题目：实现linux C下常用的字符串操作函数

题目分析：

一、面试中可能经常遇到这样的问题：比如strcpy、memcpy、strstr

二、参考了linux 内核代码，对linux大神表示感谢，代码写得相当精致，这里拿来与大家分享吧

算法实现：

/*
 *  linux/lib/string.c
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 1991, 1992  Linus Torvalds
 */

/*
 * stupid library routines.. The optimized versions should generally be found
 * as inline code in <asm-xx/string.h>
 *
 * These are buggy as well..
 *
 * * Fri Jun 25 1999, Ingo Oeser <ioe@informatik.tu-chemnitz.de>
 * -  Added strsep() which will replace strtok() soon (because strsep() is
 *    reentrant and should be faster). Use only strsep() in new code, please.
 *
 * * Sat Feb 09 2002, Jason Thomas <jason@topic.com.au>,
 *                    Matthew Hawkins <matt@mh.dropbear.id.au>
 * -  Kissed strtok() goodbye
 */

#include "string_fun.h"

/**
 * strnicmp - Case insensitive, length-limited string comparison
 * @s1: One string
 * @s2: The other string
 * @len: the maximum number of characters to compare
 */
int strnicmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, unsigned int len)
{
	/* Yes, Virginia, it had better be unsigned */
	unsigned char c1, c2;

	if (!len)
		return 0;

	do {
		c1 = *s1++;
		c2 = *s2++;
		if (!c1 || !c2)
			break;
		if (c1 == c2)
			continue;
		c1 = tolower(c1);
		c2 = tolower(c2);
		if (c1 != c2)
			break;
	} while (--len);
	return (int)c1 - (int)c2;
}

int strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
	int c1, c2;

	do {
		c1 = tolower(*s1++);
		c2 = tolower(*s2++);
	} while (c1 == c2 && c1 != 0);
	return c1 - c2;
}

int strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, unsigned int n)
{
	int c1, c2;

	do {
		c1 = tolower(*s1++);
		c2 = tolower(*s2++);
	} while ((--n > 0) && c1 == c2 && c1 != 0);
	return c1 - c2;
}

/**
 * strcpy - Copy a %NUL terminated string
 * @dest: Where to copy the string to
 * @src: Where to copy the string from
 */
char *strcpy(char *dest, const char *src)
{
	char *tmp = dest;

	while ((*dest++ = *src++) != '\0')
		/* nothing */;
	return tmp;
}

/**
 * strncpy - Copy a length-limited, %NUL-terminated string
 * @dest: Where to copy the string to
 * @src: Where to copy the string from
 * @count: The maximum number of bytes to copy
 *
 * The result is not %NUL-terminated if the source exceeds
 * @count bytes.
 *
 * In the case where the length of @src is less than  that  of
 * count, the remainder of @dest will be padded with %NUL.
 *
 */
char *strncpy(char *dest, const char *src, unsigned int count)
{
	char *tmp = dest;

	while (count) 
    {
		if ((*tmp = *src) != 0)
			src++;
		tmp++;
		count--;
	}
	return dest;
}


/**
 * strcat - Append one %NUL-terminated string to another
 * @dest: The string to be appended to
 * @src: The string to append to it
 */
char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src)
{
	char *tmp = dest;

	while (*dest)
		dest++;
	while ((*dest++ = *src++) != '\0')
		;
	return tmp;
}

/**
 * strncat - Append a length-limited, %NUL-terminated string to another
 * @dest: The string to be appended to
 * @src: The string to append to it
 * @count: The maximum numbers of bytes to copy
 *
 * Note that in contrast to strncpy(), strncat() ensures the result is
 * terminated.
 */
char *strncat(char *dest, const char *src, unsigned int count)
{
	char *tmp = dest;

	if (count)
    {
		while (*dest)
			dest++;
		while ((*dest++ = *src++) != 0) 
        {
			if (--count == 0)
            {
				*dest = '\0';
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	return tmp;
}

