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处理数据

2024-09-16 21:02:16   215人阅读

这个教练是你的好朋友，他记录了四个人的跑步十个跑步时间在四个文件里面

james.txt ,julie.txt,mikey.txt,sarah.txt

 2-34,3:21,2.34,2.45,3.01,2:01,2:01,3:10,2-22

2.59,2.11,2:11,2:23,3-10,2-23,3:10,3.21,3-21

2:22,3.01,3:01,3.02,3:02,3.02,3:22,2.49,2:38

2:58,2.58,2:39,2-25,2-55,2:54,2.18,2:55,2:55

写一个脚本为这四个文件创建一个列表并且在屏幕上面显示出来

vim chapter5-1.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
with open(‘james.txt‘) as jaf:          #打开文件       
        data = http://www.mamicode.com/jaf.readline()           #读取第一行>

执行输出

[root@VPN chapter5]# python chapter5-1.py
[‘2-34‘, ‘3:21‘, ‘2.34‘, ‘2.45‘, ‘3.01‘, ‘2:01‘, ‘2:01‘, ‘3:10‘, ‘2-22‘]
[‘2.59‘, ‘2.11‘, ‘2:11‘, ‘2:23‘, ‘3-10‘, ‘2-23‘, ‘3:10‘, ‘3.21‘, ‘3-21‘]
[‘2:22‘, ‘3.01‘, ‘3:01‘, ‘3.02‘, ‘3:02‘, ‘3.02‘, ‘3:22‘, ‘2.49‘, ‘2:38‘]
[‘2:58‘, ‘2.58‘, ‘2:39‘, ‘2-25‘, ‘2-55‘, ‘2:54‘, ‘2.18‘, ‘2:55‘, ‘2:55‘]

下面想要把时间按升序排列

在Python里面排序有两种方法

1，原地排序

>>> data = http://www.mamicode.com/[6,3,1,2,4,5]
>>> data.sort()
>>> data
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

2，复制排序

>>> data
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
>>> data = http://www.mamicode.com/[6,3,1,2,4,5]
>>> data
[6, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5]
>>> data2 = sorted(data)
>>> data
[6, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5]
>>> data2
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]

修改以上源代码

vim chapter5-2.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
with open(‘james.txt‘) as jaf:          #打开文件       
        data = http://www.mamicode.com/jaf.readline()           #读取第一行>

　　执行

[root@VPN chapter5]# python chapter5-2.py
[‘2-22‘, ‘2-34‘, ‘2.34‘, ‘2.45‘, ‘2:01‘, ‘2:01‘, ‘3.01‘, ‘3:10‘, ‘3:21‘]
[‘2-23‘, ‘2.11‘, ‘2.59‘, ‘2:11‘, ‘2:23‘, ‘3-10‘, ‘3-21‘, ‘3.21‘, ‘3:10‘]
[‘2.49‘, ‘2:22‘, ‘2:38‘, ‘3.01‘, ‘3.02‘, ‘3.02‘, ‘3:01‘, ‘3:02‘, ‘3:22‘]
[‘2-25‘, ‘2-55‘, ‘2.18‘, ‘2.58‘, ‘2:39‘, ‘2:54‘, ‘2:55‘, ‘2:55‘, ‘2:58‘]

观察排序第四行2-25排序到2.18前面了，只不符合我们的需求

是因为数据格式不统一导致分割符需要统一

光是分隔符还远远不够，因为分割后会把所有成绩成为字符串来保存，Python

可以对字符串进行排序。短横在点号前面点号在冒号前面，教练数据中的这种

不一致性导致的排序失败

 

下面创建一个函数名为sanitize（），这个函数从各个选手的列表接收一个字符串作为

输入，然后处理这些字符串。把所有的横线和冒号转换成点，如果已经包含点则不处理

定义函数然后使用函数处理字符串，把字符串里面包含的-和：全部转换成.

vim chapter5-3.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
def sanitize(time_string):              #定义函数
        if ‘-‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘-‘
        elif ‘:‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘:‘          #检查字符串是否有:和-
        else:
                return(time_string)
        (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter)       #分解字符串抽出分和秒
#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
def sanitize(time_string):              #定义函数
        if ‘-‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘-‘
        elif ‘:‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘:‘          #检查字符串是否有:和-
        else:
                return(time_string)
        (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter)       #分解字符串抽出分和秒
        return(mins + ‘.‘ + secs)
with open(‘james.txt‘) as jaf:          #打开文件       
        data = http://www.mamicode.com/jaf.readline()           #读取第一行>

