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Oracle 用户验证日志

2024-07-07 03:13:11   222人阅读

1.sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志;
2.非sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志;
3.关于sqlcode;

1.sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志:
在数据库设置了参数 audit_sys_operations=true 的情况下,系统会根据 audit_trail 参数的设置记录 sysdba/sysoper 权限用户日志到 audit_file_dest
参数设置的目录下,记录日志的内容包括(数据库启动操作、登录验证信息、DML操作),其它非 sysdba/sysoper 权限的用户信息会被记录到AUD$表中;
audit_trail 可以设置为:DB、DB,EXTENDED、OS、XML,当audit_trail=xml 时产生的日志数量多慎用;

 1 SYS@sydb>show parameter audit
 2 
 3 NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
 4 ------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
 5 audit_file_dest                      string      /u01/app/admin/sydb/adump
 6 audit_sys_operations                 boolean     TRUE
 7 audit_syslog_level                   string
 8 audit_trail                          string      DB
 9 
10 [sywu@wusuyuan ~]$ cd /u01/app/admin/sydb/adump
11 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ rm *
12 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
13 SYS@sydb>show parameter audit
14 
15 查看跟踪文件:
16 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ ls
17 sydb_ora_26587_1.aud
18 [sywu@wusuyuan adump]$ cat sydb_ora_26587_1.aud 
19 Thu May 29 12:48:05 2014 +08:00
20 LENGTH : ‘158‘
21 ACTION :[7] ‘CONNECT‘  --执行操作,相关操作参照 audit_actions 表
22 DATABASE USER:[1] ‘/‘
23 PRIVILEGE :[6] ‘SYSDBA‘
24 CLIENT USER:[4] ‘sywu‘
25 CLIENT TERMINAL:[5] ‘pts/0‘
26 STATUS:[1] ‘0‘   --状态,登录成功为:‘0‘,失败为:‘1017‘,值是数据库返回的sqlcode,
27 DBID:[10] ‘3589320526‘
28 
29 Thu May 29 12:48:05 2014 +08:00
30 LENGTH : ‘188‘
31 ACTION :[36] ‘BEGIN DBMS_OUTPUT.ENABLE(NULL); END;‘
32 DATABASE USER:[1] ‘/‘
33 PRIVILEGE :[6] ‘SYSDBA‘
34 CLIENT USER:[4] ‘sywu‘
35 CLIENT TERMINAL:[5] ‘pts/0‘
36 STATUS:[1] ‘0‘
37 DBID:[10] ‘3589320526‘
38 
39 Thu May 29 12:48:23 2014 +08:00
40 LENGTH : ‘442‘          --show parameter audit 语句产生的后台查询
41 ACTION :[289] ‘SELECT NAME NAME_COL_PLUS_SHOW_PARAM,DECODE(TYPE,1,‘boolean‘,2,‘string‘,3,‘integer‘,4,‘file‘,5,‘number‘,        6,‘big integer‘, ‘unknown‘) TYPE,DISPLAY_VALUE VALUE_COL_PLUS_SHOW_PARAM FROM V$PARAMETER WHERE UPPER(NAME) LIKE UPPER(:NMBIND_SHOW_OBJ) ORDER BY NAME_COL_PLUS_SHOW_PARAM,ROWNUM‘
42 DATABASE USER:[1] ‘/‘
43 PRIVILEGE :[6] ‘SYSDBA‘
44 CLIENT USER:[4] ‘sywu‘
45 CLIENT TERMINAL:[5] ‘pts/0‘
46 STATUS:[1] ‘0‘
47 DBID:[10] ‘3589320526‘

如果数据库启动为只读模式,则audit_trail 值默认为:OS;

1 AUDIT_TRAIL initialization parameter is changed to OS, as DB,EXTENDED is NOT compatible for database opened with read-only access

2.非sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志:
非sysdba/sysoper 权限用户验证日志会被记录在AUD$系统表上,aud$记录用户验证userId,userhost,action#,comment$text,process#,dbid..,当用户断开连接时
记录用户断开时间(LOGOFF$TIME);

 1 SYS@sydb> select sessionid,userhost,userid,to_char(TIMESTAMP#,‘YYYY-MM-DD HH24:mi:ss‘)TIMESTAMP,action#,process#,LOGOFF$TIME,RETURNCODE 
 2   2   from aud$ where userid=upper(‘SYWU‘);       
 3 
 4  SESSIONID USERHOST        USERID        TIMESTAMP              ACTION# PROCESS#         LOGOFF$TIME         RETURNCODE
 5 ---------- --------------- ------------- ------------------- ---------- ---------------- ------------------- ----------
 6 ########## wusuyuan        SYWU                                     101 25404            2014-06-04 12:40:24          0
 7 ########## wusuyuan        SYWU                                     100 25411                                         0
 8 ########## wusuyuan        SYWU                                     101 25411            2014-06-04 12:41:18          0
 9 ########## wusuyuan        SYWU                                     100 25413                                         0
10 ########## wusuyuan        SYWU                                     101 25413            2014-06-04 12:46:51          0
11 ########## wusuyuan        SYWU                                     100 25444                                         0
12 ########## wusuyuan        SYWU                                     101 25444            2014-06-04 12:50:36          0

sys.AUD$ 表所有者是SYS用户,占用SYSTEM表空间,长时间使用会存储很多信息,可以在sysdba权限用户下(截取、删除)数据:

1 SYS@sydb>truncate table aud$;

也可以将表存储到其它表空间下:

1 SYS@sydb>alter table aud$ move tablespace tbs02;

3.关于sqlcode:
在执行任何sql 时,后台都会返回sqlcode值,执行正确默认返回‘0‘,如果发生错误或异常是返回错误值,类似我们看到的 ORA-00001 错误;

 1  OPS$LANSTON@sydb>declare
 2   2     v_date date;
 3   3     begin
 4   4     select sysdate into v_date from dual;
 5   5     dbms_output.put_line(‘this is v_date value:‘||v_date);
 6   6     dbms_output.put_line(‘this is database return sqlcode:‘||sqlcode);
 7   7     end;
 8   8  /
 9 this is v_date value:2014-06-04 21:12:51
10 this is database return sqlcode:0
11 
12 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

当执行出错时:

 1 OPS$LANSTON@sydb>   declare
 2   2     v_date date;
 3   3     begin
 4   4     execute immediate ‘select tcol from dual‘ into v_date;
 5   5    
 6   6    exception when others then
 7   7      dbms_output.put_line(‘this is database return sqlcode:‘||sqlcode);
 8   8     dbms_output.put_line(‘this is database return error message:‘||sqlerrm);
 9   9     end;
10  10  /
11 this is database return sqlcode:-904
12 this is database return error message:ORA-00904: "TCOL": invalid identifier
13 
14 PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.

在PL/SQL体内执行DML操作时,建议使用 execute immediate 执行,这样容易捕获错误,并且可以在异常体对异常处理;如上例子如果不使用execute immediate 执行,数据库
在第一时间就抛出错误并终止程序运行;


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