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Tomcat的应用

一、简介

Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器,属于轻量级应用服务器,在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用,是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。对于一个初学者来说,可以这样认为,当在一台机器上配置好Apache 服务器,可利用它响应对HTML页面的访问请求。实际上Tomcat 部分是Apache 服务器的扩展,但它是独立运行的,所以当你运行tomcat 时,它实际上作为一个与Apache 独立的进程单独运行的,Tomcat 很受广大程序员的喜欢,因为它运行时占用的系统资源小,扩展性好,支持负载平衡与邮件服务等开发应用系统常用的功能;而且它还在不断的改进和完善中,任何一个感兴趣的程序员都可以更改它或在其中加入新的功能。

二、拓扑

wKioL1NxccKSlD-UAAEZBpebPZU262.jpg

三、实现过程

1、配置haproxy(172.16.70.1)

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[root@haproxy ~]# yum -y install haproxy
[root@haproxy ~]# vim /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg
global
log         127.0.0.1 local2
chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
maxconn     30000
user        haproxy
group       haproxy
daemon
# turn on stats unix socket
stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# common defaults that all the ‘listen‘ and ‘backend‘ sections will
# use if not designated in their block
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
defaults
mode                    http
log                     global
option                  httplog
option                  dontlognull
option http-server-close
option forwardfor       except 127.0.0.0/8
option                  redispatch
retries                 3
timeout http-request    10s
timeout queue           1m
timeout connect         10s
timeout client          1m
timeout server          1m
timeout http-keep-alive 10s
timeout check           10s
maxconn                 3000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# main frontend which proxys to the backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
frontend  haproxy *:80
acl url_static       path_beg       -i /static/images/javascript/stylesheets
acl url_static       path_end       -i .html .jpg .gif .png .css .js
acl url_dynamic      path_end       -i .jsp .do
use_backend varnish         ifurl_static
use_backend dynamic         ifurl_dynamic
default_backend             varnish
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# static backend for serving up images, stylesheets and such
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend varnish
balance     roundrobin
server      node1   172.16.70.2:6081 check maxconn 10000
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# round robin balancing between the various backends
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
backend dynamic
balance     roundrobin
server      node2     172.16.70.3:80 check maxconn 5000
[root@haproxy ~]#
[root@haproxy ~]# service haproxy start

2、配置varnish(172.16.70.2)

 

(1)安装varnish

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[root@varnish ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg                 varnish-docs-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
install.log                     varnish-libs-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
install.log.syslog              varnish-libs-devel-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
varnish-3.0.4-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
[root@varnish ~]#
[root@varnish ~]# yum -y install *.rpm

(2)修改vanish,使用内存做为缓存

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[root@varnish ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/varnish
VARNISH_STORAGE="malloc,500M"

(3)配置varnish缓存

   ①、不使用默认.vcl,新建一个gg.vcl使用

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[root@varnish ~]# cd /etc/varnish/
[root@varnish varnish]#
[root@varnish varnish]# vim gg.vcl
acl purgers {        #定义访问控制列表
"127.0.0.1";
"172.16.0.0"/16;
}
backend images {        #后端图片服务器
.host = "172.16.70.4";
.port = "80";
}
backend html {          #后端网页服务器
.host = "172.16.70.5";
.port = "80";
}
sub vcl_recv {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {        #不能匹配到列表的用户不允许清除缓存
if(!client.ip ~ purgers) {
error 503 "Not allowed!";
}
}
if(req.http.X-Forward-For) {        #定义在后端服务器记录真正请求者的IP
setreq.http.X-Forward-For = req.http.X-Forward-For + ", "+ client.ip;
} else{
setreq.http.X-Forward-For = client.ip;
}
if(req.http.url ~ "\.(jpg|png|gif|jpeg)$") {
setreq.backend = images;    #如果是图片则请求图片服务器
} else{
setreq.backend = html;      #否则请求html服务器
}
return(lookup);
}
sub vcl_hit {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {       #如果命中缓存,则可清理
purge;
error 200 "Purged!";
}
}
sub vcl_miss {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {        #如未命中缓存,清除时则报错
purge;
error 404 "Not in cache!";
}
}
sub vcl_deliver {            #通过F12可查看缓存命中状态及varnish服务器IP
if(obj.hits > 0) {
setresp.http.X-Cache = "Hit from "+ server.ip;
} else{
setresp.http.X-Cache = "MISS";
}
}

   ②、使用配置好的vcl

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[root@varnish ~]# service varnish start
[root@varnish ~]#
[root@varnish ~]# varnishadm -S /etc/varnish/secret -T 127.0.0.1:6082   #进入varnish管理接口,启用varnish
varnish>
varnish> vcl.load cache gg.vcl
200
VCL compiled.
varnish>
varnish> vcl.list
200
active          0 boot
available       0 cache
varnish>
varnish> vcl.use cache
200

