RH124-11 系统网络管理

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2024-10-02 04:50:38 217人阅读

第十一章系统网络管理

11.1 网络基础概念

TCP/IP四层模型

应用层

传输层

定义了tcp和udp协议.应用程序通过使用tcp或udp协议定义的端口,来标识应用层协议.

常见协议对应的端口可参考/etc/services

firefox , ie ---> 百度:80

网络层

定义了IP协议,IP协议通过使用IP地址定位远程机器

链路层

偏向硬件的各种工业标准、协议

IP地址的组成

网络地址+主机地址

基础组网架构

IP路由：默认网关

网卡的命名

传统的rhel系统以eth0,eth1等名字

来命名网卡，在rhel7系统开始使用新的命名规则：基于固件、设备结构、设备类型

1）由两个字母开头标示固件

以太网网卡以 en 开头

无线网卡以 wl 开头

2）设备结构

o 表示板载网卡（on-board）

s 热插拔结构(hotplug slot)

p PCI插槽位置

3）由一个数字表示设备的索引、ID或端口

如果网卡无法使用上述方法表示，则会选用传统方法ethN来表示

例子：

eno1 第一块板载网卡

enp2s0 第一块PCI插槽的网卡

11.2 测试和验证网络配置

$ ip addr show eth0

$ ip link

$ ip -s link show eth0 <--- -s 输出接口的状态

$ ip route 或 $ route -n

$ ping -c3 172.25.254.254

查看网络连接

$ ss -ta

-t tcp协议的连接

-a 所有状态的连接

-n 数字化输出

-u upd协议的连接

-l 处于listen状态的连接

-p 输出相应进程的名字

11.3 使用nmcli命令配置网络

NetworkManager是监控和管理网络设定的服务。该服务在GNOME桌面上有一个图形插件可以查看网络状态的。

他提供的命令行和图形配置工具对网络进行设定，设定保存的配置文件在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts目录下。

机器的网卡通信需要配置IP，而IP可以通过DHCP自动获得，或者手工配置指定。

查看所有的连接(连接：NetworkManager定义的概念，由网卡设备和网卡的配置信息组成)

# nmcli con show

查看所有活动的连接

# nmcli con show --active

查看指定ID（name）连接的详细情况

# nmcli con show "System eth0"

查看设备状态

# nmcli dev status

查看指定设备的状态

# nmcli dev show eth0

使用nmcli创建新的连接:

1) 定一个名字为default的连接，该连接会通过DHCP自动配置

# nmcli con add con-name "default" type ethernet ifname eth

2）定一个名为static的连接，并且手工指定所配置的IP和网关，该连接不会自动激活（默认处于断开状态）

# nmcli con add con-name "static" ifname eth0 autoconnect no type

ethernet ip4 172.25.0.10/24 gw4 172.25.0.254

3）激活指定的名字为static的连接

# nmcli con up "static"

4）激活前面定义的default连接

# nmcli con up default

使用nmcli修改已有的网络连接：

1）让连接取消自动激活

# nmcli con mod "static" connection.autoconnect no

2）修改连接的dns

# nmcli con mod "static" ipv4.dns 172.25.0.254

3）给连接再添加一个dns,有些设定值通过+/-可以增加或则移除设定

# nmcli con mod "static" +ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8

4）替换连接的静态IP和默认网关

# nmcli con mod "static" ipv4.addresses "172.25.0.10/24 172.25.0.254"

5）添加一个没有默认网关的IP

# nmcli con mod "static" +ipv4.addresses

10.10.10.10/16

6) 修改完毕，nmlci仅仅修改并保存了配置，要激活更改，需要重激活连接

# nmcli con up "static"

其余的一些用法：

# nmcli con del "<ID>"

# nmcli net off 关闭所有管

理的接口

# nmcli dev dis <DEV> 关闭某个接口，并临时禁用自动连接

# nmcli con down "<ID>" 断开某个连接

图形工具配置 nm-connection-editor

11.4 编辑网络配置文件

所有的连接定义的配置文件都在/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-<name>中

需要掌握的选项：

静态配置动态配置（DHCP）

两者都需要的配置

BOOTPROTO=none BOOTPROTO=dhcp DEVICE=eth0

IPADDR0=172.25.0.10 空 NAME="System eth0"

