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MySQL Proxy 实现MySQLDB 读写分离
一、简述
MySQL Proxy是一个处于你的client端和MySQL server端之间的简单程序，它可以监测、分析或改变它们的通信。它使用灵活，没有限制，常见的用途包括：负载平衡，故障、查询分析，查询过滤和修改等等。
MySQL Proxy就是这么一个中间层代理，简单的说，MySQL Proxy就是一个连接池，负责将前台应用的连接请求转发给后台的数据库，并且通过使用lua脚本，可以实现复杂的连接控制和过滤，从而实现读写分离和负 载平衡。对于应用来说，MySQL Proxy是完全透明的，应用则只需要连接到MySQL Proxy的监听端口即可。当然，这样proxy机器可能成为单点失效，但完全可以使用多个proxy机器做为冗余，在应用服务器的连接池配置中配置到多 个proxy的连接参数即可。
MySQL Proxy更强大的一项功能是实现“读写分离”，基本原理是让主数据库处理事务性查询，让从库处理SELECT查询。数据库复制被用来把事务性查询导致的变更同步到集群中的从库。
二、对MariaDB做主从复制
关于如何对MariaDB做主从复制，请移步本人博客MariaDB 主从复制
三、安装
1.可以通过rpm安装，其会提供配置文件及服务脚本，但是没有读写分享脚本
2.通过编译安装
①、源码安装时，MySQL proxy的依赖关系：
libevent 1.x or higher (1.3b or later is preferred).
lua 5.1.x or higher.
glib2 2.6.0 or higher.
pkg-config.
libtool 1.5 or higher.
MySQL 5.0.x or higher developer files.
②、下载源码包，编译安装
# tar zxf mysql-proxy-0.8.2.tar.gz # cd mysql-proxy-0.8.2 # ./configure # make # make check 如果管理员有密码，上面的步骤则需要使用如下格式进行： # MYSQL_PASSWORD=root_pwd make check # make install 默认情况下， mysql-proxy安装在/usr/local/sbin/mysql-proxy，而Lua示例脚本安装在/usr/local/share目录中。
3.通过通用二进制格式安装
①、下载解压。这里的系统平台为rhel6.5 64位系统
[root@httpweb ~]# wget http://mirror.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-Proxy/mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-el6-x86-64bit.tar.gz [root@httpweb ~]# tar xf mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-el6-x86-64bit.tar.gz [root@httpweb ~]# mv mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-el6-x86-64bit /usr/local/mysql-proxy
②、添加代理用户
[root@httpweb mysql-proxy]# useradd mysql-proxy
③、为mysql-proxy提供SysV服务脚本
#!/bin/bash # # mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon # # chkconfig: - 78 30 # processname: mysql-proxy # description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql # Source function library. . /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions prog="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy" # Source networking configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/network fi # Check that networking is up. [ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0 # Set default mysql-proxy configuration. ADMIN_USER="admin" ADMIN_PASSWD="admin" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon" PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" # Source mysql-proxy configuration. if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then . /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy fi RETVAL=0 start() { echo -n $"Starting $prog: " daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --proxy-address="$PROXY_ADDRESS" --user=$PROXY_USER --admin-username="$ADMIN_USER" --admin-lua-script="$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT" --admin-password="$ADMIN_PASSWORD" RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy fi } stop() { echo -n $"Stopping $prog: " killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog RETVAL=$? echo if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy rm -f $PROXY_PID fi } # See how we were called. case "$1" in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop start ;; condrestart|try-restart) if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog >&/dev/null; then stop start fi ;; status) status -p $PROXY_PID $prog ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}" RETVAL=1 ;; esac exit $RETVAL
将上述内容保存为/etc/init.d/mysql-proxy，给予执行权限，而后添加至服务列表
[root@httpweb mysql-proxy]# vi /etc/init.d/mysql-proxy [root@httpweb mysql-proxy]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql-proxy [root@httpweb mysql-proxy]# chkconfig --add mysql-proxy
④、为服务脚本提供配置文件/etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy
#Options for mysql-proxy ADMIN_USER="firefox" ADMIN_PASSWORD="firefox" ADMIN_ADDRESS="" ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua" PROXY_ADDRESS="" PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy" PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.1.200:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.1.202:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua" 其中的proxy-backend-addresses选项和proxy-read-only-backend-addresses选项均可重复使用多次，以实现指定多个读写服务器或只读服务器。
