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软件包管理之源码编译安装
编译步骤：
1.#cd SOURCE_CODE
2../configure
作用：
检测编译环境
提供给用户编译配置(通过脚本选项)
--help 帮助信息
--prefix=/usr/local/name 安装路径
二进制
/usr/local/name/bin
/usr/local/name/libexec不允许自动执行，只能被其他程序调用执行
配置文件
/usr/local/name/conf
库文件
/usr/local/name/lib
帮助文档
/usr/local/name/share/man
3.make
默认使用gcc编译器
make依赖于makefile来编译源码
configure脚本 + Makefile.in = makefile
autoconf生成configure脚本
automake生成Makefile.in
4.make install
下面我们以编译安装httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2为例：
1.解压展开httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2源码包:
[root@wsh ~]# ls Documents Music Public Videos httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2 install.log.syslog Desktop Downloads Pictures Templates anaconda-ks.cfg install.log mkscript [root@wsh ~]# tar -xf httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2 #解压展开源码包到本目录下 [root@wsh ~]# ls Documents Music Public Videos httpd-2.4.6 install.log mkscript Desktop Downloads Pictures Templates anaconda-ks.cfg httpd-2.4.6.tar.bz2 install.log.syslog
2.执行./configure
[root@wsh ~]# cd httpd-2.4.6 #切换到源码所在目录
[root@wsh httpd-2.4.6]# ls
ABOUT_APACHE CHANGES Makefile.in README.platforms apache_probes.d configure.in include srclib
Apache-apr2.dsw INSTALL Makefile.win ROADMAP build docs libhttpd.dsp support
Apache.dsw InstallBin.dsp NOTICE VERSIONING buildconf emacs-style modules test
BuildAll.dsp LAYOUT NWGNUmakefile acinclude.m4 config.layout httpd.dsp os
BuildBin.dsp LICENSE README ap.d configure httpd.spec server
[root@wsh httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache #执行configure脚本
checking for chosen layout... Apache
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep
checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
configure:
configure: Configuring Apache Portable Runtime library...
configure:
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR not found. Please read the documentation.
#很不幸运，缺少apr相关包，下面编译安装apr包
[root@wsh ~]# tar -xf apr-1.4.6.tar.bz2
[root@wsh ~]# cd apr-1.4.6
[root@wsh apr-1.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apr #执行configure脚本，指定安装路径
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configuring APR library
Platform: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR Version: 1.4.6
checking for chosen layout... apr
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
.........
configure: creating ./config.status
config.status: creating Makefile
config.status: creating include/apr.h
config.status: creating build/apr_rules.mk
config.status: creating build/pkg/pkginfo
config.status: creating apr-1-config
config.status: creating apr.pc
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating test/internal/Makefile
config.status: creating include/arch/unix/apr_private.h
config.status: executing libtool commands
rm: cannot remove `libtoolT‘: No such file or directory
config.status: executing default commands
[root@wsh apr-1.4.6]# make #执行make
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/apr-1.4.6‘
/bin/sh /root/apr-1.4.6/libtool --silent --mode=compile gcc -g -O2 -pthread -DHAVE_CONFIG_H -DLINUX=2 -D_REENTRANT -D_GNU_SOURCE -I./include -I/root/apr-1.4.6/include/arch/unix -I./include/arch/unix -I/root/apr-1.4.6/include/arch/unix -I/root/apr-1.4.6/include
.............
sed -e ‘s,^\(apr_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/apr/build-1,‘ -e ‘s,^\(top_build.*=\).*$,\1/usr/local/apr/build-1,‘ < build/apr_rules.mk > build/apr_rules.out
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/apr-1.4.6‘
[root@wsh apr-1.4.6]# make install #执行make install
make[1]: Entering directory `/root/apr-1.4.6‘
make[1]: Nothing to be done for `local-all‘.
make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/apr-1.4.6‘
/root/apr-1.4.6/build/mkdir.sh /usr/local/apr/lib /usr/local/apr/bin /usr/local/apr/build-1 /usr/local/apr/lib/pkgconfig /usr/local/apr/include/apr-1
mkdir /usr/local/apr
mkdir /usr/local/apr/lib
mkdir /usr/local/apr/bin
mkdir /usr/local/apr/build-1
mkdir /usr/local/apr/lib/pkgconfig
........
