首页 > 代码库 > GUI程序设计3

GUI程序设计3

16. 树(JTree)使用示例

例16.1 创建JTree示例。

package GUI1;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.awt.Container;import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionEvent;import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionListener;import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;import javax.swing.*;public class demoJTree implements TreeSelectionListener {    JFrame jf;    JLabel jl;    Container con;    JTree jt;    JScrollPane jsp;    DefaultMutableTreeNode node,root;        public demoJTree(){        jf = new JFrame("JTree使用示例");        jl = new JLabel();        con = jf.getContentPane();        root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Option");        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");        root.add(node);        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a1"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a2"));        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B");        root.add(node);        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b1"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b2"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b3"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b4"));        jt = new JTree(root);        jt.addTreeSelectionListener(this);        jsp = new JScrollPane(jt);        con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);        con.add(jl, BorderLayout.SOUTH);        jf.setSize(500, 400);        jf.setLocation(300, 200);        jf.setVisible(true);        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);    }    public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {        jl.setText(e.getPath().toString());        }    public static void main(String[] args) {        new demoJTree();    }}

例16.2 在JTree中增加节点示例。

package GUI1;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.awt.Container;import java.awt.FlowLayout;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionEvent;import javax.swing.event.TreeSelectionListener;import javax.swing.tree.DefaultMutableTreeNode;import javax.swing.tree.DefaultTreeModel;import javax.swing.*;public class addNodeInJTree implements TreeSelectionListener,ActionListener {    JFrame jf;    JLabel jl;    JPanel jp;    Container con;    JTree jt;    JScrollPane jsp;        JTextField jtf;    JButton jbtn;    private DefaultMutableTreeNode node,root;    private DefaultTreeModel dtm;        public addNodeInJTree(){        jf = new JFrame("JTree使用示例");        jl = new JLabel();        jp = new JPanel();        jtf = new JTextField();        jtf.setColumns(11);        jbtn = new JButton("增加子节点");        jbtn.addActionListener(this);        con = jf.getContentPane();        root = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("Option");        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("A");        root.add(node);        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a1"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("a2"));        node = new DefaultMutableTreeNode("B");        root.add(node);        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b1"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b2"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b3"));        node.add(new DefaultMutableTreeNode("b4"));        dtm = new DefaultTreeModel(root);        jt = new JTree(dtm);        jt.addTreeSelectionListener(this);        jsp = new JScrollPane(jt);        jp.setLayout(new FlowLayout());        jp.add(jl);        jp.add(jtf);        jp.add(jbtn);        con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);        con.add(jp, BorderLayout.SOUTH);        jf.setSize(500, 400);        jf.setLocation(300, 200);        jf.setVisible(true);        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);    }    DefaultMutableTreeNode rdmt;    public void valueChanged(TreeSelectionEvent e) {        jl.setText(e.getPath().toString());            rdmt = (DefaultMutableTreeNode)jt.getLastSelectedPathComponent();    }    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {        DefaultMutableTreeNode dmt;        if(e.getSource()==jbtn){            dmt = new DefaultMutableTreeNode(jtf.getText());            dtm.insertNodeInto(dmt,rdmt,0);        }            }    public static void main(String[] args) {        new addNodeInJTree();    }}

