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Linux配置hugepage
对于内存较大的Oracle数据库服务器，配置HugePage是很有必要的，下面是配置Huge的步骤：
我的环境：
OS：CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
Oracle：11.2.0.4 RAC
1. 设置memlock
编辑/etc/security/limits.conf
增加：
* Soft memlock 稍小于RAM值
* hard memlock 稍小于RAM值
Memlock值大于sga没关系的，所以我们可以设置这个值在我们想要的SGA size和物理内存size之间，这个值得单位是kb。
[root@node1 ~]# grep -i memtot /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 132250576 kB
我们物理内存大小126G，因此我可以设置memlock为100G。
在2个节点设置：
[root@node1 ~]# tail -2 /etc/security/limits.conf
* soft memlock 104857600
* hard memlock 104857600
设置完毕后，以Oracle用户登录验证：
node2-> ulimit -l
104857600
2. 禁用AMM特性：
禁用AMM特性需要将memory_max_target, memory_max_target2个参数重置，而不仅仅是设置为0，最好的办法是创建一个pfile,在pfile中将这2个参数删除，再根据这个pfile创建spfile.
主要内存参数设置为：
node1->
node1-> grep target /tmp/init.ora
*.pga_aggregate_target=1572864000
*.sga_target=64424509440
SQL> create spfile from pfile=‘/tmp/init.ora‘;
File created.
SQL> startup force
ORA-27102: out of memory
Linux-x86_64 Error: 28: No space left on device
Additional information: -134217728
Additional information: 1
SQL>
出现这个报错是因为shmall设置的太小。
Shmall表示共享内存的总大小，单位为pagesize的大小。
根据我的配置，最大能支持8G的SGA：
node1-> getconf PAGE_SIZE
4096
node1-> cat /proc/sys/kernel/shmall
2097152
修改shmall并重新启动数据库，修改的方法很简单，编辑/etc/sysctl.conf：
kernel.shmall= 16252928
即可。
修改完毕kernel.shmall，此时可以重启数据库。
SQL> startup nomount pfile=‘/tmp/init.ora‘;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 6.4137E+10 bytes
Fixed Size 2269072 bytes
Variable Size 6979321968 bytes
Database Buffers 5.7043E+10 bytes
Redo Buffers 112762880 bytes
SQL>
SQL>
DB启动后重新创建spfile：
SQL> create spfile=‘+OCR/sszgdb/spfilesszgdb.ora‘ from pfile=‘/tmp/init.ora‘;
File created.
SQL>
3. 根据Oracle的脚本计算hugepage大小（计算时要确保Oracle已经启动），也可自己计算：
Press Enter to proceed...
Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = 30739
node1->
4. 根据脚本的计算值在2个节点编辑/etc/sysctl.conf
加入vm.nr_hugepages = 30739
[root@node2 ~]# grep -i huge /proc/meminfo
AnonHugePages: 602112 kB
HugePages_Total: 30739
HugePages_Free: 30739
HugePages_Rsvd: 0
HugePages_Surp: 0
Hugepagesize: 2048 kB停止数据库实例
5. 重启服务器，一般重启服务器之后DB也自动启动了。服务器和DB重启后可以通过以下命令验证大页的使用情况：
grep -i Hugepages /proc/meminfo
此时查看Oracle的alert日志，也可以发现：
Starting ORACLE instance (normal)
************************ Large Pages Information *******************
Per process system memlock (soft) limit = UNLIMITED
Total Shared Global Region in Large Pages = 58 GB (96%)
Large Pages used by this instance: 29761 (58 GB)
Large Pages unused system wide = 24 (48 MB)
Large Pages configured system wide = 30739 (60 GB)
Large Page size = 2048 KB
RECOMMENDATION:
Total System Global Area size is 60 GB. For optimal performance,
prior to the next instance restart:
1. Increase the number of unused large pages by
at least 936 (page size 2048 KB, total size 1872 MB) system wide to
get 100% of the System Global Area allocated with large pages
可以发现sga并没有全部放在大页里，这样可能对性能带来负面影响，Oracle建议我们再加入936个大页，可见Oracle的大页脚本计算并不准确，我们需要增加大页数量，并设置参数Use_large_pages=only，该参数确保Oracle的共享内存全部使用大页。
再重启DB，此时alert日志：
************************ Large Pages Information *******************
Parameter use_large_pages = ONLY
Per process system memlock (soft) limit = 100 GB
Total Shared Global Region in Large Pages = 60 GB (100%)
Large Pages used by this instance: 30721 (60 GB)
Large Pages unused system wide = 0 (0 KB)
Large Pages configured system wide = 31675 (62 GB)