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 /root/apr-1.4.6/build/${f} /usr/local/apr/build-1; done
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 build/apr_rules.out /usr/local/apr/build-1/apr_rules.mk
/usr/bin/install -c -m 755 apr-config.out /usr/local/apr/bin/apr-1-config
[root@wsh apr-1.4.6]# ls /usr/local/apr/ #的确生成了相关文件
bin build-1 include lib
#上述相同方式编译安装apr-util
[root@wsh ~]# tar -xf apr-util-1.4.1.tar.bz2
[root@wsh ~]# cd apr-util-1.4.1
[root@wsh apr-util-1.4.1]# ./configure
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
APR-util Version: 1.4.1
checking for chosen layout... apr-util
checking for gcc... gcc
checking whether the C compiler works... yes
checking for C compiler default output file name... a.out
checking for suffix of executables...
checking whether we are cross compiling... no
checking for suffix of object files... o
checking whether we are using the GNU C compiler... yes
checking whether gcc accepts -g... yes
checking for gcc option to accept ISO C89... none needed
Applying apr-util hints file rules for x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for APR... no
configure: error: APR could not be located. Please use the --with-apr option.
#与上面不同的是，需要使用--with-apr=/usr/local/apr选项
[root@wsh apr-util-1.4.1]# ./configure --with-apr=/usr/local/apr/ --prefix=/usr/local/apr-util #--with-apr指定apr的安装路径
checking build system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking host system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking target system type... x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
checking for a BSD-compatible install... /usr/bin/install -c
checking for working mkdir -p... yes
.....
config.status: creating include/apu_want.h
config.status: creating test/Makefile
config.status: creating include/private/apu_config.h
config.status: executing default commands
[root@wsh apr-util-1.4.1]#make
......
......
[root@wsh apr-util-1.4.1]#make install
.....
.....
[root@wsh apr-util-1.4.1]# ls /usr/local/apr-util/ #生成相关文件
bin include lib
#重新执行httpd的configure脚本: [root@wsh httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache checking for chosen layout... Apache ......... checking for pcre-config... false configure: error: pcre-config for libpcre not found. PCRE is required and available from #XXOO，继续编译安装pcre包 #步骤同上./configure,make,make install [root@wsh httpd-2.4.6]# ./configure --with-apr-util=/usr/local/apr-util/ --prefix=/usr/local/apache ##--with-apr-util安装路径## checking for chosen layout... Apache checking for working mkdir -p... yes checking for grep that handles long lines and -e... /bin/grep checking for egrep... /bin/grep -E ........ config.status: creating build/config_vars.sh config.status: creating include/ap_config_auto.h config.status: executing default commands
[root@wsh httpd-2.4.6]#make ##make## ...... make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/httpd-2.4.6/modules‘ make[2]: Entering directory `/root/httpd-2.4.6/support‘ make[2]: Leaving directory `/root/httpd-2.4.6/support‘ make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/httpd-2.4.6‘ [root@wsh httpd-2.4.6]#make install ##make install## ....... mkdir /usr/local/apache/man mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man1 mkdir /usr/local/apache/man/man8 mkdir /usr/local/apache/manual make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/httpd-2.4.6‘ [root@wsh httpd-2.4.6]# ls /usr/local/apache/ ##安装后生成的文件## bin build cgi-bin conf error htdocs icons include logs man manual modules 1.将/usr/local/apache/bin加入PATH: [root@wsh apache]# vim /etc/profile.d/apache.sh #编辑配置文件，生成环境变量，永久生效 export PATH=/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH [root@wsh apache]# . /etc/profile.d/apache.sh #source配置文件 [root@wsh apache]# echo $PATH #查看PATH环境变量 /usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin [root@wsh apache]# apachectl start #启动服务 [root@wsh apache]# hash #查看，确实是该路径下的apachectl命令 #在/usr/sbin/apachectl，也有该命令 hitscommand 1/usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl [root@wsh apache]# ifconfig | grep "inet addr" | cut -d: -f2 | cut -d‘ ‘ -f 1 | grep -v "127.0.0.1" ##获取本机ip地址 192.168.155.3
浏览器浏览该ip地址:
2.如果源码编译安装的软件包生成了lib，则需要将lib所在路径加入到
vim /etc/ld.so/conf.d/apache.conf 写入:/usr/local/apache/lib # ldconfig -v: 重新搜索当前系统上所有库文件搜索路径下的库文件，并生成缓存/etc/ld.so.cache
3.配置/etc/man.conf：
vim /etc/man.conf 写入:PATH /usr/local/apache/man
4.头文件路径:
[root@www apache]# ln -s /usr/local/apache/include/ /usr/include/apache#符号链接至/usr/include [root@www apache]# ls -l /usr/include/apache lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 26 May 23 23:38 /usr/include/apache -> /usr/local/apache/include/
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