17. 菜单使用示例

一个完整的菜单通常由3部分构成:菜单条(JMemuBar)、下拉式菜单(JMemu)和菜单项(JMemuItem)。

例17.1 菜单使用示例。

package GUI1;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.awt.Container;import javax.swing.*;public class demoJMenu {    JFrame jf;    JScrollPane jsp;    JTextArea jta;    Container con;    JMenuBar jmb;    JMenu file,edit,format,check,help;    //文件菜单项    JMenuItem newItem,open,save,saveas,page,print,exit;    //编辑菜单项    JMenuItem undo,cut,copy,paste,find,replace,selectall;    //格式菜单项    JMenuItem font;    JCheckBoxMenuItem wrap;    //查看    JMenuItem state;    //帮助    JMenuItem helpItem,about;        public demoJMenu(){        jf = new JFrame("JMenu使用示例");        jta = new JTextArea();        jsp = new JScrollPane(jta);        con = jf.getContentPane();        createMenu();        jf.setJMenuBar(jmb);        con.add(jsp, BorderLayout.CENTER);        jf.setSize(500, 400);        jf.setLocation(300, 200);        jf.setVisible(true);        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);    }    private void createMenu() {        jmb = new JMenuBar();        file = new JMenu("文件");        edit = new JMenu("编辑");        format = new JMenu("格式");        check = new JMenu("查看");        help = new JMenu("帮助");        //文件 newItem,open,save,saveas,page,print,exit        newItem = new JMenuItem("新建");        open = new JMenuItem("打开..");        save = new JMenuItem("保存..");        saveas = new JMenuItem("另存为..");        page = new JMenuItem("页面设置..");        print = new JMenuItem("打印..");        exit = new JMenuItem("退出");        file.add(newItem);        file.add(open);        file.add(save);        file.add(saveas);        file.add(page);        file.add(print);        file.add(edit);        jmb.add(file);        //编辑 undo,cut,copy,paste,find,replace,selectall;        undo = new JMenuItem("撤销");        cut = new JMenuItem("剪切");        copy = new JMenuItem("复制");        paste = new JMenuItem("粘贴");        find = new JMenuItem("查找..");        replace = new JMenuItem("替换..");        selectall = new JMenuItem("全选");        edit.add(undo);        edit.addSeparator();        edit.add(cut);        edit.add(copy);        edit.add(paste);        edit.addSeparator();        edit.add(find);        edit.add(replace);        edit.addSeparator();        edit.add(selectall);        jmb.add(edit);        //格式JMenuItem font;JCheckBoxMenuItem wrap;        wrap = new JCheckBoxMenuItem("自动换行");        font = new JMenuItem("字体");        format.add(wrap);        format.add(font);        jmb.add(format);        //查看JMenuItem state;        state = new JMenuItem("状态栏");        check.add(state);        jmb.add(check);        //帮助JMenuItem helpItem,about;        helpItem = new JMenuItem("帮助主题");        about = new JMenuItem("关于..");        help.add(helpItem);        help.add(about);        jmb.add(help);    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        new demoJMenu();    }}

文字菜单项中间的分隔线采用这样的方法:fileMenu.addSeparator()。

注:可以用数组简化。

最后,讨论一下JPopupMenu的使用。它的创建和JMenu的创建并没有什么不同。只是它不需要加到JMenuBar中,而是需要绑定到某个组件上(例如上例中的JTextArea),这可以使用组件的setComponentPopupMenu(JPopupMenu popup)方法,以后当用户在这个组件上右击时,该菜单将会自动弹出来,这就无需程序员计算菜单显示的位置。

18. 布局管理

18.1 流式布局(FlowLayout)

18.2 边框布局(BorderLayout)

18.3 网格布局(GridLayout)

18.4 卡片布局(CardLayout)

由于一次只能看到一张卡片,而且不能任意地切换卡片,所以CardLayout比较适合分类操作或者是有多个操作步骤、每个步骤有先后关系的情况。当第一步完成后,切换到第二张卡片,然后切换到第三张卡片......典型的例子是程序的安装向导。

