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Mysql主主同步详细操作过程

 

此处是在公司线上部署mysql双主时所记录的文档,为安全,IP都改为内网IP。

版本信息:

#mysql -V

mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.5.37, fordebian-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 6.2

 

1、主库开启bin-log功能,配置server-id

修改my.cf配置文件,开启bin-log功能,配置server-id。

#cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[myqld]

server-id               = 1

log_bin                 =/var/log/mysql/

 

如果要指定同步或不同步哪些库,可使用如下参数

#binlog-do-db=osyunweidb   #需要同步的数据库名,如果有多个数据库,可重复此参数,每个数据库一行
#binlog-ignore-db=mysql    #不同步mysql系统数据库

 

2、确认bin-logserver-id是否开启:

查看命令 show variables like ‘log_bin‘; show variables like ‘server_id‘;

mysql> show variables like ‘log_bin‘;

+---------------+-------+

|Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

|log_bin       | ON   |

+---------------+-------+

1 rowin set (0.00 sec)

mysql>show variables like ‘server_id‘;

+---------------+-------+

|Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

|server_id     | 1     |

+---------------+-------+

1 rowin set (0.00 sec)

 

3、创建复制授权用户

mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to replication@‘%‘identified by ‘123456‘; #授权该用户对所有表都能进行复制

mysql>flush privileges;  #刷新权限

 

4、锁表,记录log-bin文件名和位置

mysql>flush tables with read lock;     #锁定所有表,此时数据库不能写入数据

QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

 

mysql>show master status;      #查看最新bin-log文件及位置

+------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

|File                   | Position   | Binlog_Do_DB      | Binlog_Ignore_DB        |

+------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

|mysql-bin.000001       |  26314    |                   |                        |

+------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

1row in set (0.00 sec)

 

5、锁表状态全备mysql数据

由于退出当前mysql登陆窗口,锁表功能就失效,需克隆一个会话进行全备。

#mysqldump-uroot -p -A -B >/tmp/mysql_bak_2014_10_30.sql.gz

 

看下备份数据大小,确认备份成功。

#ls  -l /tmp/mysql_bak_2014_10_30.sql.gz

-rw-r--r--1 root root 339222 10月 3011:01 /tmp/mysql_bak_2014_10_30.sql.gz

 

6、解除锁表

mysql>unlock tables;

或直接quit退出即可。

 

7、从库开启bin-log功能,配置server-id

从库开启bin-log功能后,待会在主上在配置同步,互为主从就完成了。

#cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[myqld]

server-id               = 2

log_bin                 =/var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log

 

#/etc/init.d/mysqlrestart

 

8、确认从库bin-logserver-id是否开启

查看命令 show variables like ‘log_bin‘; show variables like ‘server_id‘;

mysql>show variables like ‘log_bin‘;

+---------------+-------+

|Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

|log_bin       | ON    |

+---------------+-------+

1row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql>show variables like ‘server_id‘;

+---------------+-------+

|Variable_name | Value |

+---------------+-------+

|server_id     | 2     |

+---------------+-------+

1row in set (0.00 sec)

 

9、从库导入主库的全备数据

在从库上解压数据。

#gzip-d mysql_bak_2014_10_30.sql.gz

登陆mysql导入数据

mysql>source /root/mysql_bak_2014_10_30.sql

 

10、记录从库bin-log信息

因为在从库导入全备数据时,此时主库与从库的内容是一致的,但是bin-log位置不一定一致。

mysql>show master status;      #查看最新bin-log文件及位置

+------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

|File                   |Position   | Binlog_Do_DB      | Binlog_Ignore_DB        |

+------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

|mysql-bin.000003       |  2328055   |                   |                        |

+------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+

1row in set (0.00 sec)

 

11、从库设置同步主库

此处binlog文件与位置状态,是主库在步骤4锁表时show master status查看的位置状态。

 

CHANGE MASTER TO 

MASTER_HOST=‘10.0.0.2‘,

MASTER_PORT=8306,

MASTER_USER=‘replication‘,

MASTER_PASSWORD=‘123456‘,

MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000001‘,

MASTER_LOG_POS=26314;

 

12、开启从库同步并确认同步是否成功

使用start slave开启同步功能,使用show slave status\G查看同步是否成功

mysql>start slave;

QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>show slave status\G   #\G不按表格输出

***************************1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting formaster to send event

                  Master_Host: 10.0.0.2

                  Master_User: replication

                  Master_Port: 8306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 136270

               Relay_Log_File:mysqld-relay-bin.000002

                Relay_Log_Pos: 72697

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001

             Slave_IO_Running:Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running:Yes

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 98758

              Relay_Log_Space: 110366

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: 622   #查看主从同步延迟,延迟大则可能需要优化

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 1

1row in set (0.00 sec)

 

#sql线程与IO线程都是YESslave配置成功。

 

13、主库设置同步从库

由于从库是全备导入,原先在主库上配置的复制帐户也同样导入,所以这里不用在从库上新授权复制用户。

从库上的binlog文件与位置状态,是从库在刚导入时show master status查看到的位置状态。

 

CHANGEMASTER TO 

MASTER_HOST=‘172.16.0.2‘,

MASTER_PORT=3306,

MASTER_USER=‘replication‘,

MASTER_PASSWORD=‘123456‘,

MASTER_LOG_FILE=‘mysql-bin.000003‘,

MASTER_LOG_POS=2328055;

#修改相应信息,直接把这些配置在mysql中粘贴即可。

 

 

14、开启同步并确认同步是否成功

使用start slave开启同步功能,使用show slave status\G查看同步是否成功

mysql>start slave;

QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 

mysql>show slave status\G

***************************1. row ***************************

               Slave_IO_State: Waiting formaster to send event

                  Master_Host: 172.16.0.2

                  Master_User: replication

                  Master_Port: 3306

                Connect_Retry: 60

              Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007

          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107

               Relay_Log_File:mysqld-relay-bin.000006

                Relay_Log_Pos: 253

        Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007

             Slave_IO_Running: Yes

            Slave_SQL_Running:Yes

              Replicate_Do_DB:

          Replicate_Ignore_DB:

           Replicate_Do_Table:

       Replicate_Ignore_Table:

      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:

  Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:

                   Last_Errno: 0

                   Last_Error:

                 Skip_Counter: 0

          Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107

              Relay_Log_Space: 556

              Until_Condition: None

               Until_Log_File:

                Until_Log_Pos: 0

           Master_SSL_Allowed: No

           Master_SSL_CA_File:

           Master_SSL_CA_Path:

              Master_SSL_Cert:

            Master_SSL_Cipher:

               Master_SSL_Key:

        Seconds_Behind_Master: 0

Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No

                Last_IO_Errno: 0

                Last_IO_Error:

               Last_SQL_Errno: 0

               Last_SQL_Error:

  Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:

             Master_Server_Id: 2

1row in set (0.00 sec)

 

#IO线程与sql线程都是正常。

 

15、互为主从测试

在两台mysql各创建一个库,看两边是否都能进行同步。

分别在主库上执行 create database test01;

从库上执行create database test02;

看两台数据库上执行show databases;,看是否都有test01表和test02表。

我的经过测试,双主测试成功。

 

 


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Mysql主主同步详细操作过程