc file (‘/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data/matplotlibrc’)
or with matplotlib.use()
(backend, matplotlib.matplotlib_fname()))

当然你如果只想要看结果,那么可以直接把它保存成图片,用savefig(‘figure.png’)来替代前面的show()函数。但是如果要交互式的话,还需解决前面的问题。

这个问题,我找了很久,发现”this happened because your matplotlib backend is set to FltkAgg, GTK, GTKAgg, GTKCairo, TkAgg , Wx or WxAgg they required a GUI that why error occur.” To solve this you must specific other backend that not required GUI (Agg, Cairo, PS, PDF or SVG ) when use matplotlib like this  in code:

import matplotlib
matplotlib.use(Agg)

 

期间,我按装过Cairo,可是还是出现错误,后来发现一个比较简单的方法,用wxpython:
sudo aptitude install python-wxtools
然后在代码中使用的是matplotlib.use(‘WXAgg’)

你也可以修改/usr/local/lib/python2.7/dist-packages/matplotlib/mpl-data目录下的matplotlibrc这个文件内容中的:

# ‘module://my_backend’
backend      : WXAgg

这样就可以了。测试:

from pylab import *
 
t = arange(0.0, 2.0, 0.01)
s = sin(2*pi*t)
plot(t, s, linewidth=1.0)
 
xlabel(time (s))
ylabel(voltage (mV))
title(About as simple as it gets, folks)
grid(True)
show()

 

matplotlib