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iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍

iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍

一、多控制器

一个iOS的app很少只由一个控制器组成,除非这个app极其简单。当app中有多个控制器的时候,我们就需要对这些控制器进行管理

有多个view时,可以用一个大的view去管理1个或者多个小view,控制器也是如此,用1个控制器去管理其他多个控制器

比如,用一个控制器A去管理3个控制器B、C、D。控制器A被称为控制器B、C、D的“父控制器”;控制器B、C、D的被称为控制器A的“子控制器”

为了便于管理控制器,iOS提供了2个比较特殊的控制器

UINavigationController

UITabBarController

二、导航控制器

利用UINavigationController,可以轻松地管理多个控制器,轻松完成控制器之间的切换,典型例子就是系统自带的“设置”应用

如图:

三、UINavigationController的使用步骤

(1)初始化UINavigationController

(2)设置UIWindow的rootViewController为UINavigationController

(3)根据具体情况,通过push方法添加对应个数的子控制器

 1 #import "TXAppDelegate.h" 2 #import "TXOneViewController.h" 3  4 @implementation TXAppDelegate 5  6 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions 7 { 8     self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; 9     self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];10     11     //1.创建一个导航控制器12     UINavigationController *nav=[[UINavigationController alloc]init];13     //2.设置导航控制器为window的根视图14     self.window.rootViewController=nav;15 16     17     //3.添加子控制器到导航控制器中18     //创建一些控制器19     UIViewController *c1=[[UIViewController alloc]init];20     //设置c1这个控制器的视图颜色21     c1.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];22     23     UIViewController *c2=[[UIViewController alloc]init];24     c2.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor purpleColor];25     26     UIViewController *c3=[[UIViewController alloc]init];27     c3.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor brownColor];28     29 //把这些控制器添加到导航控制器中30     [nav pushViewController:c1 animated:YES];31     [nav pushViewController:c2 animated:YES];32     [nav pushViewController:c3 animated:YES];33     34     [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];35     return YES;36 }

 

运行模拟器,可以看到一个简陋的有着三个子控制器管理着页面。

但呈现在我们眼前的只能有一个界面,我们没有必要一次性创建三个控制器在这里等着。

要求:创建三个子控制器,每个子控制器view的界面上放一个按钮,点击可以跳转到下一个界面。

实现(完成三个页面间通过按钮进行简单的跳转):

说明:这里把第一个子控制器的创建等代码写在了代理方法中。

TXAppDelegate.m文件代码

 1 //  TXAppDelegate.m 2 //  20-导航控制器(代码) 3 // 4 //  Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16. 5 //  Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved. 6 // 7  8 #import "TXAppDelegate.h" 9 #import "TXOneViewController.h"10 @implementation TXAppDelegate11 //    UIViewController *vc1 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];12 //    vc1.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];13 //    [nav pushViewController:vc1 animated:YES];14 15 //    UIViewController *vc2 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];16 //    vc2.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];17 //    [nav pushViewController:vc2 animated:YES];18 //19 //    UIViewController *vc3 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];20 //    vc3.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];21 //    [nav pushViewController:vc3 animated:YES];22 23 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions24 {25     self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];26     // Override point for customization after application launch.27     self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];28     29     //1.创建导航条控制器30     TXOneViewController *one = [[TXOneViewController alloc] init];31     UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc]initWithRootViewController:one];32     33     // 存放所有子控制器的栈34     //    nav.viewControllers35     // 这个数组也存放子控制器36     //    nav.childViewControllers37     // 2.添加子控制器38     //    TXOneViewController *one = [[TXOneViewController alloc] init];39     //    [nav addChildViewController:one];40     //    [nav pushViewController:one animated:YES];41     //    nav.viewControllers = @[one];42     43     //3.设置为窗口的跟控制器44     45     46     self.window.rootViewController = nav;47     48     49     50     51     [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];52     return YES;53 }

 

创建三个子控件类及对应的xib文件

TXOneViewController.m文件

 1 // 2 //  Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16. 3 //  Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved. 4 // 5  6 #import "TXOneViewController.h" 7 #import "TXTwoViewController.h" 8 @interface TXOneViewController () 9 - (IBAction)jumpTwo;10 11 @end12 13 @implementation TXOneViewController14 15 - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil16 {17     self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];18     if (self) {19         // Custom initialization20     }21     return self;22 }23 24 - (void)viewDidLoad25 {26     [super viewDidLoad];27     // 修改下一个界面返回按钮的文字28     self.navigationItem.backBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"返回" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:nil action:nil];29     self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemCamera target:nil action:nil];30 31     32     33 }34 35 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning36 {37     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];38     // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.39 }40 41 - (IBAction)jumpTwo {42     TXTwoViewController *two = [[TXTwoViewController alloc]init];43     [self.navigationController pushViewController:two animated:YES];44     45 }46 @end

 

TXTwoViewController.m文件

 1 //  Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16. 2 //  Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved. 3 // 4  5 #import "TXTwoViewController.h" 6 #import "TXThreeViewController.h" 7 @interface TXTwoViewController () 8 - (IBAction)jumpThree; 9 10 @end11 12 @implementation TXTwoViewController13 14 - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil15 {16     self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];17     if (self) {18         // Custom initialization19     }20     return self;21 }22 23 - (void)viewDidLoad24 {25     [super viewDidLoad];26     self.navigationItem.titleView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeContactAdd];27     self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemTrash target:nil action:nil];28 29 }30 31 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning32 {33     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];34     // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.35 }36 37 - (IBAction)jumpThree {38     TXThreeViewController *three = [[TXThreeViewController alloc]init];39     [self.navigationController pushViewController:three animated:YES];40     41 }42 @end

TXThreeViewController.m文件

 1 #import "TXThreeViewController.h" 2  3 @interface TXThreeViewController () 4 - (IBAction)backTwo; 5  6 - (IBAction)backOne; 7  8 @end 9 10 @implementation TXThreeViewController11 12 - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil13 {14     self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];15     if (self) {16         // Custom initialization17     }18     return self;19 }20 21 - (void)viewDidLoad22 {23     [super viewDidLoad];24     self.navigationItem.title = @"第3个控制器";25     26     27     UIBarButtonItem *item1 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemTrash target:nil action:nil];28     29     UIBarButtonItem *item2 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemCompose target:nil action:nil];30     31     self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = @[item1, item2];32 33 }34 35 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning36 {37     [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];38     // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.39 }40 41 - (IBAction)backTwo {42     // 移除栈顶控制器即可43     [self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];44     //    [self.navigationController popToViewController:two animated:ye];45 }46 47 - (IBAction)backOne {48     [self.navigationController popToRootViewControllerAnimated:YES];49     //    [self.navigationController popToViewController:one animated:<#(BOOL)#>];50 51 52 }53 @end

 

提示:只要当前控制器是导航控制器的子控制器,那么就可以通过self.navigationController属性直接获取到当前控制器所在的导航控制器

项目文件结构和运行效果:

iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