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自定义控件(转)

转自:http://www.jb51.net/article/32172.htm

自定义控件在android中无处不见,自定义控件给了我们很大的方便。比如说,一个视图为imageview ,imagebutton ,textview 等诸多控件的组合,用的地方有很多,我们不可能每次都来写3个的组合,既浪费时间,效率又低。在这种情况下,我们就可以自定义一个view来替换他们,不仅提升了效率并且在xml中运用也是相当的美观。 
一、控件自定义属性介绍 
以下示例中代码均在values/attrs.xml 中定义,属性均可随意命名。 
1. reference:参考某一资源ID。 
示例: 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "background" format = "reference" /> <attr name = "src" format = "reference" /> </declare-styleable> 

2. color:颜色值。 
示例: 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "textColor" format = "color" /> </declare-styleable> 

3. boolean:布尔值。 
示例: 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "focusable" format = "boolean" /> </declare-styleable> 

4. dimension:尺寸值。 
示例: 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "layout_width" format = "dimension" /> </declare-styleable> 

5. float:浮点值。 
示例: 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "fromAlpha" format = "float" /> <attr name = "toAlpha" format = "float" /> </declare-styleable> 

6. integer:整型值。 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "frameDuration" format="integer" /> <attr name = "framesCount" format="integer" /> </declare-styleable> 

7. string:字符串。 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "text" format = "string" /> </declare-styleable> 

8. fraction:百分数。 

<declare-styleable name="名称"> <attr name = "pivotX" format = "fraction" /> <attr name = "pivotY" format = "fraction" /> </declare-styleable> 

9. enum:枚举值。 

<declare-styleable name="名称"> <attr name="orientation"> <enum name="horizontal" value="0" /> <enum name="vertical" value="1" /> </attr> </declare-styleable> 

10. flag:位或运算。 

<declare-styleable name="名称"> <attr name="windowSoftInputMode"> <flag name = "stateUnspecified" value = "0" /> <flag name = "stateUnchanged" value = "1" /> <flag name = "stateHidden" value = "2" /> <flag name = "stateAlwaysHidden" value = "3" /> </attr> </declare-styleable> 

11.多类型。 

<declare-styleable name = "名称"> <attr name = "background" format = "reference|color" /> </declare-styleable> 

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二、属性的使用以及自定义控件的实现 
1、构思控件的组成元素,思考所需自定义的属性。 
比如:我要做一个 <带阴影的按钮,按钮正下方有文字说明>(类似9宫格按钮) 
新建values/attrs.xml 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><resources>    <declare-styleable name="custom_view">        <attr name="custom_id" format="integer" />        <attr name="src" format="reference" />        <attr name="background" format="reference" />        <attr name="text" format="string" />        <attr name="textColor" format="color" />        <attr name="textSize" format="dimension" />    </declare-styleable></resources>

 

以上,所定义为custom_view,custom_id为按钮id,src为按钮,background为阴影背景,text为按钮说明,textColor为字体颜色,textSize为字体大小。 
2、怎么自定义控件呢,怎么使用这些属性呢?话不多说请看代码,CustomView : 

public class CustomView extends FrameLayout implements OnClickListener {    private CustomListener customListener = null;    private Drawable mSrc = http://www.mamicode.com/null, mBackground = null;    private String mText = "";    private int mTextColor = 0;    private float mTextSize = 20;    private int mCustomId = 0;    private ImageView mBackgroundView = null;    private ImageButton mButtonView = null;    private TextView mTextView = null;    private LayoutParams mParams = null;    public CustomView(Context context) {        super(context);    }    public CustomView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {        super(context, attrs);        TypedArray a = context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs,                R.styleable.custom_view);        mSrc = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_src);        mBackground = a.getDrawable(R.styleable.custom_view_background);        mText = a.getString(R.styleable.custom_view_text);        mTextColor = a.getColor(R.styleable.custom_view_textColor, Color.WHITE);        mTextSize = a.getDimension(R.styleable.custom_view_textSize, 20);        mCustomId = a.getInt(R.styleable.custom_view_custom_id, 0);        mTextView = new TextView(context);        mTextView.setTextSize(mTextSize);        mTextView.setTextColor(mTextColor);        mTextView.setText(mText);        mTextView.setGravity(Gravity.CENTER);        mTextView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,                LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));        mButtonView = new ImageButton(context);        mButtonView.setImageDrawable(mSrc);        mButtonView.setBackgroundDrawable(null);        mButtonView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT,                LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));        mButtonView.setOnClickListener(this);        mBackgroundView = new ImageView(context);        mBackgroundView.setImageDrawable(mBackground);        mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(new LayoutParams(                LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT, LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT));        addView(mBackgroundView);        addView(mButtonView);        addView(mTextView);        this.setOnClickListener(this);        a.recycle();    }    @Override    protected void onAttachedToWindow() {        super.onAttachedToWindow();        mParams = (LayoutParams) mButtonView.getLayoutParams();        if (mParams != null) {            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;            mButtonView.setLayoutParams(mParams);        }        mParams = (LayoutParams) mBackgroundView.getLayoutParams();        if (mParams != null) {            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.TOP;            mBackgroundView.setLayoutParams(mParams);        }        mParams = (LayoutParams) mTextView.getLayoutParams();        if (mParams != null) {            mParams.gravity = Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL | Gravity.BOTTOM;            mTextView.setLayoutParams(mParams);        }    }    public void setCustomListener(CustomListener l) {        customListener = l;    }    @Override    public void onClick(View v) {        if (customListener != null) {            customListener.onCuscomClick(v, mCustomId);        }    }    public interface CustomListener {        void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id);    }}

 

代码很简单,就不多说,下面来看看我们的CustomView是怎么用的,请看: 
3、自定义控件的使用 
话不多说,请看代码,main.xml: 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"    xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom"    android:layout_width="fill_parent"    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >    <LinearLayout        android:layout_width="wrap_content"        android:layout_height="wrap_content"        android:layout_centerHorizontal="true"        android:layout_centerVertical="true"        android:orientation="horizontal" >        <com.nanlus.custom.CustomView            android:id="@+id/custom1"            android:layout_width="wrap_content"            android:layout_height="wrap_content"            android:layout_weight="1"            nanlus:background="@drawable/background"            nanlus:custom_id="1"            nanlus:src="@drawable/style_button"            nanlus:text="按钮1" >        </com.nanlus.custom.CustomView>    </LinearLayout></RelativeLayout>

 

在这里需要解释一下, 
xmlns:nanlus="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/com.nanlus.custom" 
nanlus为在xml中的前缀,com.nanlus.custom为包名 
4、在Activity中,直接上代码 

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements CustomListener {    @Override    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);        ((CustomView) this.findViewById(R.id.custom1)).setCustomListener(this);    }    @Override    public void onCuscomClick(View v, int custom_id) {        switch (custom_id) {        case 1:            Toast.makeText(this, "hello !!!", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();            break;        default:            break;        }    }}