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C# 程序自动批量生成 google maps 的KML文件

原文:C# 程序自动批量生成 google maps 的KML文件

google maps 的 KML 文件可以用于静态的地图标注,在某些应用中,我们手上往往有成百上千个地址,我们需要把这些地址和描述批量标注到 google maps 上去,如果手工来做,太耗时间,在这里我写了一个程序批量来生成这个 KML 文件。

首先看一下 KML 文件的格式:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kml xmlns="http://www.google.com/earth/kml/2"><Document>    <name>kml_sample2.kml</name>    <Style id="red">      <IconStyle>        <Icon>          <href>http://www.google.com/intl/en_us/mapfiles/ms/icons/red-dot.png</href>        </Icon>      </IconStyle>    </Style>    <Style id="green">      <IconStyle>        <Icon>          <href>http://www.google.com/intl/en_us/mapfiles/ms/icons/green-dot.png</href>        </Icon>      </IconStyle>    </Style>    <Style id="blue">      <IconStyle>        <Icon>          <href>http://www.google.com/intl/en_us/mapfiles/ms/icons/blue-dot.png</href>        </Icon>      </IconStyle>    </Style>  <Placemark>    <name>Google Inc.</name>    <description><![CDATA[      Google Inc.<br />      1600 Amphitheatre Parkway<br />      Mountain View, CA 94043<br />      Phone: +1 650-253-0000<br />      Fax: +1 650-253-0001<br />      <p>Home page: <a href="http://www.google.com">www.google.com</a></p>    ]]>    </description>    <styleUrl>#red</styleUrl>     <Point>      <coordinates>-122.0841430, 37.4219720, 0</coordinates>    </Point>  </Placemark>  <Placemark>    <name>Yahoo! Inc.</name>    <description><![CDATA[      Yahoo! Inc.<br />      701 First Avenue<br />      Sunnyvale, CA 94089<br />      Tel: (408) 349-3300<br />      Fax: (408) 349-3301<br />      <p>Home page: <a href="http://yahoo.com">http://yahoo.com</a></p>      ]]>    </description>    <styleUrl>#green</styleUrl>     <Point>      <coordinates>-122.0250403,37.4163228</coordinates>    </Point>  </Placemark></Document></kml>

<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }</style>

这个是一个典型的用于google maps 的 KML 文件,(注意不同应用的KML 格式会有所不同,比如 google earth 的 kml 格式就复杂得多)

从这个kml 文件格式来看,其实它就是一个 xml 文件,我们只要自动生成这个文件中各个元素的信息就可以得到这个xml  文件。这里其实最大的问题是如何自动通过地址获取经纬度坐标。值得庆幸的是 google 提供了这方面的 api 函数。google api 获取地理坐标的官方例子见:geocodingapi

我的实现稍微复杂一些,因为我需要在函数中为不同的位置自动分配颜色

 

   1:          /// <summary>
   2:          /// Generate placemark by address description
   3:          /// </summary>
   4:          /// <param name="addrDescription">address and description</param>
   5:          /// <returns>if no matched, return false</returns>
   6:          public bool Generate(AddressDescription addrDescription)
   7:          {
   8:              _LastErrorOrWarning = null;
   9:   
  10:              Thread.Sleep(DelayInMs);
  11:   
  12:              List<GeographicCoordinate> coordinates = Geocoding.Geocode(addrDescription.Address);
  13:   
  14:              if (coordinates.Count == 0)
  15:              {
  16:                  _LastErrorOrWarning = string.Format("Address:{0}, Description:{1} does not find the coordinates, please make sure the address is correctly.",
  17:                      addrDescription.Address, addrDescription.Description);
  18:   
  19:                  return false;
  20:              }
  21:   
  22:              if (coordinates.Count > 1)
  23:              {
  24:                  _LastErrorOrWarning = string.Format("Address:{0}, Description:{1} has more than one coordinates.",
  25:                      addrDescription.Address, addrDescription.Description);
  26:              }
  27:   
  28:              string colorId = Colors[_ColorIndex];
  29:   
  30:              _ColorIndex++;
  31:   
  32:              if (_ColorIndex >= Colors.Count)
  33:              {
  34:                  _ColorIndex = 0;
  35:              }
  36:   
  37:              _Kml.Document.Add(new Placemark(addrDescription.Address, addrDescription.Description, colorId,
  38:                  coordinates[0].Latitude, coordinates[0].Longitude));
  39:   
  40:              return true;
  41:          }

