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Android procrank , showmap 内存分析

需要root权限同时要支持以下命令的Android工程机

1:root@android:/ # procrank  查看所有进程的内存信息包括:PID      Vss      Rss      Pss      Uss  cmdline

root@android:/ # procrank                                                      
warning: could not create process interface for 32099
  PID      Vss      Rss      Pss      Uss  cmdline
17690   75152K   75020K   40491K   38024K  com.dianxinos.optimizer.channel
13968  124792K   61864K   35726K   34372K  com.dianxinos.optimizer.channel
 1516   65052K   64940K   29661K   27076K  android.process.acore
 1322   88028K   65764K   29581K   26156K  system_server
 1417   68320K   63892K   28635K   25820K  com.android.systemui
 1757   55040K   54960K   21176K   19084K  com.qihoo360.mobilesafe_mtk6573
12294   45208K   45096K   13238K   11220K  android.process.acore
29904   44984K   44896K   12227K   10316K  com.dianxinos.optimizer.engine.demo:service
29819   61032K   44624K   11772K    9808K  com.dianxinos.optimizer.engine.demo
13284   40556K   40448K    9823K    8472K  com.qihoo.appstore
 1499   40036K   39940K    9095K    7700K  com.android.phone
 1478   39988K   39880K    8998K    7588K  com.cootek.smartinputv5
12497   36860K   36736K    6975K    5844K  android.process.media
12910   36420K   36336K    6754K    5640K  com.cnnet.fknjjzw
25083   36772K   36640K    6413K    5180K  com.google.process.gapps
26667   36660K   36512K    6323K    5008K  com.qihoo.browser
 1297   40400K   40240K    5366K    2804K  zygote
30870   34424K   34284K    4495K    3264K  com.android.contacts
31078   34304K   34164K    4338K    3188K  com.android.providers.calendar
11595   33692K   33552K    4064K    2796K  net.qihoo.launcher.widget.clockweather:WeatherService
30623   33720K   33576K    4005K    2748K  com.android.settings
31103   33980K   33836K    3973K    2768K  com.android.calendar