Large Page size = 2048 KB
可以发现sga全部使用了大页了。
另需确保环境变量DISABLE_HUGETLBFS unset，该变量会禁用Oracle使用Hugepage
附：计算HugePage大小的脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#
# hugepages_settings.sh
#
# Linux bash script to compute values for the
# recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration
#
# Note: This script does calculation for all shared memory
# segments available when the script is run, no matter it
# is an Oracle RDBMS shared memory segment or not.
#
# This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support
# http://support.oracle.com
# Welcome text
echo "
This script is provided by Doc ID 401749.1 from My Oracle Support
(http://support.oracle.com) where it is intended to compute values for
the recommended HugePages/HugeTLB configuration for the current shared
memory segments. Before proceeding with the execution please note following:
* For ASM instance, it needs to configure ASMM instead of AMM.
* The ‘pga_aggregate_target‘ is outside the SGA and
you should accommodate this while calculating SGA size.
* In case you changes the DB SGA size,
as the new SGA will not fit in the previous HugePages configuration,
it had better disable the whole HugePages,
start the DB with new SGA size and run the script again.
And make sure that:
* Oracle Database instance(s) are up and running
* Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not setup
(See Doc ID 749851.1)
* The shared memory segments can be listed by command:
# ipcs -m
Press Enter to proceed..."
read
# Check for the kernel version
KERN=`uname -r | awk -F. ‘{ printf("%d.%d\n",$1,$2); }‘`
# Find out the HugePage size
HPG_SZ=`grep Hugepagesize /proc/meminfo | awk ‘{print $2}‘`
if [ -z "$HPG_SZ" ];then
echo "The hugepages may not be supported in the system where the script is being executed."
exit 1
fi
# Initialize the counter
NUM_PG=0
# Cumulative number of pages required to handle the running shared memory segments
for SEG_BYTES in `ipcs -m | cut -c44-300 | awk ‘{print $1}‘ | grep "[0-9][0-9]*"`
do
MIN_PG=`echo "$SEG_BYTES/($HPG_SZ*1024)" | bc -q`
if [ $MIN_PG -gt 0 ]; then
NUM_PG=`echo "$NUM_PG+$MIN_PG+1" | bc -q`
fi
done
RES_BYTES=`echo "$NUM_PG * $HPG_SZ * 1024" | bc -q`
# An SGA less than 100MB does not make sense
# Bail out if that is the case
if [ $RES_BYTES -lt 100000000 ]; then
echo "***********"
echo "** ERROR **"
echo "***********"
echo "Sorry! There are not enough total of shared memory segments allocated for
HugePages configuration. HugePages can only be used for shared memory segments
that you can list by command:
# ipcs -m
of a size that can match an Oracle Database SGA. Please make sure that:
* Oracle Database instance is up and running
* Oracle Database 11g Automatic Memory Management (AMM) is not configured"
exit 1
fi
# Finish with results
case $KERN in
‘2.2‘) echo "Kernel version $KERN is not supported. Exiting." ;;
‘2.4‘) HUGETLB_POOL=`echo "$NUM_PG*$HPG_SZ/1024" | bc -q`;
echo "Recommended setting: vm.hugetlb_pool = $HUGETLB_POOL" ;;
‘2.6‘) echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
‘3.8‘) echo "Recommended setting: vm.nr_hugepages = $NUM_PG" ;;
esac
# End
Linux配置hugepage