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redis源码解析之事件驱动
Redis 内部有个小型的事件驱动,它主要处理两项任务:
- 文件事件:使用I/O多路复用技术处理多个客户端请求,并返回执行结果。
- 时间事件:维护服务器的资源管理,状态检查。
主要的数据结构包括文件事件结构体,时间事件结构体,触发事件结构体,事件循环结构体
/* File event structure */typedef struct aeFileEvent { int mask; /* one of AE_(READABLE|WRITABLE) */ aeFileProc *rfileProc; aeFileProc *wfileProc; void *clientData;} aeFileEvent;/* Time event structure */typedef struct aeTimeEvent { long long id; /* time event identifier. */ long when_sec; /* seconds */ long when_ms; /* milliseconds */ aeTimeProc *timeProc; aeEventFinalizerProc *finalizerProc; void *clientData; struct aeTimeEvent *next;} aeTimeEvent;/* A fired event */typedef struct aeFiredEvent { int fd; int mask;} aeFiredEvent;/* State of an event based program */typedef struct aeEventLoop { int maxfd; /* highest file descriptor currently registered */ int setsize; /* max number of file descriptors tracked */ long long timeEventNextId; time_t lastTime; /* Used to detect system clock skew */ aeFileEvent *events; /* Registered events */ aeFiredEvent *fired; /* Fired events */ aeTimeEvent *timeEventHead; int stop; void *apidata; /* This is used for polling API specific data */ aeBeforeSleepProc *beforesleep;} aeEventLoop;
首先通过aeCreateEventLoop()函数创建时间循环结构体
aeEventLoop *aeCreateEventLoop(int setsize) { aeEventLoop *eventLoop; int i; if ((eventLoop = zmalloc(sizeof(*eventLoop))) == NULL) goto err; eventLoop->events = zmalloc(sizeof(aeFileEvent)*setsize); eventLoop->fired = zmalloc(sizeof(aeFiredEvent)*setsize); if (eventLoop->events == NULL || eventLoop->fired == NULL) goto err; eventLoop->setsize = setsize; eventLoop->lastTime = time(NULL); eventLoop->timeEventHead = NULL; eventLoop->timeEventNextId = 0; eventLoop->stop = 0; eventLoop->maxfd = -1; eventLoop->beforesleep = NULL; if (aeApiCreate(eventLoop) == -1) goto err; /* Events with mask == AE_NONE are not set. So let‘s initialize the * vector with it. */ for (i = 0; i < setsize; i++) eventLoop->events[i].mask = AE_NONE; return eventLoop;err: if (eventLoop) { zfree(eventLoop->events); zfree(eventLoop->fired); zfree(eventLoop); } return NULL;}
其中aeApiCreate()是核心处理函数,redis 根据不同系统构建了不同的多路复用实现:例如linux的epoll,OS X的kqueue,windows的select。
initServer() 为监听套接字注册了读事件acceptTcpHandler()或者 acceptUnixHandler()。起作用是当有客户端连接进来的时候调用它,并注册读时间,回调函数为从客户端读取命令的函数readQueryFromClient()。
创建了aeEventLoop后就进入时间循环aeProcessEvents()中,调用aeApiPoll()来监听事件发生。
获取阻塞时间后,就开始文件事件的触发获取。得到所有触发事件,然后遍历文件事件触发数组(eventLoop->fired),得到fd,然后获取对应的文件事件,这里的fired已经看出,它只是个索引。调用对应的回调函数,结束文件事件的处理。
int aeProcessEvents(aeEventLoop *eventLoop, int flags){ int processed = 0, numevents; /* Nothing to do? return ASAP */ if (!(flags & AE_TIME_EVENTS) && !(flags & AE_FILE_EVENTS)) return 0; /* Note that we want call select() even if there are no * file events to process as long as we want to process time * events, in order to sleep until the next time event is ready * to fire. */ if (eventLoop->maxfd != -1 || ((flags & AE_TIME_EVENTS) && !(flags & AE_DONT_WAIT))) { int j; aeTimeEvent *shortest = NULL; struct timeval tv, *tvp; if (flags & AE_TIME_EVENTS && !(flags & AE_DONT_WAIT)) shortest = aeSearchNearestTimer(eventLoop); if (shortest) { long now_sec, now_ms; /* Calculate the time missing for the nearest * timer to fire. */ aeGetTime(&now_sec, &now_ms); tvp = &tv; tvp->tv_sec = shortest->when_sec - now_sec; if (shortest->when_ms < now_ms) { tvp->tv_usec = ((shortest->when_ms+1000) - now_ms)*1000; tvp->tv_sec --; } else { tvp->tv_usec = (shortest->when_ms - now_ms)*1000; } if (tvp->tv_sec < 0) tvp->tv_sec = 0; if (tvp->tv_usec < 0) tvp->tv_usec = 0; } else { /* If we have to check for events but need to return * ASAP because of AE_DONT_WAIT we need to set the timeout * to zero */ if (flags & AE_DONT_WAIT) { tv.tv_sec = tv.tv_usec = 0; tvp = &tv; } else { /* Otherwise we can block */ tvp = NULL; /* wait forever */ } } numevents = aeApiPoll(eventLoop, tvp); for (j = 0; j < numevents; j++) { aeFileEvent *fe = &eventLoop->events[eventLoop->fired[j].fd]; int mask = eventLoop->fired[j].mask; int fd = eventLoop->fired[j].fd; int rfired = 0; /* note the fe->mask & mask & ... code: maybe an already processed * event removed an element that fired and we still didn‘t * processed, so we check if the event is still valid. */ if (fe->mask & mask & AE_READABLE) { rfired = 1; fe->rfileProc(eventLoop,fd,fe->clientData,mask); } if (fe->mask & mask & AE_WRITABLE) { if (!rfired || fe->wfileProc != fe->rfileProc) fe->wfileProc(eventLoop,fd,fe->clientData,mask); } processed++; } } /* Check time events */ if (flags & AE_TIME_EVENTS) processed += processTimeEvents(eventLoop); return processed; /* return the number of processed file/time events */}
当用户在客户端输入命令后,触发读时间,服务器调用readQueryFromClient()来读取命令,每条命令处理完成之后都会调用addReply(),其中之一的作用是注册写事件,回调函数sendReplyToClient(),目的是将处理结果写回客户端。
处理完文件事件后再执行时间事件(serverCron)
TimeEvent被组织为一个单向链表,表头指针timeEventHead保存在核心数据结构aeEventLoop中。aeMain函数在每一轮循环中都会遍历该链表,针对每个TimeEvent,先调用gettimeofday获取系统当前时间,如果它比TimeEvent中的时间要小,则说明TimeEvent还没触发,应继续前进,否则说明TimeEvent已经触发了,立即调用超时处理函数,接下来根据处理函数的返回值分两种情况讨论:
1)若处理函数返回-1,那么把这个TimeEvent删掉。
2)否则,根据返回值修改当前的TimeEvent。比如返回5000,这个TimeEvent就会在5秒后再次被触发。
由于情况1)我们不能由当前结点到达下一结点,于是就又从表头开始遍历。
在目前的版本中,正常模式下的Redis 只带有serverCron 一个时间事件,而在benchmark 模
式下,Redis 也只使用两个时间事件。
在这种情况下,程序几乎是将无序链表退化成一个指针来使用,所以使用无序链表来保存时间
事件,并不影响事件处理器的性能。