Description

A power network consists of nodes (power stations, consumers and dispatchers) connected by power transport lines. A node u may be supplied with an amount s(u) >= 0 of power, may produce an amount 0 <= p(u) <= p_max(u) of power, may consume an amount 0 <= c(u) <= min(s(u),c_max(u)) of power, and may deliver an amount d(u)=s(u)+p(u)-c(u) of power. The following restrictions apply: c(u)=0 for any power station, p(u)=0 for any consumer, and p(u)=c(u)=0 for any dispatcher. There is at most one power transport line (u,v) from a node u to a node v in the net; it transports an amount 0 <= l(u,v) <= l_max(u,v) of power delivered by u to v. Let Con=Σ_uc(u) be the power consumed in the net. The problem is to compute the maximum value of Con. 

An example is in figure 1. The label x/y of power station u shows that p(u)=x and p_max(u)=y. The label x/y of consumer u shows that c(u)=x and c_max(u)=y. The label x/y of power transport line (u,v) shows that l(u,v)=x and l_max(u,v)=y. The power consumed is Con=6. Notice that there are other possible states of the network but the value of Con cannot exceed 6. 

Input

Output

Sample Input

2 1 1 2 (0,1)20 (1,0)10 (0)15 (1)20
7 2 3 13 (0,0)1 (0,1)2 (0,2)5 (1,0)1 (1,2)8 (2,3)1 (2,4)7
         (3,5)2 (3,6)5 (4,2)7 (4,3)5 (4,5)1 (6,0)5
         (0)5 (1)2 (3)2 (4)1 (5)4

Sample Output

15
6

Hint

题目给出非常多都是废话，特别是符号s(u)，d(u)。Con还有那条公式都别管，混淆视听

难点在于构图

电站p(u)均为源点，用户c(u)均为汇点，中转站当普通点处理

结点和边都有 x/y（流量和容量），这个非常easy使人产生矛盾（由于学习最大流问题是。仅仅有 边 才有流量和容量。可是不难发现，题目所给的例图中有多个源点，多个汇点，多个普通点。仅仅有源点和汇点才标有 x/y，普通点没有标x/y，并且所给出的全部边都有x/y。 这无疑在促使我们对图做一个变形： 建议一个超级源 s。一个超级汇 t，使 s 指向全部源点，并把源点的 容量y 分别作为这些边的 容量，使全部汇点指向 t，并把汇点的容量y分别作为这些边的 容量，然后本来是源点和汇点的点，全部变为普通点。这样就把“多源多汇最大流”变形为“单源单汇最大流”问题。

学习最大流问题时。会发现边上的流量值是给定初始值的，可是这题的输入仅仅有容量，没有流量，非常多人立即感觉到无从入手。

事实上边上的流量初始值为多少都没有所谓，解最大流须要用到的仅仅有容量。

可是一般为了方便起见， 会把全部边的流量初始化为0。这样做有一个最大的优点，就是能够回避 反向弧 的存在，

#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#define maxn 300
#define maxm 100000
#define INF 0x3f3f3f3f
using namespace std;

int head[maxn], cur[maxn], cnt;
int dist[maxn], vis[maxn];
int n, np, nc, m;

struct node{
    int u, v, cap, flow, next;
};

node edge[maxm];

void init(){
    cnt = 0;
    memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
}

void add(int u, int v, int w){
    edge[cnt] = {u, v, w, 0, head[u]};
    head[u] = cnt++;
    edge[cnt] = {v, u, 0, 0, head[v]};
    head[v] = cnt++;
}

void getmap(){
    int u, v, w;
    while(m--){
        scanf(" (%d,%d)%d", &u, &v, &w);//注意有空格
        add(u, v, w);
    }
    while(np--){
        scanf(" (%d)%d", &u, &w);
        add(n, u, w);// n 为源点, 源点和电站连接
    }
    while(nc--){
        scanf(" (%d)%d", &u, &w);
        add(u, n + 1, w); // n + 1 为汇点 ，消费者和汇点连接
    }
}

bool BFS(int st ,int ed){
    queue<int>q;
    memset(vis, 0 ,sizeof(vis));
    memset(dist, -1, sizeof(dist));
    vis[st] = 1;
    dist[st] = 0;
    q.push(st);
    while(!q.empty()){
        int u = q.front();
        q.pop();
        for(int i = head[u]; i != -1; i = edge[i].next){
            node E = edge[i];
            if(!vis[E.v] && E.cap > E.flow){
                vis[E.v] = 1;
                dist[E.v] = dist[u] + 1;
                if(E.v == ed)
                    return true;
                q.push(E.v);
            }
        }
    }
    return false;
}

int DFS(int x, int ed, int a){
    if(x == ed || a == 0)
        return a;
    int flow = 0, f;
    for(int &i = cur[x]; i != -1; i = edge[i].next){
        node &E = edge[i];
        if(dist[E.v] == dist[x] + 1 && (f = DFS(E.v, ed, min(a, E.cap - E.flow))) > 0){
            E.flow += f;
            edge[i ^ 1].flow -= f;
            a -= f;
            flow += f;
            if(a == 0)
                break;
        }
    }
    return flow;
}

int maxflow(int st, int ed){
    int flowsum = 0;
    while(BFS(st,ed)){
        memcpy(cur, head, sizeof(head));
        flowsum += DFS(st, ed, INF);
    }
    return flowsum;
}

int main (){
    while(scanf("%d%d%d%d", &n, &np, &nc, &m) != EOF){
        init();
        getmap();
        printf("%d\n", maxflow(n, n + 1));
    }
    return 0;
}