toto@toto-pc:~/test$ gdb

GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.7.1-0ubuntu5~14.04.2) 7.7.1

Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"

and "show warranty" for details.

This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".

Type "show configuration" for configuration details.

For bug reporting instructions, please see:

<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.

Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:

<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".

Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word".

(gdb) file app

toto@toto-pc:~/test$ gdb app

GNU gdb (Ubuntu 7.7.1-0ubuntu5~14.04.2) 7.7.1

Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>

This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.

There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. Type "show copying"

and "show warranty" for details.

This GDB was configured as "x86_64-linux-gnu".

Type "show configuration" for configuration details.

For bug reporting instructions, please see:

<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/bugs/>.

Find the GDB manual and other documentation resources online at:

<http://www.gnu.org/software/gdb/documentation/>.

For help, type "help".

Type "apropos word" to search for commands related to "word"...

Reading symbols from app...done.

(gdb)

 #include<stdio.h>

  int func(int n) {

     int sum = 0,i;

     for(i = 0;i < n;i++) {

        sum += i;

     }

     return sum;

}

 int main(void)

  {

     int i;

     long result = 0;

     for(i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {

         result += i;

     }

     printf("result[1-100] = %d \n",result);

     printf("result[1-250] = %d \n",func(250));

}

toto/test> gdb tst  <----------启动GDB
GNU gdb 5.1.1
Copyright 2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
GDB is free software, covered by the GNU General Public License, and you are
welcome to change it and/or distribute copies of it under certain conditions.
Type "show copying" to see the conditions.
There is absolutely no warranty for GDB.  Type "show warranty" for details.
This GDB was configured as "i386-suse-linux"...
(gdb) l     <-------------- l命令相当于list，从第一行开始例出原码。
1        #include <stdio.h>
2
3        int func(int n)
4        {
5                int sum=0,i;
6                for(i=0; i<n; i++)
7                {
8                        sum+=i;
9                }
10               return sum;
(gdb)       <-------------------- 直接回车表示，重复上一次命令
11       }
12
13
14       main()
15       {
16               int i;
17               long result = 0;
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
19               {
20                       result += i;   
(gdb) break 16    <-------------------- 设置断点，在源程序第16行处。
Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048496: file tst.c, line 16.
(gdb) break func  <-------------------- 设置断点，在函数func()入口处。
Breakpoint 2 at 0x8048456: file tst.c, line 5.
(gdb) info break  <-------------------- 查看断点信息。
Num Type           Disp Enb Address    What
1   breakpoint     keep y   0x08048496 in main at tst.c:16
2   breakpoint     keep y   0x08048456 in func at tst.c:5
(gdb) r           <--------------------- 运行程序，run命令简写
Starting program: /home/toto/test/test

Breakpoint 1, main () at tst.c:17    <----------在断点处停住。
17               long result = 0;
(gdb) n          <--------------------- 单条语句执行，next命令简写。
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20                       result += i;
(gdb) n
18               for(i=1; i<=100; i++)
(gdb) n
20                       result += i;
(gdb) c          <--------------------- 继续运行程序，continue命令简写。
Continuing.
result[1-100] = 5050       <----------程序输出。

Breakpoint 2, func (n=250) at tst.c:5
5                int sum=0,i;
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p i        <--------------------- 打印变量i的值，print命令简写。
$1 = 134513808
(gdb) n
8                        sum+=i;
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$2 = 1
(gdb) n
8                        sum+=i;
(gdb) p i
$3 = 2
(gdb) n
6                for(i=1; i<=n; i++)
(gdb) p sum
$4 = 3
(gdb) bt        <--------------------- 查看函数堆栈。
#0  func (n=250) at tst.c:5
#1  0x080484e4 in main () at tst.c:24
#2  0x400409ed in __libc_start_main () from /lib/libc.so.6
(gdb) finish    <--------------------- 退出函数。
Run till exit from #0  func (n=250) at tst.c:5
0x080484e4 in main () at tst.c:24
24              printf("result[1-250] = %d /n", func(250) );
Value returned is $6 = 31375
(gdb) c     <--------------------- 继续运行。
Continuing.
result[1-250] = 31375    <----------程序输出。

Program exited with code 027. <--------程序退出，调试结束。
(gdb) q     <--------------------- 退出gdb。
toto/test>

命令

简写

作用

help

h

按模块列出命令类

help class

查看某一类型的具体命名

list

l

查看代码，可跟行号和函数名

quit

q

退出gdb

run

r

全速运行程序

step

s

逐语句执行，遇到函数，跳到函数内执行

backtrace

bt

查看函数的调用的栈帧和层级关系。

info

i

查看函数内部局部变量的数值

frame

f

切换函数的栈帧

finish

结束当前函数，返回函数调用点

set

设置变量的值

run argv[1] argv[2]

调试时命令行传参

print

p

打印变量和地址

break

b

设置断点，可根据行号和函数名

delete

d

删除断点，d breakpoints NUM

display

设置观察变量

undisplay

取消观察变量

continue

c

继续全速运行剩下的代码

enable breakpoints

启用断点

disable breakpoints

禁用断点

x

查看没存 x/20xw  显示20个单元，16进制，4字节每单元

watch

被设置观察点的变量发生修改时，打印显示。

i watch

现实观察点

core

ulimit –c 1024开启core文件，调试时gdb a.out core