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NSURLSession学习笔记(三)Download Task
NSURLSession的Download Task用于完成下载任务,本文介绍如何创建断点续传的下载任务和后台下载任务。
我们直接从分析Demo入手:
故事板如下:
只有一个View Controller,用于创建各种下载任务,并将下载后的图片显示到视图上,下载过程中会更新下载进度。
头文件代码如下:
- #import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
- @interface ViewController : UIViewController <NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate>
- /* NSURLSessions */
- @property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSession *currentSession; // 当前会话
- @property (strong, nonatomic, readonly) NSURLSession *backgroundSession; // 后台会话
- /* 下载任务 */
- @property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSessionDownloadTask *cancellableTask; // 可取消的下载任务
- @property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSessionDownloadTask *resumableTask; // 可恢复的下载任务
- @property (strong, nonatomic) NSURLSessionDownloadTask *backgroundTask; // 后台的下载任务
- /* 用于可恢复的下载任务的数据 */
- @property (strong, nonatomic) NSData *partialData;
- /* 显示已经下载的图片 */
- @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIImageView *downloadedImageView;
- /* 下载进度 */
- @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UILabel *currentProgress_label;
- @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIProgressView *downloadingProgressView;
- /* 工具栏上的按钮 */
- @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *cancellableDownload_barButtonItem;
- @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *resumableDownload_barButtonItem;
- @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *backgroundDownload_barButtonItem;
- @property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet UIBarButtonItem *cancelTask_barButtonItem;
- - (IBAction)cancellableDownload:(id)sender; // 创建可取消的下载任务
- - (IBAction)resumableDownload:(id)sender; // 创建可恢复的下载任务
- - (IBAction)backgroundDownload:(id)sender; // 创建后台下载任务
- - (IBAction)cancelDownloadTask:(id)sender; // 取消所有下载任务
- @end
一、创建普通的下载任务
这种下载任务是可以取消的,代码如下:
- - (IBAction)cancellableDownload:(id)sender {
- if (!self.cancellableTask) {
- if (!self.currentSession) {
- [self createCurrentSession];
- }
- NSString *imageURLStr = @"http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5505/9824098016_0e28a047c2_b_d.jpg";
- NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:imageURLStr]];
- self.cancellableTask = [self.currentSession downloadTaskWithRequest:request];
- [self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:NO];
- self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;
- [self.cancellableTask resume];
- }
- }
如果当前的session为空,首先需要创建一个session(该session使用默认配置模式,其delegate为自己):
- /* 创建当前的session */
- - (void)createCurrentSession {
- NSURLSessionConfiguration *defaultConfig = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration];
- self.currentSession = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:defaultConfig delegate:self delegateQueue:nil];
- self.currentSession.sessionDescription = kCurrentSession;
- }
随后创建下载任务并启动。
这种任务是可取消的,即下次下载又从0.0%开始:
- if (self.cancellableTask) {
- [self.cancellableTask cancel];
- self.cancellableTask = nil;
- }
二、创建可恢复的下载任务
可恢复的下载任务支持断点续传,也就是如果暂停当前任务,在下次再执行任务时,将从之前的下载进度中继续进行。因此我们首先需要一个NSData对象来保存已经下载的数据:
- /* 用于可恢复的下载任务的数据 */
- @property (strong, nonatomic) NSData *partialData;
执行下载任务时,如果是恢复下载,那么就使用downloadTaskWithResumeData:方法根据partialData继续下载。代码如下:
- - (IBAction)resumableDownload:(id)sender {
- if (!self.resumableTask) {
- if (!self.currentSession) {
- [self createCurrentSession];
- }
- if (self.partialData) { // 如果是之前被暂停的任务,就从已经保存的数据恢复下载
- self.resumableTask = [self.currentSession downloadTaskWithResumeData:self.partialData];
- }
- else { // 否则创建下载任务
- NSString *imageURLStr = @"http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2846/9823925914_78cd653ac9_b_d.jpg";
- NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:imageURLStr]];
- self.resumableTask = [self.currentSession downloadTaskWithRequest:request];
- }
- [self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:NO];
- self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;
- [self.resumableTask resume];
- }
- }
在取消下载任务时,要将partialData数据保存起来,而且不要调用cancel方法:
- else if (self.resumableTask) {
- [self.resumableTask cancelByProducingResumeData:^(NSData *resumeData) {
- // 如果是可恢复的下载任务,应该先将数据保存到partialData中,注意在这里不要调用cancel方法
- self.partialData = resumeData;
- self.resumableTask = nil;
- }];
- }
另外在恢复下载时,NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate中的以下方法将被调用:
- /* 从fileOffset位移处恢复下载任务 */
- - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
- downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask
- didResumeAtOffset:(int64_t)fileOffset
- expectedTotalBytes:(int64_t)expectedTotalBytes {
- NSLog(@"NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Resume download at %lld", fileOffset);
- }
三、创建后台下载任务
后台下载任务,顾名思义,当程序进入后台后,下载任务依然继续执行。
首先创建一个后台session单例,这里的Session配置使用后台配置模式,使用backgroundSessinConfiguration:方法配置时应该通过后面的参数为该后台进程指定一个标识符,在有多个后台下载任务时这个标识符就起作用了。
- /* 创建一个后台session单例 */
- - (NSURLSession *)backgroundSession {
- static NSURLSession *backgroundSess = nil;
- static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
- dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
- NSURLSessionConfiguration *config = [NSURLSessionConfiguration backgroundSessionConfiguration:kBackgroundSessionID];
