Python 3.4

注释
    # this is a comment


print
    print(format(input, format_string))
    print(‘the story be about {0}, {1} and {other}‘.format(‘apple‘, ‘monkey‘, other=‘cc‘))
    print(‘the story be about {0} and {1}‘.format(‘apple‘, ‘monkey‘))
    print(‘\n‘)
    print x,y
    print("""
            this is multiple lines
            second line
    """)


    table = {‘Sjoerd‘: 4127, ‘Jack‘: 4098, ‘Dcab‘: 7678}
    for name, phone in table.items():
        print(‘{0:10} ==> {1:10d}‘.format(name, phone))


字符串
    word = "123456"
    word[0] # 1
    word[-1] #6
    word[0:2] #12
    word = (‘aa‘
            ‘bb‘)


数组
    squares = [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
    squares[0] # 1
    squares + [11,22] # [1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 11, 22]
    letters = [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘, ‘d‘, ‘e‘, ‘f‘, ‘g‘]
    letters[2:5] = [‘C‘, ‘D‘, ‘E‘] # [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘C‘, ‘D‘, ‘E‘, ‘f‘, ‘g‘]
    letters[2:5] = [] # [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘f‘, ‘g‘]
    letters[:] = [] # []
    len(letters) # 4


    # 多维数组
    a = [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘]
    n = [1, 2, 3]
    x = [a, n]  # [[‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘], [1, 2, 3]]
    x[0]        # [‘a‘, ‘b‘, ‘c‘]
    x[0][1]     # ‘b‘


    for i, v in enumerate([‘tic‘, ‘tac‘, ‘toe‘]):
        print(i, v)


    questions = [‘name‘, ‘quest‘, ‘favorite color‘]
    answers = [‘lancelot‘, ‘the holy grail‘, ‘blue‘]
    for q, a in zip(questions, answers):
        print(‘What is your {0}?  It is {1}.‘.format(q, a))


元组
    不可改其内的值
    t1=("a", 11, "aa")
    t2=("ab", 1, "dfdf")


字典
    map = {"voltage": "four million", "state": "bleedin‘ demised"}
    map[‘voltage‘]
    list(map.keys())
    ‘voltage‘ in map
    dict([‘a‘, 1],[‘b‘, 2])
    dict(a=1, b=2)


    knights = {‘gallahad‘: ‘the pure‘, ‘robin‘: ‘the brave‘}
    for k, v in knights.items():
        print(k, v)




条件控制
    while condition:
        block


    if condition:
        block
    elif condition2:
        block
    else:
        block


    words = [1,2,3]
    for w in words
        block


    for i in range(5):
        block


    range(start, end, step)
    range(0, 10, 3)


    break, continue


函数定义
    def ask_ok(prompt, retries=4, complaint=‘Yes or no, please!‘):
        while True:
            ok = input(prompt)
            if ok in (‘y‘, ‘ye‘, ‘yes‘):
                return True
            if ok in (‘n‘, ‘no‘, ‘nop‘, ‘nope‘):
                return False
            retries = retries - 1
            if retries < 0:
                raise OSError(‘uncooperative user‘)
            print(complaint)


Lambda表达式
    def make_incrementor(n):
        return lambda x: x + n


    f = make_incrementor(42)
    f(0) # 42
    f(1) # 43


解包范围
    list(range(3, 6))  # [3,4,5]
    args = [3,6]
    list(range(*args))


函数文档
    print(my_function.__doc__)       


函数 annotation
    def f(ham: 42, eggs: int = ‘spam‘) -> "Nothing to see here":
        print("Annotations:", f.__annotations__)
        print("Arguments:", ham, eggs)
    f(‘wonderful‘)


modules
    import test.python.lesson1.fibo
    fib = test.python.lesson1.fibo.fib


    from test.python.lesson1.fibo import fib, fib2


输入、输出
    print()


类
    self : 对象自己, 默认参数，实例化不需要传递
    c = MyClass()


    继承、多重继承

python 基础