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函数nvl,nvl2,nullif,coalesce

NVL: Converts a null value to an actual value
NVL2:If expr1 is not null, NVL2 returns expr2. If expr1 is null, NVL2 returns expr3. The argument expr1 can have any data type.
NULLIF:Compares two expressions and returns null if they are equal; returns the first expression if they are not equal
COALESCE:Returns the first non-null expression in the expression list.

nvl(COMMISSION_PCT,0)
如果第一个参数为null,则返回第二个参数
如果第一个参数为非null,则返回第一个参数

SQL> select * from emp;     EMPNO ENAME      JOB              MGR HIREDATE                   SAL       COMM     DEPTNO---------- ---------- --------- ---------- ------------------- ---------- ---------- ----------      7369 SMITH      CLERK           7902 1980-12-17 00:00:00        800                    20      7499 ALLEN      SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-20 00:00:00       1600        300         30      7521 WARD       SALESMAN        7698 1981-02-22 00:00:00       1250        500         30      7566 JONES      MANAGER         7839 1981-04-02 00:00:00       2975                    20      7654 MARTIN     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-28 00:00:00       1250       1400         30      7698 BLAKE      MANAGER         7839 1981-05-01 00:00:00       2850                    30      7782 CLARK      MANAGER         7839 1981-06-09 00:00:00       2450                    10      7788 SCOTT      ANALYST         7566 1987-04-19 00:00:00       3000                    20      7839 KING       PRESIDENT            1981-11-17 00:00:00       5000                    10      7844 TURNER     SALESMAN        7698 1981-09-08 00:00:00       1500          0         30      7876 ADAMS      CLERK           7788 1987-05-23 00:00:00       1100                    20      7900 JAMES      CLERK           7698 1981-12-03 00:00:00        950                    30      7902 FORD       ANALYST         7566 1981-12-03 00:00:00       3000                    20      7934 MILLER     CLERK           7782 1982-01-23 00:00:00       1300                    10      1111 rusky      clerk           7698                                       111         20已选择15行。SQL> select nvl(comm,0) from emp;NVL(COMM,0)-----------          0        300        500          0       1400          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0          0        111已选择15行。SQL>

NVL2(COMMISSION_PCT,‘SAL_COMM‘,‘SAL‘)
如果第一个参数为null,则返回第三个参数
如果第一个参数为非null,则返回第二个参数

(例:如果奖金为空,则返回工资,如果奖金非空,则返回奖金与工资总和)

SQL> select nvl2(comm,comm+nvl(sal,0),nvl(sal,0)) from emp;NVL2(COMM,COMM+NVL(SAL,0),NVL(SAL,0))-------------------------------------                                  800                                 1900                                 1750                                 2975                                 2650                                 2850                                 2450                                 3000                                 5000                                 1500                                 1100                                  950                                 3000                                 1300                                  111已选择15行。

nullif(expr1,expr2)

如果两个参数值相等,则返回 null
如果两个参数不等,则返回第一个表达式值

SQL> select nullif(to_char(hiredate,YYYY),1981) from emp;NULL----1980198719871982已选择15行。SQL>

COALESCE(EXPR1,EXPR2,EXPR3...EXPRn)
从左往右数,遇到第一个非null值,则返回该非null值。多层判断

SQL> select coalesce(sal+comm,sal+nvl(comm,0),nvl(sal,0)+nvl(comm,0)) from emp;COALESCE(SAL+COMM,SAL+NVL(COMM,0),NVL(SAL,0)+NVL(COMM,0))---------------------------------------------------------                                                      800                                                     1900                                                     1750                                                     2975                                                     2650                                                     2850                                                     2450                                                     3000                                                     5000                                                     1500                                                     1100                                                      950                                                     3000                                                     1300                                                      111已选择15行。SQL>

函数nvl,nvl2,nullif,coalesce