- backgroundSess = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:config delegate:self delegateQueue:nil];
- backgroundSess.sessionDescription = kBackgroundSession;
- });
- return backgroundSess;
- }
在创建后台下载任务时,应该使用后台session创建,然后resume。
- - (IBAction)backgroundDownload:(id)sender {
- NSString *imageURLStr = @"http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2831/9823890176_82b4165653_b_d.jpg";
- NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:[NSURL URLWithString:imageURLStr]];
- self.backgroundTask = [self.backgroundSession downloadTaskWithRequest:request];
- [self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:NO];
- self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;
- [self.backgroundTask resume];
- }
在程序进入后台后,如果下载任务完成,程序委托中的对应方法将被回调:
- /* 后台下载任务完成后,程序被唤醒,该方法将被调用 */
- - (void)application:(UIApplication *)application handleEventsForBackgroundURLSession:(NSString *)identifier completionHandler:(void (^)())completionHandler {
- NSLog(@"Application Delegate: Background download task finished");
- // 设置回调的完成代码块
- self.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler = completionHandler;
- }
然后调用NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate中的方法:
以下是
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL*)location中的方法,该方法只有下载成功才被调用:
- else if (session == self.backgroundSession) {
- self.backgroundTask = nil;
- AppDelegate *appDelegate = [AppDelegate sharedDelegate];
- if (appDelegate.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler) {
- // 执行回调代码块
- void (^handler)() = appDelegate.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler;
- appDelegate.backgroundURLSessionCompletionHandler = nil;
- handler();
- }
- }
另外无论下载成功与否,以下方法都会被调用:
- /* 完成下载任务,无论下载成功还是失败都调用该方法 */
- - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error {
- NSLog(@"NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Complete task");
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
- [self setDownloadButtonsWithEnabled:YES];
- });
- if (error) {
- NSLog(@"下载失败:%@", error);
- [self setDownloadProgress:0.0];
- self.downloadedImageView.image = nil;
- }
- }
取消后台下载任务时直接cancel即可:
- else if (self.backgroundTask) {
- [self.backgroundTask cancel];
- self.backgroundTask = nil;
- }
四、NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate
为了实现下载进度的显示,需要在委托中的以下方法中实现:
- /* 执行下载任务时有数据写入 */
- - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
- downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask
- didWriteData:(int64_t)bytesWritten // 每次写入的data字节数
- totalBytesWritten:(int64_t)totalBytesWritten // 当前一共写入的data字节数
- totalBytesExpectedToWrite:(int64_t)totalBytesExpectedToWrite // 期望收到的所有data字节数
- {
- // 计算当前下载进度并更新视图
- double downloadProgress = totalBytesWritten / (double)totalBytesExpectedToWrite;
- [self setDownloadProgress:downloadProgress];
- }
- /* 根据下载进度更新视图 */
- - (void)setDownloadProgress:(double)progress {
- NSString *progressStr = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%.1f", progress * 100];
- progressStr = [progressStr stringByAppendingString:@"%"];
- dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
- self.downloadingProgressView.progress = progress;
- self.currentProgress_label.text = progressStr;
- });
- }
从已经保存的数据中恢复下载任务的委托方法,fileOffset指定了恢复下载时的文件位移字节数:
- /* Sent when a download has been resumed. If a download failed with an
- * error, the -userInfo dictionary of the error will contain an
- * NSURLSessionDownloadTaskResumeData key, whose value is the resume
- * data.
- */
- - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask
- didResumeAtOffset:(int64_t)fileOffset
- expectedTotalBytes:(int64_t)expectedTotalBytes;
只有下载成功才调用的委托方法,在该方法中应该将下载成功后的文件移动到我们想要的目标路径:
- /* Sent when a download task that has completed a download. The delegate should
- * copy or move the file at the given location to a new location as it will be
- * removed when the delegate message returns. URLSession:task:didCompleteWithError: will
- * still be called.
- */
- - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session downloadTask:(NSURLSessionDownloadTask *)downloadTask
- didFinishDownloadingToURL:(NSURL *)location;
无论下载成功或失败都会调用的方法,类似于try-catch-finally中的finally语句块的执行。如果下载成功,那么error参数的值为nil,否则下载失败,可以通过该参数查看出错信息:
- /* Sent as the last message related to a specific task. Error may be
- * nil, which implies that no error occurred and this task is complete.
- */
- - (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
- didCompleteWithError:(NSError *)error;
后台下载的运行结果:
启动任务后,进入后台:
下载完成后,控制台将会“通知”我们:
- 2014-02-05 18:30:39.767 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: App did become active
- 2014-02-05 18:30:43.734 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: App will resign active
- 2014-02-05 18:30:43.735 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: App did enter background
- 2014-02-05 18:30:45.282 DownloadTask[3472:70b] Application Delegate: Background download task finished
- 2014-02-05 18:30:45.285 DownloadTask[3472:4907] NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Finish downloading
- 2014-02-05 18:30:45.301 DownloadTask[3472:4907] NSURLSessionDownloadDelegate: Complete task
再次启动程序,可以看到加载好的页面:
可以看到,通过后台下载让我们的程序更加异步地运行。NSURLSession封装了对应的接口,让我们要执行的任务更加专门化,这个新的网络架构的功能真的很强大。
本文的Demo基于https://github.com/ShinobiControls/iOS7-day-by-day改写,内容基本一致。
NSURLSession学习笔记(三)Download Task