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《C++ Primer(第五版)》知识巩固

运行平台:ubuntu 12.04/GCC 4.8.0

 

第二章:基本内置类型

 1.decltype类型指示符

当我们从表达式的类型来推断要定义的类型时,可以使用decltype()来解析;decltype与auto不同,decltype应用于变量,返回该变量的类型。

	string s("Hello World!!!");	// punct_cnt has the same type that s.size returns	decltype(s.size()) punct_cnt = 0; 

2.转义序列

\xxx 八进制

\x(xxx) 十六进制

unsigned char c = -1;   // assuming 8-bit chars, c has value 255	i = c;  // the character with value 255 is an unprintable character	        // assigns value of c (i.e., 255) to an int	std::cout << i << std::endl; // prints 255
	unsigned u = 10;	int i = -42;	std::cout << i + i << std::endl;  // prints -84	std::cout << u + i << std::endl;  // if 32-bit ints, prints 4294967264

3.getline()的使用

string line;	// read input a line at a time until end-of-file	while (getline(cin, line))		cout << line << endl;

 4.str.size()返回为string::size_type类型,这是标准库与机器无关的特性之一。

如下面这个例子,输入大小在0-15之间的数字,求其对应的十六进制符号:

const string hexdigits = "0123456789ABCDEF";  // possible hex digits	cout << "Enter a series of numbers between 0 and 15"	     << " separated by spaces.  Hit ENTER when finished: " 	     << endl;	string result;        // will hold the resulting hexify‘d string	string::size_type n;  // hold numbers from the input	while (cin >> n)		if (n < hexdigits.size())    // ignore invalid input			result += hexdigits[n];  // fetch the indicated hex digit	cout << "Your hex number is: " << result << endl;

 而与之相关的则是size_t类型,size_t是标准C库中定义的,应为unsigned int,在64位系统中为 long unsigned int。

#include <cstddef>using std::size_t;constexpr size_t rowCnt = 3, colCnt = 4;	int ia[rowCnt][colCnt];   // 12 uninitialized elements 	    // for each row    for (size_t i = 0; i != rowCnt; ++i) {        // for each column within the row        for (size_t j = 0; j != colCnt; ++j) {            // assign the element‘s positional index as its value            ia[i][j] = i * colCnt + j;   		}	}

 第四章:表达式

1.值的溢出

思考下面运算的结果:

short short_value = http://www.mamicode.com/32767; // max value if shorts are 16 bits"short_value: " << short_value << endl;

 第六章:函数

1.返回数组指针的函数,这三种表达方式,留意:

int *p = elemPtr(6);         // p points to an int	int (*arrP)[5] = arrPtr(5);  // arrP points to an array of five ints	int (&arrR)[5] = arrRef(4);  // arrR refers to an array of five ints/ two arraysint odd[] = {1,3,5,7,9};int even[] = {0,2,4,6,8};// function that returns a pointer to an int in one of these arraysint *elemPtr(int i){	// returns a pointer to the first element in one of these arrays	return (i % 2) ? odd : even;  }	// returns a pointer to an array of five int elementsdecltype(odd) *arrPtr(int i){	return (i % 2) ? &odd : &even; // returns a pointer to the array }// returns a reference to an array of five int elementsint (&arrRef(int i))[5]{	return (i % 2) ? odd : even;}

 2.含有可变参数的函数

在C11中提供了两种方法:如果参数类型相同,可以传递一个名为initializer_list的标准库类型;如果类型不同,可以使用可变参数模版,见16章。使用方法如下:

// overloaded version takes only a list of stringsvoid error_msg(initializer_list<string> il){	for (auto beg = il.begin(); beg != il.end(); ++beg)		cout << *beg << " " ;	cout << endl;}string expected = "description", actual = "some other case";	initializer_list<int> li = {0,1,2,3};	// expected, actual are strings 	if (expected != actual)		error_msg({"functionX", expected, actual});	else		error_msg({"functionX", "okay"});

 3.函数指针

C11中尾置返回类型,如声明如下:

// use trailing return typeauto getFcn(const string&) -> string::size_type(*)(const string&, const string&);

   而函数指针的另外两种声明定义,一种是()括号解析,另一种则是借用decltype确定返回类型为函数指针类型,使用如下:

decltype(sumLength) *getFcn(const string &);// direct definitionstring::size_type (*getFcn(const string&))(const string&, const string&);// define getFcndecltype(sumLength)* getFcn(const string &fetch){	if (fetch == "sum")		return sumLength;	return largerLength;}

 

                                                                                                              

 

 

《C++ Primer(第五版)》知识巩固