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[Oracle] Insert All的妙用

无条件的插入

Oracle中的insert all是指把同一批数据插入到不同的表中,假如如今有个需求:把t表中的数据分别插入t1,t2,假设你不知道insert all,你可能会使用insert插入2次,例如以下所看到的:

insert  into t1(object_name,object_id) select * from t;
insert  into t2(object_name,object_id) select * from t;
commit;
其实,以上这样的写法是错误的,由于在两次insert的过程中,t表的数据有可能已经发生了变化,也就是说,t1,t2表得到的数据有可能不一样,正确的写法应该是採用insert all:

insert all
into t1(object_name,object_id)
into t2(object_name,object_id)
select * from t;
commit;


有条件的插入

insert first/all 是对每一行来进行推断
两者差别:
insert first:对于每一行数据,仅仅插入到第一个when条件成立的表,不继续检查其它条件。
insert all : 对于每一行数据,对每个when条件都进行检查,假设满足条件就运行插入操作。 
看以下的样例:

--insert first
--前面等于1的条件被<=5含在内,FIRST就表示前面插入了,后面不会再插入了。
insert first
when object_id = 1 then
into t1(object_name,object_id)
when object_id <=5 then                      
into t2(object_name,object_id)
select * from t;
commit;

select * from t1;

OBJECT_NAME                OBJECT_ID
--------------------------------- ---
ICOL$                              1

select * from t2;

OBJECT_NAME                OBJECT_ID
--------------------------------- ---
I_USER1                            2
CON$                               3
UNDO$                              4
C_COBJ#                            5

--insert all
insert all
when object_id = 1 then
into t1(object_name,object_id)
when object_id <=5 then                      
into t2(object_name,object_id)
select * from t;
commit;

SQL> select * from t1;

OBJECT_NAME                OBJECT_ID
--------------------------------- ---
ICOL$                              1
SQL> select * from t2;

OBJECT_NAME                OBJECT_ID
--------------------------------- ---
ICOL$                              1
I_USER1                            2
CON$                               3
UNDO$                              4
C_COBJ#                            5

行转列插入

insert all还能够实现行转列插入:
select * from sales_source_data;
EMPLOYEE_ID    WEEK_ID  SALES_MON  SALES_TUE  SALES_WED SALES_THUR  SALES_FRI
----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
        176          6       2000       3000       4000       5000       6000

insert all
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_mon)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_tue)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_wed)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_thur)
into sales_info values(employee_id,week_id,sales_fri)
select employee_id,week_id,sales_mon,sales_tue,
sales_wed,sales_thur,sales_fri
from sales_source_data;

select * from sales_info;
EMPLOYEE_ID       WEEK      SALES
----------- ---------- ----------
        176          6       2000
        176          6       3000
        176          6       4000
        176          6       5000
        176          6       6000

多表插入语句的限制条件

 1. 仅仅能对表运行多表插入语句,不能对视图或物化视图运行;
 2. 不能对远端表运行多表插入语句;
 3. 不能使用表集合表达式;
 4. 不能超过999个目标列;
 5. 在RAC环境中或目标表是索引组织表或目标表上建有BITMAP索引时,多表插入语句不能并行运行;
 6. 多表插入语句不支持运行计划稳定性;
 7. 多表插入语句中的子查询不能使用序列。