⑤、mysql-proxy的配置选项
mysql-proxy的配置选项大致可分为帮助选项、管理选项、代理选项及应用程序选项几类，下面一起去介绍它们。 --help --help-admin --help-proxy --help-all ———— 以上四个选项均用于获取帮助信息； --proxy-address=host:port ———— 代理服务监听的地址和端口； --admin-address=host:port ———— 管理模块监听的地址和端口； --proxy-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端mysql服务器的地址和端口； --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=host:port ———— 后端只读mysql服务器的地址和端口； --proxy-lua-script=file_name ———— 完成mysql代理功能的Lua脚本； --daemon ———— 以守护进程模式启动mysql-proxy； --keepalive ———— 在mysql-proxy崩溃时尝试重启之； --log-file=/path/to/log_file_name ———— 日志文件名称； --log-level=level ———— 日志级别； --log-use-syslog ———— 基于syslog记录日志； --plugins=plugin,.. ———— 在mysql-proxy启动时加载的插件； --user=user_name ———— 运行mysql-proxy进程的用户； --defaults-file=/path/to/conf_file_name ———— 默认使用的配置文件路径；其配置段使用[mysql-proxy]标识； --proxy-skip-profiling ———— 禁用profile； --pid-file=/path/to/pid_file_name ———— 进程文件名；
⑥、提供admin.lua文件，将其保存至/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/mysql-proxy/中
--[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$ Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA $%ENDLICENSE%$ --]] function set_error(errmsg) proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR, errmsg = errmsg or "error" } end function read_query(packet) if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end local query = packet:sub(2) local rows = { } local fields = { } if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then fields = { { name = "backend_ndx", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, { name = "address", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "state", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "type", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "uuid", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "connected_clients", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG }, } for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do local states = { "unknown", "up", "down" } local types = { "unknown", "rw", "ro" } local b = proxy.global.backends[i] rows[#rows + 1] = { i, b.dst.name, -- configured backend address states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 types[b.type + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0 b.uuid, -- the MySQL Server‘s UUID if it is managed b.connected_clients -- currently connected clients } end elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then fields = { { name = "command", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, { name = "description", type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING }, } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" } rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" } else set_error("use ‘SELECT * FROM help‘ to see the supported commands") return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end proxy.response = { type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK, resultset = { fields = fields, rows = rows } } return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT end
⑦、测试
启动服务；
service mysql-proxy start
管理功能测试
可以看到4041端口和3306端口以及处于监听状态
我们在主服务器上授予201数据库写的权限
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to ‘firefox‘@‘192.168.1.201‘ identified by ‘firefox‘; MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges; [root@httpweb mysql-proxy]# mysql -ufirefox -pfirefox -h192.168.1.201 --port=3306 我们可以看到我们在mysql-proxy的可以登录数据库了
查看是否配置成功
[root@httpweb ~]# mysql -ufirefox -pfirefox -h192.168.1.201 --port=4041 Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 1 Server version: 5.0.99-agent-admin Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. mysql> select * from backends; +-------------+--------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+ | backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients | +-------------+--------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+ | 1 | 192.168.1.200:3306 | up | rw | NULL | 0 | | 2 | 192.168.1.202:3306 | up | ro | NULL | 0 | +-------------+--------------------+---------+------+------+-------------------+
我们的程序就可以实现真正意义上的读写分离了，大功告成，由于本人水平有限，请各位大神多多批评指正
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