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mysql主从
实验目的:
用于主库挂掉后快速切换到从库,实现备份作用;
实验环境:
两个linux主机,均己安装mysql,在同局域网内相互通;
A: 192.168.0.117
B: 192.168.0.118
步骤:
1、主库A上操作:
[root@mysql-master ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
[root@mysql-master ~]# mysqladmin -u root password "123456" #没有root密码先设密码
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO ‘backup’@’192.168.1.101‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘123456’; #给从服务器授权
mysql>flush privileges;
[root@mysql-master ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog_ignore_db #不需要备份的数据库,多个写多行
master-connect-retry=60 #如果从服务器发现主服务器断掉,重新连接的时间差(秒)
replicate-do-db =test #只复制某个库
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
2、从库B上操作:
[root@mysql-slave ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
user=mysql
symbolic-links=0
server-id = 2
master-host=192.168.0.117
master-user=root
master-password=root
master-port=3306
replicate-ignore-db=mysql #忽略复制哪个库,可多行多个库;
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
3、主从上都重启mysqld服务
[root@mysql-slave ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld restart
4、查看主从库的状态
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000002 | 3341752 | | mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>slave start;
mysql> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.117
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 3341752
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000006
Relay_Log_Pos: 251
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB: mysql
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 3341752
Relay_Log_Space: 3342198
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
如上状态表示己成功,下面进行测试:
mysql> create database test_back;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
从库中同步了刚才的库
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| backtest |
| mysql |
| test |
| test_back |
| zabbix |
+--------------------+
6 rows in set (0.13 sec)
主从复制成功 ;
注意:
IO 复制连接master主机 把主数据库服务binlog日志里的sql语句
存放本机的relaybinlog文件里
SQL 执行本机relaybinlog文件里的sql语句,把数据写进本机的数据库里
从数据库上没有主数据库服务器的库和表时 SQL进程会出错
解决方法:
mysql>slave stop;
mysql> change master to
-> master_host=‘master_host_name‘, //主服务器的IP地址
-> master_user=‘replication_user_name‘, //同步数据库的用户
-> master_password=‘replication_password‘, //同步数据库的密码
-> master_log_file=‘recorded_log_file_name‘, //主服务器二进制日志的文件名(前面要求记住的参数)
-> master_log_pos=recorded_log_position; //日志文件的开始位置(前面要求记住的参数)
其中,master_log_file与master_log_pos应该在备份主数据库时记录,通过show
master status获取,在从服务器上通过change master to设置这两个参数后,从服务器就会从这个位置开始读取主服务器的二进制日志.使用select maseter_pos_wait()
可以确保从服务器跟上主服务器的日志进度.
本文出自 “Linux_蚂蚁” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://onlyoulinux.blog.51cto.com/7941460/1570472
mysql主从