/**
 * strcmp - Compare two strings
 * @cs: One string
 * @ct: Another string
 */
int strcmp(const char *cs, const char *ct)
{
	unsigned char c1, c2;

	while (1) 
    {
		c1 = *cs++;
		c2 = *ct++;
		if (c1 != c2)
			return c1 < c2 ? -1 : 1;
		if (!c1)
			break;
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * strncmp - Compare two length-limited strings
 * @cs: One string
 * @ct: Another string
 * @count: The maximum number of bytes to compare
 */
int strncmp(const char *cs, const char *ct, unsigned int count)
{
	unsigned char c1, c2;

	while (count) 
    {
		c1 = *cs++;
		c2 = *ct++;
		if (c1 != c2)
			return c1 < c2 ? -1 : 1;
		if (!c1)
			break;
		count--;
	}
	return 0;
}

/**
 * strchr - Find the first occurrence of a character in a string
 * @s: The string to be searched
 * @c: The character to search for
 */
char *strchr(const char *s, int c)
{
	for (; *s != (char)c; ++s)
		if (*s == '\0')
			return NULL;
	return (char *)s;
}

/**
 * strrchr - Find the last occurrence of a character in a string
 * @s: The string to be searched
 * @c: The character to search for
 */
char *strrchr(const char *s, int c)
{
    const char *p = s + strlen(s);
    do {
	    if (*p == (char)c)
		   return (char *)p;
    } while (--p >= s);
    return NULL;
}

/**
 * strnchr - Find a character in a length limited string
 * @s: The string to be searched
 * @count: The number of characters to be searched
 * @c: The character to search for
 */
char *strnchr(const char *s, unsigned int count, int c)
{
	for (; count-- && *s != '\0'; ++s)
		if (*s == (char)c)
			return (char *)s;
	return NULL;
}


/**
 * skip_spaces - Removes leading whitespace from @str.
 * @str: The string to be stripped.
 *
 * Returns a pointer to the first non-whitespace character in @str.
 */
 char *skip_spaces(const char *str)
{
	while (isspace(*str))
		++str;
	return (char *)str;
}

/**
 * strim - Removes leading and trailing whitespace from @s.
 * @s: The string to be stripped.
 *
 * Note that the first trailing whitespace is replaced with a %NUL-terminator
 * in the given string @s. Returns a pointer to the first non-whitespace
 * character in @s.
 */
char *strim(char *s)
{
	unsigned int size;
	char *end;

	size = strlen(s);
	if (!size)
		return s;

	end = s + size - 1;
	while (end >= s && isspace(*end))
		end--;
	*(end + 1) = '\0';

	return skip_spaces(s);
}

/**
 * strlen - Find the length of a string
 * @s: The string to be sized
 */
unsigned int strlen(const char *s)
{
	const char *sc;

	for (sc = s; *sc != '\0'; ++sc)
		/* nothing */;
	return sc - s;
}

/**
 * strspn - Calculate the length of the initial substring of @s which only contain letters in @accept
 * @s: The string to be searched
 * @accept: The string to search for
 */
unsigned int strspn(const char *s, const char *accept)
{
	const char *p;
	const char *a;
	unsigned int count = 0;

	for (p = s; *p != '\0'; ++p) 
    {
		for (a = accept; *a != '\0'; ++a) 
        {
			if (*p == *a)
				break;
		}
		if (*a == '\0')
			return count;
		++count;
	}
	return count;
}


/**
 * strcspn - Calculate the length of the initial substring of @s which does not contain letters in @reject
 * @s: The string to be searched
 * @reject: The string to avoid
 */
unsigned int strcspn(const char *s, const char *reject)
{
	const char *p;
	const char *r;
	unsigned int count = 0;

	for (p = s; *p != '\0'; ++p) 
    {
		for (r = reject; *r != '\0'; ++r) 
        {
			if (*p == *r)
				return count;
		}
		++count;
	}
	return count;
}

/**
 * strpbrk - Find the first occurrence of a set of characters
 * @cs: The string to be searched
 * @ct: The characters to search for
 */
char *strpbrk(const char *cs, const char *ct)
{
	const char *sc1, *sc2;

	for (sc1 = cs; *sc1 != '\0'; ++sc1)
    {
		for (sc2 = ct; *sc2 != '\0'; ++sc2)
        {
			if (*sc1 == *sc2)
				return (char *)sc1;
		}
	}
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * strsep - Split a string into tokens
 * @s: The string to be searched
 * @ct: The characters to search for
 *
 * strsep() updates @s to point after the token, ready for the next call.
 *
 * It returns empty tokens, too, behaving exactly like the libc function
 * of that name. In fact, it was stolen from glibc2 and de-fancy-fied.
 * Same semantics, slimmer shape. ;)
 */
char *strsep(char **s, const char *ct)
{
	char *sbegin = *s;
	char *end;

	if (sbegin == NULL)
		return NULL;

	end = strpbrk(sbegin, ct);
	if (end)
		*end++ = '\0';
	*s = end;
	return sbegin;
}


