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Android 代码实现preference组件

      Preference主要实现一些配置数据,一些我们上次点击选择的内容,我们希望在下次应用调起的时候依然有效,无须用户再一次进行配置或选择。Android提供preference这个键值对的方式来处理这种情况,自动保存这些数据,并立时生效,同时Android提供一种类似的layout的方式来进行Preference的布局。

Preference组件有ListPreference,EditTextPreference,CheckBoxPreference和SwitchPreference,相对于View中的ListView,EditText,CheckBox,Switch和RingtonePreference .

1.介绍Preference组件的相关属性

 

         android:key :          每个Preference控件独一无二的”ID”,唯一表示此Preference。          

         android:defaultValue : 默认值。 例如,CheckPreference的默认值可为”true”,默认为选中状态;

                                            EditTextPreference的默认值可为”110”。

         android:enabled :      表示该Preference是否可用状态。     

         android:title :        每个Preference在PreferenceScreen布局上显示的标题——大标题

         android:summary :      每个Preference在PreferenceScreen布局上显示的标题——小标题(可以没有)

         android:persistent:    表示Preference元素所对应的值是否写入sharedPreferen文件中,如果是true,则表示写

                                      入;否则,则表示不写入该Preference元素的值。

         android:dependency:    表示一个Preference(用A表示)的可用状态依赖另外一个Preference(用B表示)。B可用,

                                             则A可用;B不可用,则A不可用。

         android:disableDependentsState:  与android:dependency相反。B可用,则A不可用;B不可用,则A可用。




特性:ListPreference

              android:dialogTitle:弹出控件对话框时显示的标题

              android:entries:类型为array,控件欲显示的文本

              android:entryValues:类型为array,与文本相对应的key-value键值对,value保存至sharedPreference文件


RingtonePreference

             android:ringtoneType:响铃的铃声类型,主要有:ringtone(音乐)、notification(通知)、alarm(闹铃)

                                     、all(所有可用声 音类型)。

             android:showDefault :默认铃声,可以使用系统(布尔值---true,false)的或者自定义的铃声

             android:showSilent  :指定铃声是否为静音。指定铃声包括系统默认铃声或者自定义的铃声


2.实例实现上述所讲控件

1> 代码目录结构


2>效果图


3>xml相关文件

a.xml-> setting_preference.xml

Preference的xml文件不是放在res->layout下,而是需要新建一个xml文件夹,将setting_preference.xml放置在该xml文件夹下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<PreferenceScreen xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >

    <PreferenceCategory android:title="第一项" >
        <ListPreference
            android:defaultValue=http://www.mamicode.com/"Green">
b.layout->activity_main.xml
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/setting_btn"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="设置" />

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/show_setting_info_btn"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:gravity="center"
        android:text="显示设置信息" />

    <TextView
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="显示设置信息:"
        android:textColor="#FF0000"
        android:textSize="20sp" />

    <TextView
        android:id="@+id/show_info_tv"
        android:layout_width="fill_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:textSize="20sp" />

</LinearLayout>
c.layout->activity_about.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical" >
    
	<TextView
	    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	    android:layout_height="fill_parent"
	    android:text="welcome to my preference"
	    android:textSize="20sp"
	    android:gravity="center"
	    ></TextView>
</LinearLayout>
d.value->array.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<resources>
    <string-array name="my_color_array">
        <item>Red</item>
        <item>Green</item>
        <item>Bule</item>
    </string-array>
</resources>

4>. java代码实现

a. 常量ConstantUtil.java

package com.example.settingdemo;

public class ConstantUtil {
	public static final String LIST_KEY = "list_key";
	public static final String EDIT_TEXT_KEY = "edit_text_key";
	public static final String CHECK_BOX_KEY = "check_box_key";
	public static final String SWITCH_KEY = "switch_key";
	public static final String RING_TONE_KEY = "ring_tone_key";
	public static final String PREFERENCE_KEY = "preference_key";
	public static final String MY_PREFERENCE_KEY = "my_preference_key";
}

b. 主界面MainActivity.java

package com.example.settingdemo;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {

	private Button settingBtn, showSettingInfoBtn;
	private TextView showInfoTv;

	@Override
	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);

		settingBtn = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.setting_btn);
		showSettingInfoBtn = (Button) this
				.findViewById(R.id.show_setting_info_btn);
		showInfoTv = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.show_info_tv);

		settingBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
		showSettingInfoBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
	}

	@Override
	public void onResume() {
		super.onResume();
		showSettingInfo();
	}

	/**
	 * 显示设置信息
	 */
	private void showSettingInfo() {
		SharedPreferences share = PreferenceManager
				.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
		StringBuffer info = new StringBuffer();
		String listInfo = share.getString(ConstantUtil.LIST_KEY, "Green");
		String editTextInfo = share.getString(ConstantUtil.EDIT_TEXT_KEY,
				"this is editTextPreference");
		boolean checkBoxInfo = share.getBoolean(ConstantUtil.CHECK_BOX_KEY,
				true);
		boolean switchInfo = share.getBoolean(ConstantUtil.SWITCH_KEY, true);
		String ringtoneInfo = share.getString(ConstantUtil.RING_TONE_KEY,
				"默认铃声");

		info.append("ListInfo:").append(listInfo).append("\n")
				.append("editTextInfo:").append(editTextInfo).append("\n")
				.append("checkBoxInfo:").append(checkBoxInfo).append("\n")
				.append("switchInfo:").append(switchInfo).append("\n")
				.append("ringtoneInfo:").append(ringtoneInfo).append("\n");

		showInfoTv.setText(info.toString());
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {

		// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
		getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
		return true;
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
		// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
		// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
		// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
		int id = item.getItemId();
		if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
			return true;
		}
		return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
	}

	@Override
	public void onClick(View v) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		switch (v.getId()) {
		case R.id.setting_btn:
			Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, SettingActivity.class);
			startActivity(intent);
			break;
		case R.id.show_setting_info_btn:
			showSettingInfo();
			break;
		}
	}

}

c. 设置界面SettingActivity.java

package com.example.settingdemo;

import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.content.SharedPreferences.OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.CheckBoxPreference;
import android.preference.EditTextPreference;
import android.preference.ListPreference;
import android.preference.Preference;
import android.preference.Preference.OnPreferenceClickListener;
import android.preference.PreferenceActivity;
import android.preference.RingtonePreference;
import android.preference.SwitchPreference;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class SettingActivity extends PreferenceActivity implements OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener,OnPreferenceClickListener{
	
	private ListPreference mListPreference;
	private EditTextPreference mEditTextPreference;
	private CheckBoxPreference mCheckBoxPreference;
	private SwitchPreference mSwitchPreference;
	private Preference mPreference;
	private RingtonePreference mRingtonePreference;
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		this.addPreferencesFromResource(R.xml.setting_preference);
		
		initPreference();
	}

	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	private void initPreference(){
		mListPreference = (ListPreference) this.findPreference(ConstantUtil.LIST_KEY);
		mEditTextPreference = (EditTextPreference) this.findPreference(ConstantUtil.EDIT_TEXT_KEY);
		mCheckBoxPreference = (CheckBoxPreference) this.findPreference(ConstantUtil.CHECK_BOX_KEY);
		mSwitchPreference = (SwitchPreference) this.findPreference(ConstantUtil.SWITCH_KEY);
		mPreference = (Preference) this.findPreference(ConstantUtil.PREFERENCE_KEY);
		mRingtonePreference = (RingtonePreference) this.findPreference(ConstantUtil.RING_TONE_KEY);
		
		mPreference.setOnPreferenceClickListener(this);
	}
	
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	@Override
	public void onResume(){
		super.onResume();
		SharedPreferences share = this.getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences();
		
		setDefaultSummary(share);
		
		share.registerOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
	}
	
	@SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
	@Override
	public void onPause(){
		super.onPause();
		
		this.getPreferenceScreen().getSharedPreferences().unregisterOnSharedPreferenceChangeListener(this);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 设置组件小标题
	 * @param share
	 */
	private void setDefaultSummary(SharedPreferences share){
		mListPreference.setSummary(share.getString(ConstantUtil.LIST_KEY, "Green"));
		mEditTextPreference.setSummary(share.getString(ConstantUtil.EDIT_TEXT_KEY, "this is editTextPreference"));
		mRingtonePreference.setSummary(share.getString(ConstantUtil.RING_TONE_KEY, "默认铃声"));
	}
	
	@Override
	public void onSharedPreferenceChanged(SharedPreferences sharedPreferences,
			String key) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(ConstantUtil.LIST_KEY.equals(key)){
			mListPreference.setSummary(mListPreference.getEntry());
		}else if(ConstantUtil.EDIT_TEXT_KEY.equals(key)){
			mEditTextPreference.setSummary(sharedPreferences.getString(key, "this is editTextPreference"));
		}else if(ConstantUtil.RING_TONE_KEY.equals(key)){
			mRingtonePreference.setSummary(sharedPreferences.getString(key, "默认铃声"));
		}
	}

	@Override
	public boolean onPreferenceClick(Preference preference) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		if(ConstantUtil.PREFERENCE_KEY.equals(preference.getKey())){
			Intent intent = new Intent(SettingActivity.this,AboutActivity.class);
			startActivity(intent);
		}else if(ConstantUtil.MY_PREFERENCE_KEY.equals(preference.getKey())){
			Toast.makeText(this, "点击MyPreference", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
		}
		return false;
	}
}

d.跳转界面AboutActivity.java

package com.example.settingdemo;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;

public class AboutActivity extends Activity {
	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState){
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.activity_about);
	}
}

5>. 清单AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.example.settingdemo"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk
        android:minSdkVersion="8"
        android:targetSdkVersion="19" />

    <application
        android:allowBackup="true"
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name"
        android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
        <activity
            android:name="com.example.settingdemo.MainActivity"
            android:label="@string/app_name" >
            <intent-filter>
                <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />

                <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
            </intent-filter>
        </activity>
        <activity android:name="com.example.settingdemo.SettingActivity"></activity>
        <activity android:name="com.example.settingdemo.AboutActivity"></activity>
    </application>

</manifest>

至此,本文已完成,大家可以试试。


源代码下载链接:http://download.csdn.net/detail/a123demi/7564135