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iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍
iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍
一、多控制器
一个iOS的app很少只由一个控制器组成,除非这个app极其简单。当app中有多个控制器的时候,我们就需要对这些控制器进行管理
有多个view时,可以用一个大的view去管理1个或者多个小view,控制器也是如此,用1个控制器去管理其他多个控制器
比如,用一个控制器A去管理3个控制器B、C、D。控制器A被称为控制器B、C、D的“父控制器”;控制器B、C、D的被称为控制器A的“子控制器”
为了便于管理控制器,iOS提供了2个比较特殊的控制器
UINavigationController
UITabBarController
二、导航控制器
利用UINavigationController,可以轻松地管理多个控制器,轻松完成控制器之间的切换,典型例子就是系统自带的“设置”应用
如图:
三、UINavigationController的使用步骤
(1)初始化UINavigationController
(2)设置UIWindow的rootViewController为UINavigationController
(3)根据具体情况,通过push方法添加对应个数的子控制器
1 #import "TXAppDelegate.h" 2 #import "TXOneViewController.h" 3 4 @implementation TXAppDelegate 5 6 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions 7 { 8 self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]]; 9 self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];10 11 //1.创建一个导航控制器12 UINavigationController *nav=[[UINavigationController alloc]init];13 //2.设置导航控制器为window的根视图14 self.window.rootViewController=nav;15 16 17 //3.添加子控制器到导航控制器中18 //创建一些控制器19 UIViewController *c1=[[UIViewController alloc]init];20 //设置c1这个控制器的视图颜色21 c1.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor redColor];22 23 UIViewController *c2=[[UIViewController alloc]init];24 c2.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor purpleColor];25 26 UIViewController *c3=[[UIViewController alloc]init];27 c3.view.backgroundColor=[UIColor brownColor];28 29 //把这些控制器添加到导航控制器中30 [nav pushViewController:c1 animated:YES];31 [nav pushViewController:c2 animated:YES];32 [nav pushViewController:c3 animated:YES];33 34 [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];35 return YES;36 }
运行模拟器,可以看到一个简陋的有着三个子控制器管理着页面。
但呈现在我们眼前的只能有一个界面,我们没有必要一次性创建三个控制器在这里等着。
要求:创建三个子控制器,每个子控制器view的界面上放一个按钮,点击可以跳转到下一个界面。
实现(完成三个页面间通过按钮进行简单的跳转):
说明:这里把第一个子控制器的创建等代码写在了代理方法中。
TXAppDelegate.m文件代码
1 // TXAppDelegate.m 2 // 20-导航控制器(代码) 3 // 4 // Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16. 5 // Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved. 6 // 7 8 #import "TXAppDelegate.h" 9 #import "TXOneViewController.h"10 @implementation TXAppDelegate11 // UIViewController *vc1 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];12 // vc1.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];13 // [nav pushViewController:vc1 animated:YES];14 15 // UIViewController *vc2 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];16 // vc2.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor greenColor];17 // [nav pushViewController:vc2 animated:YES];18 //19 // UIViewController *vc3 = [[UIViewController alloc] init];20 // vc3.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];21 // [nav pushViewController:vc3 animated:YES];22 23 - (BOOL)application:(UIApplication *)application didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:(NSDictionary *)launchOptions24 {25 self.window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];26 // Override point for customization after application launch.27 self.window.backgroundColor = [UIColor whiteColor];28 29 //1.创建导航条控制器30 TXOneViewController *one = [[TXOneViewController alloc] init];31 UINavigationController *nav = [[UINavigationController alloc]initWithRootViewController:one];32 33 // 存放所有子控制器的栈34 // nav.viewControllers35 // 这个数组也存放子控制器36 // nav.childViewControllers37 // 2.添加子控制器38 // TXOneViewController *one = [[TXOneViewController alloc] init];39 // [nav addChildViewController:one];40 // [nav pushViewController:one animated:YES];41 // nav.viewControllers = @[one];42 43 //3.设置为窗口的跟控制器44 45 46 self.window.rootViewController = nav;47 48 49 50 51 [self.window makeKeyAndVisible];52 return YES;53 }
创建三个子控件类及对应的xib文件
TXOneViewController.m文件