/**
 * memset - Fill a region of memory with the given value
 * @s: Pointer to the start of the area.
 * @c: The byte to fill the area with
 * @count: The size of the area.
 *
 * Do not use memset() to access IO space, use memset_io() instead.
 */
void *memset(void *s, int c, unsigned int count)
{
	char *xs = s;

	while (count--)
		*xs++ = c;
	return s;
}

/**
 * memcpy - Copy one area of memory to another
 * @dest: Where to copy to
 * @src: Where to copy from
 * @count: The size of the area.
 *
 * You should not use this function to access IO space, use memcpy_toio()
 * or memcpy_fromio() instead.
 */
void *memcpy(void *dest, const void *src, unsigned int count)
{
	char *tmp = dest;
	const char *s = src;

	while (count--)
		*tmp++ = *s++;
	return dest;
}

/**
 * memmove - Copy one area of memory to another
 * @dest: Where to copy to
 * @src: Where to copy from
 * @count: The size of the area.
 *
 * Unlike memcpy(), memmove() copes with overlapping areas.
 */
void *memmove(void *dest, const void *src, unsigned int count)
{
	char *tmp;
	const char *s;

	if (dest <= src)
    {
		tmp = dest;
		s = src;
		while (count--)
			*tmp++ = *s++;
	} 
    else 
    {
		tmp = dest;
		tmp += count;
		s = src;
		s += count;
		while (count--)
			*--tmp = *--s;
	}
	return dest;
}

/**
 * memcmp - Compare two areas of memory
 * @cs: One area of memory
 * @ct: Another area of memory
 * @count: The size of the area.
 */
int memcmp(const void *cs, const void *ct, unsigned int count)
{
	const unsigned char *su1, *su2;
	int res = 0;

	for (su1 = cs, su2 = ct; 0 < count; ++su1, ++su2, count--)
		if ((res = *su1 - *su2) != 0)
			break;
	return res;
}

/**
 * memscan - Find a character in an area of memory.
 * @addr: The memory area
 * @c: The byte to search for
 * @size: The size of the area.
 *
 * returns the address of the first occurrence of @c, or 1 byte past
 * the area if @c is not found
 */
void *memscan(void *addr, int c, unsigned int size)
{
	unsigned char *p = addr;

	while (size) 
    {
		if (*p == c)
			return (void *)p;
		p++;
		size--;
	}
  	return (void *)p;
}


/**
 * strstr - Find the first substring in a %NUL terminated string
 * @s1: The string to be searched
 * @s2: The string to search for
 */
char *strstr(const char *s1, const char *s2)
{
	unsigned int l1, l2;

	l2 = strlen(s2);
	if (!l2)
		return (char *)s1;
	l1 = strlen(s1);
	while (l1 >= l2)
    {
		l1--;
		if (!memcmp(s1, s2, l2))
			return (char *)s1;
		s1++;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * strnstr - Find the first substring in a length-limited string
 * @s1: The string to be searched
 * @s2: The string to search for
 * @len: the maximum number of characters to search
 */
char *strnstr(const char *s1, const char *s2, unsigned int len)
{
	unsigned int l2;

	l2 = strlen(s2);
	if (!l2)
		return (char *)s1;
	while (len >= l2) 
    {
		len--;
		if (!memcmp(s1, s2, l2))
			return (char *)s1;
		s1++;
	}
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * memchr - Find a character in an area of memory.
 * @s: The memory area
 * @c: The byte to search for
 * @n: The size of the area.
 *
 * returns the address of the first occurrence of @c, or %NULL
 * if @c is not found
 */
void *memchr(const void *s, int c, unsigned int n)
{
	const unsigned char *p = s;
	while (n-- != 0) 
    {
        if ((unsigned char)c == *p++)
			return (void *)(p - 1);
	}
	return NULL;
}

/**
 * memchr - Put the string into an integer.
 * @s: The string
 *
 * returns int which come from @s
 */
int atoi(const char *s)
{
    if(!s || ((*s != '-') && !isdigit(*s)))
        return 0;
    int value = http://www.mamicode.com/0;>