　　执行

[root@VPN chapter5]# python chapter5-3.py
[‘2.01‘, ‘2.01‘, ‘2.22‘, ‘2.34‘, ‘2.34‘, ‘2.45‘, ‘3.01‘, ‘3.10‘, ‘3.21‘]
[‘2.11‘, ‘2.11‘, ‘2.23‘, ‘2.23‘, ‘2.59‘, ‘3.10‘, ‘3.10‘, ‘3.21‘, ‘3.21‘]
[‘2.22‘, ‘2.38‘, ‘2.49‘, ‘3.01‘, ‘3.01‘, ‘3.02‘, ‘3.02‘, ‘3.02‘, ‘3.22‘]
[‘2.18‘, ‘2.25‘, ‘2.39‘, ‘2.54‘, ‘2.55‘, ‘2.55‘, ‘2.55‘, ‘2.58‘, ‘2.58‘]

输出了正确的排序

 

但是以上方法会有太多的列表以及迭代，代码会重复。Python提供了一个工具转换列表

看一下例子

>>> mins = [1,2,3]
>>> secs = [m*60 for m in mins]
>>> secs
[60, 120, 180]

分钟转换成秒

lower = ["I","am","liuyueming"]

upper = [s.upper() for s in lower]

>>> upper
[‘I‘, ‘AM‘, ‘LIUYUEMING‘]

所有字母转换成大写

修改代码改成列表推算的方法

vim chapter5-4.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
def sanitize(time_string):              #定义函数
        if ‘-‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘-‘
        elif ‘:‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘:‘          #检查字符串是否有:和-
        else:
                return(time_string)
        (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter)       #分解字符串抽出分和秒
        return(mins + ‘.‘ + secs)
with open(‘james.txt‘) as jaf:          #打开文件       
        data = http://www.mamicode.com/jaf.readline()           #读取第一行>

　　运行结果是一样的但是代码精简了不少

但是教练想要的结果是去除相同的数据然后取出排名前三的数据

vim chapter5-5.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
def sanitize(time_string):		#定义函数
	if ‘-‘ in time_string:						
		splitter = ‘-‘
	elif ‘:‘ in time_string:	
		splitter = ‘:‘		#检查字符串是否有:和-
	else:
		return(time_string)
	(mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter)	#分解字符串抽出分和秒
	return(mins + ‘.‘ + secs)	
with open(‘james.txt‘) as jaf:		#打开文件	
	data = http://www.mamicode.com/jaf.readline()		#读取第一行>

　　

[root@VPN chapter5]# python chapter5-5.py
[‘2.01‘, ‘2.22‘, ‘2.34‘]
[‘2.11‘, ‘2.23‘, ‘2.59‘]
[‘2.22‘, ‘2.38‘, ‘2.49‘]
[‘2.18‘, ‘2.25‘, ‘2.39‘]

 

去除了排序以后重复的数据然后取出前三的数据了

这里使用了一个逻辑新建一个列表来存储去重的数据，有没有办法直接去重呢

python提供了一个内置函数集合来去重

vim chapter5-6.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
def sanitize(time_string):		#定义函数
	if ‘-‘ in time_string:						
		splitter = ‘-‘
	elif ‘:‘ in time_string:	
		splitter = ‘:‘		#检查字符串是否有:和-
	else:
		return(time_string)
	(mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter)	#分解字符串抽出分和秒
	return(mins + ‘.‘ + secs)	
with open(‘james.txt‘) as jaf:		#打开文件	
	data = http://www.mamicode.com/jaf.readline()		#读取第一行>

[root@VPN chapter5]# python chapter5-6.py
[‘2.01‘, ‘2.22‘, ‘2.34‘]
[‘2.11‘, ‘2.23‘, ‘2.59‘]
[‘2.22‘, ‘2.38‘, ‘2.49‘]
[‘2.18‘, ‘2.25‘, ‘2.39‘]

输出结果一样但是代码又精简了不少

使用一个函数来代替with

vim chapter5-7.py

#!/usr/bin/python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
def sanitize(time_string):              #定义函数
        if ‘-‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘-‘
        elif ‘:‘ in time_string:
                splitter = ‘:‘          #检查字符串是否有:和-
        else:
                return(time_string)
        (mins,secs) = time_string.split(splitter)       #分解字符串抽出分和秒
        return(mins + ‘.‘ + secs)
def get_coach_data(filename):
        try:
                with open(filename) as f:
                        data = http://www.mamicode.com/f.readline()>

　　输出结果是一样的，代码又精简了不少

[root@VPN chapter5]# python chapter5-7.py
[‘2.01‘, ‘2.22‘, ‘2.34‘]
[‘2.11‘, ‘2.23‘, ‘2.59‘]
[‘2.22‘, ‘2.38‘, ‘2.49‘]
[‘2.18‘, ‘2.25‘, ‘2.39‘]

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