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Android - 向服务器发送数据(GET).

  在此,使用HTTP协议,通过GET请求,向服务器发送请求,这种方式适合于数据量小,数据安全性要求不高的情况下.

一,服务器端,使用Servlet.

  在服务器端,定义一个HttpServlet的子类,以及一个Filter的子类(用于统一编码,防止出现乱码).

package spt.servlet;import java.io.IOException;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;/** * type ‘http://localhost:8080/ReceiveAndroid/ServletForGETMethod?name=juk&pwd=lis‘ * for the browser. */@WebServlet("/ServletForGETMethod")public class ServletForGETMethod extends HttpServlet {	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;	/**	 * @see HttpServlet#HttpServlet()	 */	public ServletForGETMethod() {		super();	}	/**	 * @see HttpServlet#doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse	 *      response)	 */	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {		String name = request.getParameter("name");		String pwd = request.getParameter("pwd");		System.out.println("name:" + name + "   pwd:" + pwd);	}	/**	 * @see HttpServlet#doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse	 *      response)	 */	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {		// TODO Auto-generated method stub	}}

 

package spt.servlet.filter;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;import javax.servlet.Filter;import javax.servlet.FilterChain;import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequestWrapper;//filter all servlets.@WebFilter("/*")public class EncodingFilter  implements Filter {	public void doFilter(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse, FilterChain filterChain) throws IOException, ServletException {		HttpServletRequest httpReq = (HttpServletRequest) servletRequest;		if ("GET".equals(httpReq.getMethod()))			filterChain.doFilter(new HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper(httpReq), servletResponse);		else {			httpReq.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");			filterChain.doFilter(httpReq, servletResponse);		}	}	public void init(FilterConfig filterConfig) throws ServletException {		// TODO Auto-generated method stub	}		/**inner class dealing for ‘GET‘ method.	 * @author Administrator	 *2015-1-27	 */	private class HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper extends HttpServletRequestWrapper {				public HttpServletRequestEncodingWrapper(HttpServletRequest request) {			super(request);		}		@Override		public String getParameter(String name) {			//encode with ‘iso‘, and than decode with ‘utf‘.			String val = super.getRequest().getParameter(name);			if (null != val) {				try {					return new String(val.getBytes("iso8859-1"), "utf-8");				} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {					e.printStackTrace();				}			}			return super.getParameter(name);		}	}	public void destroy() {		// TODO Auto-generated method stub			}}

 在主机(服务器)上,往浏览器中输入‘http://localhost:8080/ReceiveAndroid/ServletForGETMethod?name=juk&pwd=lis‘, 若在控制台打印需要的结果,则表示服务器端的Servlet已经编写好.

二,Android的业务逻辑层类,主要是将业务逻辑独立于Android的Activity.

package spt.http.get.assist;import java.io.IOException;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.MalformedURLException;import java.net.URL;import java.net.URLEncoder;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Map.Entry;import android.os.Handler;/**用户向服务器端发送数据的类. * @author Administrator * */public class SendDataToServer {	private static final int TIME_OUT = 10000; // 超时时间.	// 连接服务器的url.	private static final String URL = "http://192.168.1.101:8080/ReceiveAndroid/ServletForGETMethod";	// 标识是否连接到服务器成功.	public static final int SEND_SUCCESS = 1;	public static final int SEND_FAIL = 0;	private Handler handler = null;	public SendDataToServer(Handler handler) {		this.handler = handler;	}	/**	 * 往服务器发送数据.	 * 	 * @param name	 * @param pwd	 */	public void send(String name, String pwd) {		// 这里params要传递到另外一个方法,加final为了防止被修改.		final Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();		params.put("name", name);		params.put("pwd", pwd);		// 启动新的线程连接服务器.		new Thread(new Runnable() {			@Override			public void run() {				// 使用get请求连接.				try {					if (getSend(params, URL, "utf-8"))						handler.sendEmptyMessage(SEND_SUCCESS);					else						handler.sendEmptyMessage(SEND_FAIL);				} catch (MalformedURLException e) {					e.printStackTrace();				} catch (IOException e) {					e.printStackTrace();				}			}		}).start();	}		/**发送get请求的方法.	 * @param params 请求参数的键-值对.	 * @param url	 * @param encoding 使用指定编码对参数值进行编码.	 * @return	 * @throws MalformedURLException	 * @throws IOException	 */	private boolean getSend(Map<String, String> params, String url,			String encoding) throws MalformedURLException, IOException {		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();		// 向url中添加参数.		sb.append(url).append("?");		for (Entry<String, String> param : params.entrySet()) {			sb.append(param.getKey()).append("=")					.append(URLEncoder.encode(param.getValue(), encoding))					.append("&");		}		if (params.size() > 0)			sb.deleteCharAt(sb.length() - 1); // 去掉末尾的‘&‘.		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) new URL(sb.toString())				.openConnection();		conn.setConnectTimeout(TIME_OUT);		conn.setRequestMethod("GET"); // GET是大小写敏感的.		return conn.getResponseCode() == 200; // 等于200表示发送成功.	}}

 三:Activity类:

package spt.http.get.activity;import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;import spt.http.get.assist.SendDataToServer;import android.app.Activity;import android.os.Bundle;import android.os.Handler;import android.os.Message;import android.view.View;import android.widget.Button;import android.widget.EditText;import android.widget.Toast;public class MainActivity extends Activity {	//view.	private EditText edt_name = null;	private EditText edt_pwd = null;	private Button btn_ok = null;	@Override	protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);		setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);		initView();		initListener();	}		/**	 * 初始化View.	 */	private void initView() {		edt_name = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edt_name);		edt_pwd = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.edt_pwd);		btn_ok = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn_ok);				//test:		edt_name.setText("你好");		edt_pwd.setText("abc");	}		/**使用静态内部类,解决‘This Handler class should be static or leaks might occur‘,以免造成内存泄露.	 * @author Administrator	 *	 */	private static class StatusHandler extends Handler {		WeakReference<MainActivity>  iMainActivity = null;				public StatusHandler(MainActivity mainActivity) {			iMainActivity = new WeakReference<MainActivity>(mainActivity);		}				@Override		public void handleMessage(Message msg) {			switch (msg.what) {			case SendDataToServer.SEND_SUCCESS:				//有iMainActivity.get()和iMainActivity.getClass().				Toast.makeText(iMainActivity.get(), "发送成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();				break;			case SendDataToServer.SEND_FAIL:				Toast.makeText(iMainActivity.get(), "发送失败", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();				break;			default:				throw new RuntimeException("未知的发送结果!");			}		}	}	/**	 * 处理发送是否成功的状态的Handler.	 */	private final  Handler handler = new StatusHandler(this);		/**	 * 初始化监听器.	 */	private void initListener() {		btn_ok.setOnClickListener(new Button.OnClickListener() {						@Override			public void onClick(View v) {				String name = edt_name.getText().toString();				String pwd = edt_pwd.getText().toString();				if(name.isEmpty() || pwd.isEmpty()) {					Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "用户名和密码不能为空", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();					return;				}				new SendDataToServer(handler).send(name, pwd);			}		});	}}

 稍微留意的是,Activity类中的Handler的子类定义为静态类,并保存对Activity的弱引用,防止内存泄露.简略解释在我的博文 Android - This Handler class should be static or leaks might occur. 中.

四, 添加必要权限

  在AndroidManifest.xml中,添加

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />

以对网络的访问.

Android - 向服务器发送数据(GET).