<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }</style>

 

第32行有个bug,应该是 >=  ,我原来写成 > 了,博客中我改过来了,源码我就不改了。

如上代码,第12行就是通过GeocodingApi 获取指定地址的物理坐标,由于有时候获取不到坐标,有时候由于地址不确切,有多个坐标,所以我加了一个错误和警告的属性,用于调用者得到相关的信息。

_Kml 这个对象是一个 Kml 类的实例,这个类用于生成 KML 文件结构,并可以保存到KML文件中。这个类在后面介绍。

下面的 _Color 部分是自动的顺序分配标注点的颜色,我为了省事,在代码中写死了4种颜色,你也可以修改代码增加颜色或其他图标。

标注颜色这里其实还有一个问题,就是如果让相邻的节点显示不同颜色,这个算法比较复杂了,我没有实现,各位如果有兴趣可以思考一下这个怎么做。

好了,最大的问题解决了,剩下就是写 xml  文件了,这个很简单,我就不深入讲了,直接把代码贴出来。

using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Linq;using System.Text;using System.Xml;using System.Xml.Serialization;using System.IO;namespace GenerateKML{    public class Placemark    {        public class KMLPoint        {            public KMLPoint()            {            }            public KMLPoint(double latitude, double longitude)            {                SetCoordinates(latitude, longitude);            }            private string _coordinates;            public void SetCoordinates(double latitude, double longitude)            {                _coordinates = longitude.ToString() + "," + latitude.ToString();            }            public string coordinates            {                get                {                    return _coordinates;                }                set                {                    _coordinates = value;                }            }        }        [XmlElement("name")]        public string Name { get; set; }        [XmlElement("description")]        public string Description { get; set; }        [XmlElement("styleUrl")]        public string StyleUrl { get; set; }        public KMLPoint Point { get; set; }        public Placemark()        {        }        public Placemark(string name, string description, string styleUrl,            double latitude, double longitude)        {            Name = name;            Description = description;            StyleUrl = styleUrl;            Point = new KMLPoint(latitude, longitude);        }    }    public class kml    {        [XmlIgnore]        string Name { get; set; }        List<Placemark> _Placemarks = new List<Placemark>();        [XmlArray()]        public List<Placemark> Document        {            get            {                return _Placemarks;            }            set            {                _Placemarks = value;            }        }        public kml()        {        }        public kml(string name)        {            Name = name;        }        private XmlNode GetColorStyle(XmlDocument xmlDoc,  string color)        {            XmlNode style = xmlDoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Style", "");            XmlAttribute attr = style.OwnerDocument.CreateAttribute("id");            attr.Value = http://www.mamicode.com/color;"str">"IconStyle", "");            XmlNode icon = xmlDoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "Icon", "");            XmlNode href = http://www.mamicode.com/xmlDoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "href", "");            href.InnerText = string.Format("http://www.google.com/intl/en_us/mapfiles/ms/icons/{0}-dot.png",                color);                                    style.AppendChild(iconStyle);            iconStyle.AppendChild(icon);            icon.AppendChild(href);            return style;        }        public void SaveToFile(string xml)        {            using (FileStream fs = new FileStream(xml, FileMode.Create, FileAccess.ReadWrite))            {                using (StreamWriter sw = new StreamWriter(fs, System.Text.Encoding.UTF8))                {                    XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(this.GetType());                    serializer.Serialize(sw, this);                }            }            XmlDocument xmlDoc = new XmlDocument();            xmlDoc.Load(xml);            xmlDoc.CreateXmlDeclaration("1.0", "utf-8", null);            XmlNode documentNode = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode(@"/kml/Document");            XmlNode nameNode = xmlDoc.CreateNode(XmlNodeType.Element, "name", "");            nameNode.InnerText = this.Name;            XmlNode placeMarkNode = documentNode.FirstChild;            documentNode.InsertBefore(nameNode, placeMarkNode);            documentNode.InsertBefore(GetColorStyle(xmlDoc, "red"), placeMarkNode);            documentNode.InsertBefore(GetColorStyle(xmlDoc, "green"), placeMarkNode);            documentNode.InsertBefore(GetColorStyle(xmlDoc, "blue"), placeMarkNode);            documentNode.InsertBefore(GetColorStyle(xmlDoc, "yellow"), placeMarkNode);            XmlNode kmlNode = xmlDoc.SelectSingleNode(@"/kml");            XmlAttribute attr = kmlNode.OwnerDocument.CreateAttribute("xmlns");            attr.Value = http://www.mamicode.com/"http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0";            kmlNode.Attributes.Append(attr);            xmlDoc.Save(xml);        }    }}