3、配置静态服务器

(1)配置static2(html):172.16.70.5

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[root@static2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@static2 ~]#
[root@static2 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>Welcome to static html(172.16.70.5)</h1>
[root@static2 ~]# service httpd start

   ①、访问以html结尾的静态页面

wKiom1Nt6EuhyCSLAACcYcbdnMA255.png


   ②、测试varnish缓存命中

wKiom1Nt6mGDs7KNAAEjIxEEmM0310.png

(2)配置static1(images):172.16.70.4

   放一张1.jpg的图片到图片服务器:172.16.70.4

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[root@static2 ~]# yum -y install httpd
[root@static2 ~]#
[root@static2 ~]# vim /var/www/html/index.html
<h1>Welcome to static image(172.16.70.4)</h1>
[root@static1 html]# ls
1.jpg  index.html
[root@static1 html]#
[root@static2 ~]# service httpd start

   ①、访问以1.jpg结尾的静态页面

wKiom1Nt7iSD3663ABcpXX9j8IA883.png

 

4、配置nginx+tomcat动态服务器(172.16.70.3)

(1)安装配置tomcat

   ①、安装配置JDK

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[root@dynamic ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  install.log  install.log.syslog  jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
[root@dynamic ~]#
[root@dynamic ~]# yum -y install jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
[root@dynamic ~]#
[root@dynamic ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/java
exportJAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
exportPATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@dynamic ~]#
[root@dynamic ~]# . /etc/profile.d/java

   ②、安装tomcat

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[root@dynamic ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg              install.log         jdk-7u9-linux-x64.rpm
apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz  install.log.syslog
[root@dynamic ~]#
[root@dynamic ~]# tar xf apache-tomcat-7.0.42.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@dynamic ~]#
[root@dynamic ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@dynamic local]# ln -sv apache-tomcat-7.0.42/ tomcat
[root@dynamic local]#
[root@dynamic local]# vim /etc/profile.d/tomcat
exportCATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
exportPATH=$CATALINA_HOME/bin:$PATH
[root@dynamic local]#
[root@dynamic local]# . /etc/profile.d/tomcat

   ③、为tomcat提供服务脚本

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[root@dynamic ~]# vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat
#!/bin/sh
# Tomcat init script for Linux.
#
# chkconfig: 2345 96 14
# description: The Apache Tomcat servlet/JSP container.
# JAVA_OPTS=‘-Xms64m -Xmx128m‘
JAVA_HOME=/usr/java/latest
CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat
exportJAVA_HOME CATALINA_HOME
case$1 in
start)
exec$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
stop)
exec$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop;;
restart)
$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh stop
sleep2
exec$CATALINA_HOME/bin/catalina.sh start ;;
*)
echo"Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|restart}"
exit1
;;
esac
[root@dynamic ~]#
[root@dynamic ~]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/tomcat
[root@dynamic ~]# chkconfig --add tomcat
[root@dynamic ~]# chkconfig tomcat on

   ④、配置tomcat

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[root@dynamic conf]# pwd
/usr/local/tomcat/conf
[root@dynamic conf]#
[root@dynamic conf]# vim server.xml
#######在原来Connector下面新增加一个Connector#######
###这台主机上用nginx监听80端口,nginx反向代理至tomcat使用888端口
Connector port="888"address="172.16.7.100"maxThreads="5000"protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443"/>
###########在原来Host下面新增加一个Host###########
<Host name="172.16.7.100"appBase="webapps"
unpackWARs="true"autoDeploy="true">
<Context path=""docBase="dynaweb"/>
<Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve"directory="logs"
prefix="dynaweb_access_log."suffix=".txt"
pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b"/>
</Host>

   ⑤、创建动态(jsp)网页页面

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[root@dynamic ~]# cd /usr/local/tomcat/webapps/
[root@dynamic webapps]# mkdir dynaweb/WEB-INF/{classes,lib} -pv
[root@dynamic webapps]# cd dynaweb/
[root@dynamic dynaweb]# vim index.jsp
<%@ page language="java"%>
<%@ page import="java.util.*"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>JSP testpage.</title>
</head>
<body>
<% out.println("Hello,world!"); %>
</body>
</html>
[root@dynamic dynaweb]#
[root@dynamic dynaweb]# service tomcat start

   ⑥、测试访问动态页面

wKioL1NuA8mCHJSfAACisoIGpws776.png

(2)安装配置nginx服务器

   ①、安装nginx

   ②、配置nginx

   在监听80端口的server内添加下面这个location

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location / {
root   html;
index  index.html index.htm;
proxy_pass http://172.16.7.100:888;  #当前端haproxy设置默认后端为dynamic时,
#默认不加.jsp结尾的访问也转到7.100
}
location ~* \.(jsp|do)$ {
proxy_pass http://172.16.7.100:888;
}

(3)测试动态效果

wKiom1NuDqXj24N6AACEHsRqE4o183.png