2:root@android:/ # showmap 29904 查看指定Pid的内存具体信息

root@android:/ # showmap 29904
 virtual                     shared   shared  private  private
    size      RSS      PSS    clean    dirty    clean    dirty    # object
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---- ------------------------------
     124      124       17      124        0        0        0    3 /data/app/com.dianxinos.optimizer.engine.demo-2.apk
    1400      708      351      676        0       32        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/data@app@com.dianxinos.optimizer.engine.demo-2.apk@classes.dex
     328      148       15      148        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@android.policy.jar@classes.dex
    1348       32        1       32        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@apache-xml.jar@classes.dex
     956      344       54      344        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@bouncycastle.jar@classes.dex
       4        4        0        4        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@com.qrd.plugin.feature_query.jar@classes.dex
       8        8        0        8        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@com.qrdinside.impl.jar@classes.dex
      24        8        0        8        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@core-junit.jar@classes.dex
    3288     1372       68     1372        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@core.jar@classes.dex
    1460       96        5       96        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@ext.jar@classes.dex
     316       16        0       16        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@filterfw.jar@classes.dex
   11476     4616      316     4588       20        8        0   11 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@framework.jar@classes.dex
    2208       48        2       48        0        0        0    1 /data/dalvik-cache/system@framework@services.jar@classes.dex
      64       40        0        0       40        0        0    1 /dev/__properties__ (deleted)
      24        4        2        0        4        0        0    1 /dev/ashmem/InputChannel 41a89fb0 com.dianxinos.optimizer.engine.demo/com.dianxinos.optimizer.engine.demo.antispam.AntiSpamActi
       4        4        0        4        0        0        0    1 /dev/ashmem/SurfaceFlinger read-only heap (deleted)
    8192     2864      249        0     2712        0      152    4 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-LinearAlloc (deleted)
    2048        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-bitmap-1 (deleted)
    2048      220      220        0        0        0      220    1 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-bitmap-2 (deleted)
    1028      128      128        0        0        0      128    1 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-card-table (deleted)
  131072    16136     7117        0     9356        0     6780    3 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-heap (deleted)
    1024       96       96        0        0        0       96    1 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-jit-code-cache (deleted)
   43692        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /dev/ashmem/dalvik-mark-stack (deleted)
    1016        4        4        0        0        4        0    1 /dev/binder
      12        8        0        4        4        0        0    2 /system/bin/app_process
      36       24        4       20        0        0        4    2 /system/bin/linker
     360       24        3       24        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidNaskh-Regular.ttf
      16       12        1       12        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidSansArmenian.ttf
     224       16        2       16        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidSansEthiopic-Regular.ttf
    5176      764      147      748        0       16        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidSansFallback.ttf
      24       12        1       12        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidSansGeorgian.ttf
      32       16        4       16        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidSansHebrew-Bold.ttf
      32       16        2       16        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidSansHebrew-Regular.ttf
      36       16        2       16        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/DroidSansThai.ttf
     140        8        1        8        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/Lohit-Bengali.ttf
      64       16        2       16        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/Lohit-Devanagari.ttf
      68        8        1        8        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/Lohit-Tamil.ttf
      80       12        3       12        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/Roboto-Bold.ttf
      80       16        2       16        0        0        0    1 /system/fonts/Roboto-Regular.ttf
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/android.policy.jar
       8        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/apache-xml.jar
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/bouncycastle.jar
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/com.qrd.plugin.feature_query.jar
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/com.qrdinside.impl.jar
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/core-junit.jar
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/core.jar
      64        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/ext.jar
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/filterfw.jar
     944      212       25      212        0        0        0    2 /system/framework/framework-res.apk
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/framework.jar
       4        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/framework/services.jar
      20       20        9       12        0        0        8    2 /system/lib/hw/gralloc.msm7627a.so
     152       80        5       52       24        0        4    3 /system/lib/libEGL.so
      12        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libETC1.so
      24       16        0        8        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libGLESv1_CM.so
      20       16        0        8        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libGLESv2.so
     128       84        2       72       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libGLESv2_dbg.so
      24       20        0       12        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libQcomUI.so
     640      272      132      124       20        0      128    3 /system/lib/libRS.so
      56       52        1       40       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libandroid.so
     704      616       24      568       44        0        4    2 /system/lib/libandroid_runtime.so
    4276      796       27      576      220        0        0    3 /system/lib/libbcc.so
     844      220        7      204       16        0        0    2 /system/lib/libbcinfo.so
     164      156        7      128       24        0        4    2 /system/lib/libbinder.so
      12        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libbluedroid.so
     320      228       19      188       24        0       16    3 /system/lib/libc.so
     124      120        3       96       24        0        0    2 /system/lib/libcamera_client.so
    2472     1040       35      964       76        0        0    3 /system/lib/libchromium_net.so
       8        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libcnefeatureconfig.so
     816      476       14      400       76        0        0    3 /system/lib/libcrypto.so
     120       44        5       36        4        0        4    3 /system/lib/libcutils.so
     300       56        1       48        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libdbus.so
      92       84        2       68       16        0        0    2 /system/lib/libdrmframework.so
     748      640       50      580       44        0       16    3 /system/lib/libdvm.so
      28       20        8        4        8        0        8    3 /system/lib/libemoji.so
      52       12        0        4        8        0        0    3 /system/lib/libexif.so
      80        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libexpat.so
     176       28        0       16       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libflex.so
      16       16        0        8        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libgabi++.so
       8        8        8        0        0        0        8    2 /system/lib/libgenlock.so
      60       56        1       40       16        0        0    2 /system/lib/libgesture_client.so
     216      208       10      168       36        0        4    2 /system/lib/libgui.so
       8        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libhardware.so
      24       12        0        4        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libhardware_legacy.so
     256       52        1       44        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libharfbuzz.so
     140       60        2       48       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libhwui.so
    1168      700       28      672       24        0        4    2 /system/lib/libicui18n.so
     992      692       36      644       36        0       12    3 /system/lib/libicuuc.so
     216       20        0       12        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libjpeg.so
      16       16        0        8        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/liblog.so
      92       52        5       40        8        0        4    3 /system/lib/libm.so
     436      376       19      308       64        0        4    2 /system/lib/libmedia.so
      88       84        2       72       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libmedia_jni.so
      24       24        4       16        4        0        4    2 /system/lib/libmemalloc.so
      76       40        1       28       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libmtp.so
     216      176        5      160       16        0        0    2 /system/lib/libnativehelper.so
      24       12        0        4        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libnetutils.so
       8        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libnfc_ndef.so
     972      112        3       92       20        0        0    3 /system/lib/libnode.so
     112       60        1       48       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libpixelflinger.so
      16       16        0        8        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libpowermanager.so
      12       12        0        4        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libqc-opt.so
       8        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libqrdinside.so
      24       24        0       16        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/librs_jni.so
    1228      836       49      804       24        0        8    3 /system/lib/libskia.so
     336       20        0       12        8        0        0    3 /system/lib/libsonivox.so
     328      304       15      292        8        0        4    2 /system/lib/libsqlite.so
     184      116        3       96       20        0        0    2 /system/lib/libssl.so
    1496      416       14      368       48        0        0    2 /system/lib/libstagefright.so
      52       12        0        4        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libstagefright_amrnb_common.so
      40       16        4        4        8        0        4    3 /system/lib/libstagefright_avc_common.so
       8        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libstagefright_enc_common.so
      44       36        1       28        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libstagefright_foundation.so
      12        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libstagefright_yuv.so
       8        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libstdc++.so
     208       16        4        8        4        0        4    2 /system/lib/libstlport.so
      16       16        0        8        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libtilerenderer.so
      92       80        7       68        8        0        4    2 /system/lib/libui.so
      12        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libusbhost.so
     188      172        8      160        8        0        4    2 /system/lib/libutils.so
    2680      512       17      428       84        0        0    3 /system/lib/libv8.so
     100       20        0        8       12        0        0    2 /system/lib/libvorbisidec.so
    6364     1724       59     1200      524        0        0    3 /system/lib/libwebcore.so
      12       12        0        4        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libwpa_client.so
      96       52        1       44        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libz.so
      36        8        0        0        8        0        0    2 /system/lib/libzipfile.so
   14304      144       10      144        0        0        0    2 /system/usr/icu/icudt46l.dat
     476        0        0        0        0        0        0    1 /system/usr/share/zoneinfo/zoneinfo.dat
    9896     1392      978        0      432        0      960   29 [anon]
    2756     2752     1675        0     1120        0     1632    2 [heap]
    1160       28       24        0        4        0       24    3 [stack]
       4        4        4        0        0        0        4    1 [vectors]
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---- ------------------------------
 virtual                     shared   shared  private  private
    size      RSS      PSS    clean    dirty    clean    dirty    # object
-------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ---- ------------------------------
  280360    44900    12195    18956    15624       60    10260  277 TOTAL