注意:如果需要在多张卡片之间来回切换,一般会选择JTablePane,通过它的标签来选择卡片。

例. 模拟一般软件安装过程的卡片布局使用示例。

package GUI1;import java.awt.CardLayout;import java.awt.Container;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import javax.swing.*;public class demoCardLayout implements ActionListener {    JFrame jf;    JPanel jp1,jp2,jp3;    JLabel jl1,jl2,jl3;    JButton nextBtn1,prevBtn1,nextBtn2,prevBtn2,OKBtn;    Container con;    CardLayout cl;        public demoCardLayout(){        jf = new JFrame("CardLayout使用示例");        cl = new CardLayout();        con = jf.getContentPane();        con.setLayout(cl);        jl1 = new JLabel("这是第一步");        nextBtn1 = new JButton("下一步");        nextBtn1.addActionListener(this);        jp1 = new JPanel();        jp1.add(jl1);        jp1.add(nextBtn1);        con.add("first",jp1);                jl2 = new JLabel("这是第二步");        prevBtn1 = new JButton("上一步");        prevBtn1.addActionListener(this);        nextBtn2 = new JButton("下一步");        nextBtn2.addActionListener(this);        jp2 = new JPanel();        jp2.add(jl2);        jp2.add(prevBtn1);        jp2.add(nextBtn2);        con.add("second", jp2);                jl3 = new JLabel("这是第三步");        prevBtn2 = new JButton("上一步");        prevBtn2.addActionListener(this);        OKBtn = new JButton("完成");        OKBtn.addActionListener(this);        jp3 = new JPanel();        jp3.add(jl3);        jp3.add(prevBtn2);        jp3.add(OKBtn);        con.add("third", jp3);                jf.setSize(500, 400);        jf.setLocation(300, 200);        jf.setVisible(true);        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);    }        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {        Object obj = e.getSource();        if(obj==nextBtn1||obj==nextBtn2)            cl.next(con);        if(obj==prevBtn1||obj==prevBtn2)            cl.previous(con);        if(obj==OKBtn)            jf.dispose();    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        new demoCardLayout();    }}

18.5 增强网格布局(GridBagLayout)

它的功能类似于GridLayout,但比后者的功能更强大,使用起来也要复杂得多。它能够制造出跨行和跨列的单元格。

例. 增强网格布局使用示例。

package GUI1;import java.awt.Container;import java.awt.GridBagConstraints;import java.awt.GridBagLayout;import javax.swing.*;public class demoGridBagLayout {    JFrame jf;    Container con;    GridBagLayout gbl;        private void makebutton(String name,GridBagLayout gbl,GridBagConstraints c){        JButton btn = new JButton(name);        //参数c决定了如何放置这个按钮        gbl.setConstraints(btn, c);        con.add(btn);    }        public demoGridBagLayout(){        jf = new JFrame("增强网格布局使用示例");        con = jf.getContentPane();        GridBagConstraints c = new GridBagConstraints();        gbl = new GridBagLayout();        con.setLayout(gbl);        c.fill = GridBagConstraints.BOTH;        //下面每个按钮占一行一列        c.weightx = 1.0;        makebutton("Button1",gbl,c);        makebutton("Button2",gbl,c);        makebutton("Button3",gbl,c);        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据本行到结束        makebutton("Button4",gbl,c);        //开始布置第二行按钮        c.weightx = 0.0; //重设为默认值        //这里的gridwidth属性仍然是REMINDER,所以占据一整行        makebutton("Button5",gbl,c);        //开始布置第三行        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.RELATIVE; //重起一行,占三格        makebutton("Button6",gbl,c);        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据本行到结束        makebutton("Button7",gbl,c);        //开始布置第四五行        c.gridwidth = 1; //本单元格占两行一列        c.gridheight = 2;        c.weighty = 1;        makebutton("Button8",gbl,c);        //开始布置其它按钮,他们分别在两行中        c.weighty = 0.0;        c.gridwidth = GridBagConstraints.REMAINDER; //占据到本行结束        c.gridheight = 1; //只占一行        makebutton("Button9",gbl,c);        makebutton("Button10",gbl,c);        //布局设置完毕        jf.setSize(500, 400);        jf.setLocation(300, 200);        jf.setVisible(true);        jf.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);    }    public static void main(String[] args) {        new demoGridBagLayout();    }}

 

GUI程序设计3