How Tomcat Works - A Simple Servlet Container

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How Tomcat Works - A Simple Servlet Container

2024-11-17 23:41:02 202人阅读

这一章和第一章的区别就是对servlet的支持。我们看下是怎么做的。

1）首先Response和Request这两个类分别实现了ServletResponse和ServletRequest接口，这两个接口和后面用到的Servlet接口都在javax.servlet这个package下面，需要添加servlet-api这个第三方依赖到classpath才能访问，这里用的是servlet-api-2.5。所有新加的方法除了Response.getWriter() 都没有任何处理，因为暂时没有用到。

Response.getWriter():

@Override
public PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException {
     writer = new PrintWriter(output, true);
     return writer;
}

实例化了一个PrintWriter对象，第一个参数就是request的OutputStream，第二个参数表示是否自动flush。

2）对于静态资源请求和servlet请求分别创建了StaticResourceProcessor和ServletProcessor1。

StaticResourceProcessor：

import java.io.IOException;

public class StaticResourceProcessor {


    public void process(Request request, Response response) {
        try {
            response.sendStaticResource();
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

这里比较简单，就是条用response的sendStaticResource这个方法。

ServletProcessor1：

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLClassLoader;
import java.net.URLStreamHandler;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;

public class ServletProcessor1 {


    public void process(Request request, Response response) {
        String uri = request.getUri();
        String servletName = uri.substring(uri.lastIndexOf("/") + 1);
        URLClassLoader loader = null;

        try {
            URL[] urls = new URL[1];
            URLStreamHandler streamHandler = null;

            File classPath = new File(Constants.WEB_ROOT);
            String repository = (new URL("file", null,
                    classPath.getCanonicalPath() + File.separator)).toString();
            urls[0] = new URL(null, repository, streamHandler);
            loader = new URLClassLoader(urls);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }

        Class myClass = null;
        try {
            myClass = loader.loadClass(servletName);
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }

        Servlet servlet = null;
        try {
            servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
            servlet.service(request, response);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }
    }
}

这段代码的主要目的就是通过Request的uri找到对应的Servlet类，通过URLClassLoader从文件加载这个类并通过反射实例化一个Servlet对象，然后通过Servlet对象的service方法处理请求。servlet文件暂时都是放在webroot这个文件夹。所以很明显，目前只能根据uri是否是以/servlet/开头来判断一个请求是否是servlet请求。而且对于每个请求，都必须创建一个Servlet实例。

3）然后修改HttpServer这个类，对于Servlet和静态资源请求使用不同的processor：

    public void await() {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
        int port = 8080;
        try {
            serverSocket = new ServerSocket(port, 1, InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            System.exit(1);
        }

        // Loop waiting for a request
        while (!shutdown) {
            Socket socket = null;
            InputStream input = null;
            OutputStream output = null;
            try {
                socket = serverSocket.accept();
                input = socket.getInputStream();
                output = socket.getOutputStream();
                
                // create chapter1.Request object and parse
                Request request = new Request(input);
                request.parse();

                // create chapter1.Response object
                Response response = new Response(output);
                response.setRequest(request);

                if (request.getUri().startsWith("/servlet/")) {
                    ServletProcessor1 processor = new ServletProcessor1();
                    processor.process(request, response);
                } else {
                    StaticResourceProcessor processor = new StaticResourceProcessor();
                    processor.process(request, response);
                }
                
                // Close the socket
                socket.close();

                //check if the previous URI is a shutdown command
                shutdown = request.getUri().equals(SHUTDOWN_COMMAND);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                continue;
            }
        }
    }

4）在webroot下创建测试用的PrimitiveServlet：

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.Servlet;
import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;


public class PrimitiveServlet implements Servlet {

    
    @Override
    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init");
    }

    @Override
    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("from service");
        PrintWriter out = servletResponse.getWriter();
        out.println("Hello, Roses are red");
        out.print("Violets are blue");
    }

    @Override
    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy");
    }
}

启动HttpServelt访问http://localhost:8080/servlet/PrimitiveServlet 会发现（火狐）浏览器打印出了:

Hello, Roses are red

我们会发现下面这一行：

out.print("Violets are blue");

并没有打印出来，这个问题会在后面解决。

5）使用门面模式隐藏request和response的方法

这部分是讲，我们在调用servelt的时候：

        Servlet servlet = null;
        try {
            servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
            servlet.service(request, response);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }

直接传入了request和response，那么request和response里面一些public但是又不应该被servlet访问的方法可以被访问到。虽然Servlet.service的签名是：

    public void service(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res)
	throws ServletException, IOException;

但是在PrimitiveServlet里面还是可以通过向下转型得到一个Request类型的对象：

    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("from service");
        PrintWriter out = servletResponse.getWriter();
        out.println("Hello, Roses are red");
        out.print("Violets are blue");

        Request request = (Request) servletRequest;
        request.xxx();
        // others
    }

这样Request内部不希望被Servlet访问但是又必须是public的方法就暴露了。所以作者在这里使用门面模式把request和response做了封装，以request为例，新增了RequestFacade：

public class RequestFacade implements ServletRequest {
    
    private ServletRequest request;

    public RequestFacade(ServletRequest request) {
        this.request = request;
    }

    @Override
    public Object getAttribute(String s) {
        return request.getAttribute(s);
    }

    @Override
    public Enumeration getAttributeNames() {
        return request.getAttributeNames();
    }
    
   //.....
}

同样实现了ServletRequest接口，同时内部保留一个Request类型的引用，所有的方法都转发给真正的request。Response也是类似的处理。重构之后的ServletProcessor1:

        Servlet servlet = null;
        RequestFacade requestFacade = new RequestFacade(request);
        ResponseFacade responseFacade = new ResponseFacade(response);
        
        try {
            servlet = (Servlet) myClass.newInstance();
            servlet.service(requestFacade, responseFacade);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            System.out.println(e.toString());
        }

这里传给Servlet.service()的就是Facade了，不必再担心Servlet里面会对request和respone向下转型。

How Tomcat Works - A Simple Servlet Container

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How Tomcat Works - A Simple Servlet Container

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