3: VSS/RSS/PSS/USS 的区别

Terms

 

  • VSS - Virtual Set Size 虚拟耗用内存(包含共享库占用的内存)
  • RSS - Resident Set Size 实际使用物理内存(包含共享库占用的内存)
  • PSS - Proportional Set Size实际使用的物理内存(比例分配共享库占用的内存)
  • USS - Unique Set Size进程独自占用的物理内存(不包含共享库占用的内存)

 

一般来说内存占用大小有如下规律:VSS >= RSS >= PSS> = USS

 

Overview

 

The aim of this post is to provide information that will assist in interpreting memory reports from various tools so the true memory usage for Linux processes and the system can be determined.

 

Android has a tool called procrank(/system/xbin/procrank), which lists out the memory usage of Linux processes in order from highest to lowest usage. The sizes reported per process are VSS, RSS, PSS, and USS.

 

For the sake of simplicity in this description, memory will be expressed in terms of pages, rather than bytes. Linux systems like ours manage memory in 4096 byte pages at the lowest level.

 

VSS (reported as VSZ from ps) is the total accessible address space of a process. This size also includes memory that may not be resident in RAM like mallocs that have been allocated but not written to. VSS is of very little use for determing real memory usage of a process.

 

RSS is the total memory actually held in RAM for a process. RSS can be misleading, because it reports the total all of the shared libraries that the process uses, even though a shared library is only loaded into memory once regardless of how many processes use it. RSS is not an accurate representation of the memory usage for a single process.