<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }</style>

下面看一下调用的方法,使用者如果不想仔细研究细节,那就关注这个就可以了,调用方法非常简单

   1:          static void Main(string[] args)
   2:          {
   3:              Generator kmlGenerator = new Generator("Test");
   4:   
   5:              kmlGenerator.Generate(new AddressDescription("1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, CA 94043",
   6:                  "Google"));
   7:   
   8:              if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning))
   9:              {
  10:                  Console.WriteLine(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning);
  11:              }
  12:   
  13:              kmlGenerator.Generate(new AddressDescription("1 Microsoft Way, Redmond, WA 98052",
  14:                  "Microsoft"));
  15:   
  16:              if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning))
  17:              {
  18:                  Console.WriteLine(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning);
  19:              }
  20:   
  21:              kmlGenerator.Generate(new AddressDescription("1601 S. California Ave., Palo Alto, CA 95304",
  22:                  "Facebook"));
  23:   
  24:              if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning))
  25:              {
  26:                  Console.WriteLine(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning);
  27:              }
  28:   
  29:              kmlGenerator.Generate(new AddressDescription("701 First Ave, Sunnyvale, CA 94089",
  30:                  "Yahoo"));
  31:   
  32:              if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning))
  33:              {
  34:                  Console.WriteLine(kmlGenerator.LastErrorOrWarning);
  35:              }
  36:   
  37:              kmlGenerator.Save("test.kml");
  38:          }
  39:      }
 
第三行,实例化 KML 生成器,并指定一个名字,这个名字对于 kml 文档中的 name 字段。
第五行,在kml 文件中标注 google 总部的地址
第八行,判断是否有最新的错误,每次执行第五行的Generate 方法,会将最新错误清空,所以这里永远是得到最近一次调用 Generate 方法的错误或警告。
后面以此类推了。
最后 Save 到一个kml文件中就OK了。
 
最后,我们可以把这个 kml 文件导入到我们自己创建的 google map 中。这个在 google maps 里面有相应的导入功能,这里就不介绍了。
 
完整源码下载
 
完整源码
 
注意源码中 app.config 文件中
 
    <add key="GeocodingApi.Key" value="google api key" />    <add key="GeocodingApi.Url" value="http://maps.google.com/maps/geo?" />

GeocodingApi.key 这里要填写你自己的 google api key,你可以在 google  网站上获取,地址如下:

http://code.google.com/apis/maps/signup.html

<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }</style>

 

 
<style type="text/css">.csharpcode, .csharpcode pre{ font-size: small; color: black; font-family: consolas, "Courier New", courier, monospace; background-color: #ffffff; /*white-space: pre;*/}.csharpcode pre { margin: 0em; }.csharpcode .rem { color: #008000; }.csharpcode .kwrd { color: #0000ff; }.csharpcode .str { color: #006080; }.csharpcode .op { color: #0000c0; }.csharpcode .preproc { color: #cc6633; }.csharpcode .asp { background-color: #ffff00; }.csharpcode .html { color: #800000; }.csharpcode .attr { color: #ff0000; }.csharpcode .alt { background-color: #f4f4f4; width: 100%; margin: 0em;}.csharpcode .lnum { color: #606060; }</style>