1 // 2 // Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16. 3 // Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved. 4 // 5 6 #import "TXOneViewController.h" 7 #import "TXTwoViewController.h" 8 @interface TXOneViewController () 9 - (IBAction)jumpTwo;10 11 @end12 13 @implementation TXOneViewController14 15 - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil16 {17 self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];18 if (self) {19 // Custom initialization20 }21 return self;22 }23 24 - (void)viewDidLoad25 {26 [super viewDidLoad];27 // 修改下一个界面返回按钮的文字28 self.navigationItem.backBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithTitle:@"返回" style:UIBarButtonItemStyleDone target:nil action:nil];29 self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemCamera target:nil action:nil];30 31 32 33 }34 35 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning36 {37 [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];38 // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.39 }40 41 - (IBAction)jumpTwo {42 TXTwoViewController *two = [[TXTwoViewController alloc]init];43 [self.navigationController pushViewController:two animated:YES];44 45 }46 @end
TXTwoViewController.m文件
1 // Created by 鑫 on 14-10-16. 2 // Copyright (c) 2014年 梁镋鑫. All rights reserved. 3 // 4 5 #import "TXTwoViewController.h" 6 #import "TXThreeViewController.h" 7 @interface TXTwoViewController () 8 - (IBAction)jumpThree; 9 10 @end11 12 @implementation TXTwoViewController13 14 - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil15 {16 self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];17 if (self) {18 // Custom initialization19 }20 return self;21 }22 23 - (void)viewDidLoad24 {25 [super viewDidLoad];26 self.navigationItem.titleView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeContactAdd];27 self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItem = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemTrash target:nil action:nil];28 29 }30 31 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning32 {33 [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];34 // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.35 }36 37 - (IBAction)jumpThree {38 TXThreeViewController *three = [[TXThreeViewController alloc]init];39 [self.navigationController pushViewController:three animated:YES];40 41 }42 @end
TXThreeViewController.m文件
1 #import "TXThreeViewController.h" 2 3 @interface TXThreeViewController () 4 - (IBAction)backTwo; 5 6 - (IBAction)backOne; 7 8 @end 9 10 @implementation TXThreeViewController11 12 - (id)initWithNibName:(NSString *)nibNameOrNil bundle:(NSBundle *)nibBundleOrNil13 {14 self = [super initWithNibName:nibNameOrNil bundle:nibBundleOrNil];15 if (self) {16 // Custom initialization17 }18 return self;19 }20 21 - (void)viewDidLoad22 {23 [super viewDidLoad];24 self.navigationItem.title = @"第3个控制器";25 26 27 UIBarButtonItem *item1 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemTrash target:nil action:nil];28 29 UIBarButtonItem *item2 = [[UIBarButtonItem alloc] initWithBarButtonSystemItem:UIBarButtonSystemItemCompose target:nil action:nil];30 31 self.navigationItem.rightBarButtonItems = @[item1, item2];32 33 }34 35 - (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning36 {37 [super didReceiveMemoryWarning];38 // Dispose of any resources that can be recreated.39 }40 41 - (IBAction)backTwo {42 // 移除栈顶控制器即可43 [self.navigationController popViewControllerAnimated:YES];44 // [self.navigationController popToViewController:two animated:ye];45 }46 47 - (IBAction)backOne {48 [self.navigationController popToRootViewControllerAnimated:YES];49 // [self.navigationController popToViewController:one animated:<#(BOOL)#>];50 51 52 }53 @end
提示:只要当前控制器是导航控制器的子控制器,那么就可以通过self.navigationController属性直接获取到当前控制器所在的导航控制器
项目文件结构和运行效果:
iOS开发UI篇—多控制器和导航控制器简单介绍