 

PSS differs from RSS in that it reports the proportional size of its shared libraries, i.e. if three processes all use a shared library that has 30 pages, that library will only contribute 10 pages to the PSS that is reported for each of the three processes. PSS is a very useful number because when the PSS for all processes in the system are summed together, that is a good representation for the total memory usage in the system. When a process is killed, the shared libraries that contributed to its PSS will be proportionally distributed to the PSS totals for the remaining processes still using that library. In this way PSS can be slightly misleading, because when a process is killed, PSS does not accurately represent the memory returned to the overall system.

 

USS is the total private memory for a process, i.e. that memory that is completely unique to that process. USS is an extremely useful number because it indicates the true incremental cost of running a particular process. When a process is killed, the USS is the total memory that is actually returned to the system. USS is the best number to watch when initially suspicious of memory leaks in a process.

 

For systems that have Python available, there is also a nice tool called smem that will report memory statistics including all of these categories.

4:通过Android系统提供的Runtime类,执行adb 命令(top,procrank,ps...等命令)查询

通过对执行结果的标准控制台输出进行解析。这样大大的扩展了Android查询功能.例如:
final Process m_process = Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/bin/top -n 1");
final StringBuilder sbread = new StringBuilder();
BufferedReader bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(m_process.getInputStream()), 8192);

# procrank
Runtime.getRuntime().exec("/system/xbin/procrank");

 

5:android.os.Debug查询PSS,VSS,USS等单个进程使用内存信息

MemoryInfo[] memoryInfoArray = am.getProcessMemoryInfo(pids);
MemoryInfo pidMemoryInfo=memoryInfoArray[0];
pidMemoryInfo.getTotalPrivateDirty();
//Return total private dirty memory usage in kB. USS

 

6:root@android:/ # cat /proc/meminfo

使用adb shell cat /proc/meminfo 命令,查看剩余的空间还有多少,通常的系统剩余空间是: MemFree + cached

 

      如下看到的系统剩余空间是:5616K + 158632K

 

        cat proc/meminfo
          MemTotal:         483724 kB
          MemFree:            5616 kB
          Buffers:            2732 kB
          Cached:           158632 kB
          SwapCached:            0 kB
          Active:           277336 kB
          Inactive:          83232 kB
         Active(anon):     197452 kB

 

       需要注意的是,在setting->apps->running app里面看到的剩余空间是上述MemFree + cached + background running app memory - SECOND_SERVER_MEM,具体的计算方法参考:RunningProcessView.java(/alps/package/apps /settings/src/com/android/setting/applications)里面的void refreshUi(boolean dataChanged)函数
root@android:/ # cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal:         835616 kB
MemFree:          251068 kB
Buffers:           42128 kB
Cached:           218088 kB
SwapCached:            0 kB
Active:           402312 kB
Inactive:         116296 kB
Active(anon):     261152 kB
Inactive(anon):      300 kB
Active(file):     141160 kB
Inactive(file):   115996 kB
Unevictable:        2728 kB
Mlocked:               0 kB
HighTotal:        121856 kB
HighFree:            416 kB
LowTotal:         713760 kB
LowFree:          250652 kB
SwapTotal:             0 kB
SwapFree:              0 kB
Dirty:                40 kB
Writeback:             0 kB
AnonPages:        261132 kB
Mapped:            66860 kB
Shmem:               348 kB
Slab:              23940 kB
SReclaimable:      13876 kB
SUnreclaim:        10064 kB
KernelStack:        5296 kB
PageTables:         8652 kB
NFS_Unstable:          0 kB
Bounce:                0 kB
WritebackTmp:          0 kB
CommitLimit:      417808 kB
Committed_AS:    3873120 kB
VmallocTotal:     196608 kB
VmallocUsed:      163088 kB
VmallocChunk:      11204 kB

 

7:

vmstat

[root@localhost ~]# vmstat -n 3       (每个3秒刷新一次)
procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- --system-- ----cpu----
r b   swpd   free   buff cache   si   so    bi    bo   in    cs us sy id wa
1 0    144 186164 105252 2386848    0    0    18   166   83     2 48 21 31 0
2 0    144 189620 105252 2386848    0    0     0   177 1039 1210 34 10 56 0
0 0    144 214324 105252 2386848    0    0     0    10 1071   670 32 5 63 0
0 0    144 202212 105252 2386848    0    0     0   189 1035   558 20 3 77 0
2 0    144 158772 105252 2386848    0    0     0   203 1065 2832 70 14 15 0
vmstat所带参数请用man vmstat查看
Procs
r: 等待运行的进程数 b: 处在非中断睡眠状态的进程数 w: 被交换出去的可运行的进程数。此数由 linux 计算得出,但 linux 并不耗尽交换空间
Memory
swpd: 虚拟内存使用情况,单位:KB
free: 空闲的内存,单位KB
buff: 被用来做为缓存的内存数,单位:KB
Swap
si: 从磁盘交换到内存的交换页数量,单位:KB/秒
so: 从内存交换到磁盘的交换页数量,单位:KB/秒
IO
bi: 发送到块设备的块数,单位:块/秒
bo: 从块设备接收到的块数,单位:块/秒
System
in: 每秒的中断数,包括时钟中断
cs: 每秒的环境(上下文)切换次数
CPU
按 CPU 的总使用百分比来显示
us: CPU 使用时间
sy: CPU 系统使用时间
id: 闲置时间
准测
r,b≈0,
如果fre,将会出现连续不断的页面调度,将导致系统性能问题。
对于page列,re,pi,po,cy维持于比较稳定的状态,PI率不超过5,如果有pagin发生,那么关联页面必须先进行pageout
在内存相对紧张的环境下pagein会强制对不同的页面进行steal操作。如果系统正在读一个大批的永久页面,你也许可以看到po和pi列

会出现不一致的增长,这种情景并不一定表明系统负载过重,但是有必要对应用程序的数据访问模式进行见检查。在稳定的情况下,扫描率和重置率几乎相等,在
多个进程处理使用不同的页面的情况下,页面会更加不稳定和杂乱,这时扫描率可能会比重置率高出。
faults列,in,sy,cs会不断跳跃,这里没有明确的限制,唯一的就是这些值最少大于100
cpu列,us,sys,id和wa也是不确定的,最理想的状态是使cpu处于100%工作状态,单这只适合单用户的情况下。
如果在多用户环境中us+sys》80,进程就会在运行队列中花费等待时间,响应时间和吞吐量就会下降。wa>40表明磁盘io没有也许存在不合理的平衡,或者对磁盘操作比较频繁,
vmstat各项:
procs:
r-->
在运行队列中等待的进程数
b-->在等待io的进程数

w-->可以进入运行队列但被替换的进程

memoy
swap-->现时可用的交换内存(k表示)

free-->空闲的内存(k表示)

pages
re--》回收的页面

mf--》非严重错误的页面

pi--》进入页面数(k表示)

po--》出页面数(k表示)

fr--》空余的页面数(k表示)

de--》提前读入的页面中的未命中数

sr--》通过时钟算法扫描的页面

disk 显示每秒的磁盘操作。 s表示scsi盘,0表示盘号

fault 显示每秒的中断数

in--》设备中断

sy--》系统中断

cy--》cpu交换

cpu 表示cpu的使用状态

cs--》用户进程使用的时间

sy--》系统进程使用的时间

id--》cpu空闲的时间

如果 r经常大于 4 ,且id经常少于40,表示cpu的负荷很重。

如果pi,po 长期不等于0,表示内存不足。

如果disk 经常不等于0, 且在 b中的队列 大于3, 表示 io性能不好。

Linux在具有高稳定性、可靠性的同时,具有很好的可伸缩性和扩展性,能够针对不同的应用和硬件环境调整,优化出满足当前应用需要的最佳性能。因此企业在维护Linux系统、进行系统调优时,了解系统性能分析工具是至关重要的。
  在Linux下有很多系统性能分析工具,比较常见的有top、free、ps、time、timex、uptime等。下文将介绍几个较为重要的性能分析工具vmstat、iostat和sar及其使用。
  用vmstat监视内存使用情况

  vmstat是Virtual Meomory Statistics(虚拟内存统计)的缩写,可对操作系统的虚拟内存、进程、CPU活动进行监视。它是对系统的整体情况进行统计,不足之处是无法对某个进程进行深入分析。

  vmstat的语法如下:


  vmstat [-V] [-n] [delay [count]]
  其中,-V表示打印出版本信息;-n表示在周期性循环输出时,输出的头部信息仅显示一次;delay是两次输出之间的延迟时间;count是指按照这个时间间隔统计的次数。对于vmstat输出各字段的含义,可运行man vmstat查看

root@android:/ # procrank