PREFIX0=24

空 ONBOOT=yes

GATEWAY0=172.25.0.254 空 UUID=f3e8dd32-3a2c

DEFROUTE=yes 空

USERCTL=yes

DNS1=172.25.254.254 空

选项说明：

某选项0,某选项1 代表该选项可以有多个设定值

DEFROUTE=yes 将接口设定为默认路由， no则否

USERCTL=yes 允许非root用户管理接口，no则否

手工编辑了配置文件，需要重载，才能生效

# nmcli con reload 重载配置文件

# nmcli con down "<name>" 关闭连接

# nmcli

con up "<name>" 激活连接

11.5 设定主机名和名字解析

查看主机名

# hostname

临时修改主机名

# hostname "somename"

在rhel7，静态主机名设定保存在/etc/hostname，并且建议使用hostnamectl命令修改和查看系统

的FQDN主机名

# hostnamectl set-hostname desktop0.example.com

# hostnamectl status

# cat /etc/hostname

配置名字解析

名字解析可以通过DNS或者本机/etc/hosts实现。默认配置是先

hosts文件后查询DNS

指定dns地址 /etc/resolv.conf

------------------------------

11.1

[student@desktop0 Desktop]$ grep http /etc/services

# http://www.iana.org/assignments/port-numbers

http 80/tcp www www-http # WorldWideWeb HTTP

http 80/udp www www-http # HyperText Transfer Protocol

http 80/sctp # HyperText Transfer Protocol

https 443/tcp # http protocol over TLS/SSL

https 443/udp # http protocol over TLS/SSL

https 443/sctp # http protocol over TLS/SSL

gss-http 488/tcp

gss-http 488/udp

webcache 8080/tcp http-alt # WWW caching service

webcache 8080/udp http-alt # WWW caching service

http-mgmt 280/tcp # http-mgmt

http-mgmt 280/udp # http-mgmt

http-rpc-epmap 593/tcp # HTTP RPC Ep Map

http-rpc-epmap 593/udp # HTTP RPC Ep Map

11.2

flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536

[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

ether 52:54:00:00:00:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 50 bytes 8748 (8.5 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536

inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0

inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>

loop txqueuelen 0 (Local Loopback)

RX packets 8 bytes 556 (556.0 B)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 8 bytes 556 (556.0 B)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip addr show eth0

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip link

1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip -s link s

set show

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip -s link show eth0

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast

684 2 0 0 0 0

TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns

46134 257 0 0 0 0

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip -s link show eth0

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast

31806 198 0 0 0 0

TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns

57079 366 0 0 0 0

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip route

default via 172.25.0.254 dev eth0 proto static metric 1024

172.25.0.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 172.25.0.10

172.25.253.254 via 172.25.0.254 dev eth0 proto static metric 1

[root@localhost Desktop]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

0.0.0.0 172.25.0.254 0.0.0.0 UG 1024 0 0 eth0

172.25.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

172.25.253.254 172.25.0.254 255.255.255.255 UGH 1 0 0 eth0

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# ping -c3 172.25.254.254

PING 172.25.254.254 (172.25.254.254) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 172.25.254.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.553 ms

64 bytes from 172.25.254.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.645 ms

64 bytes from 172.25.254.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.731 ms

--- 172.25.254.254 ping statistics ---

3 packets transmitted, 3 received, 0% packet loss, time 2004ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.553/0.643/0.731/0.072 ms

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# ss -tap

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:* users:

(("master",1806,13))

LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:* users:

(("rpcbind",1516,9))

LISTEN 0 128 *:39601 *:* users:

(("rpc.statd",1587,9))

LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:* users:

(("sshd",1495,3))

LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:* users:

(("cupsd",2330,11))

LISTEN 0 100 ::1:smtp :::* users:

(("master",1806,14))

LISTEN 0 128 :::53862 :::* users:

(("rpc.statd",1587,11))

LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::* users:

(("rpcbind",1516,12))

LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::* users:

(("sshd",1495,4))

LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::* users:

(("cupsd",2330,10))

[root@localhost Desktop]# grep smtp /etc/services

smtp 25/tcp mail

smtp 25/udp mail

urd 465/tcp smtps # URL Rendesvous Directory for SSM / SMTP over SSL (TLS)

rsmtp 2390/tcp # RSMTP

rsmtp 2390/udp # RSMTP

[root@localhost Desktop]# ss -ta

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:smtp *:*

LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:*

LISTEN 0 128 *:39601 *:*

LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*

LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*

LISTEN 0 100 ::1:smtp :::*

LISTEN 0 128 :::53862 :::*

LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::*

LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::*

LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::*

=========================================================================================================

11.3

[root@localhost Desktop]# nm-connection-editor 调出图形界面

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection

add down help modify show

delete edit load reload up

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection show 查看所有接口

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection show "eth0"

connection.id: eth0

connection.uuid: 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03

connection.interface-name: eth0

connection.type: 802-3-ethernet

connection.autoconnect: yes

connection.timestamp: 1496667151

connection.read-only: no

connection.permissions:

connection.zone: --

connection.master: --

connection.slave-type: --

connection.secondaries:

connection.gateway-ping-timeout: 0

802-3-ethernet.port: --

802-3-ethernet.speed: 0

802-3-ethernet.duplex: --

802-3-ethernet.auto-negotiate: yes

802-3-ethernet.mac-address: 52:54:00:00:00:0A

802-3-ethernet.cloned-mac-address: --

802-3-ethernet.mac-address-blacklist:

802-3-ethernet.mtu: auto

802-3-ethernet.s390-subchannels:

802-3-ethernet.s390-nettype: --

802-3-ethernet.s390-options:

ipv4.method: auto

ipv4.dns:

ipv4.dns-search:

ipv4.addresses:

ipv4.routes:

ipv4.ignore-auto-routes: no

ipv4.ignore-auto-dns: no

ipv4.dhcp-client-id: --

ipv4.dhcp-send-hostname: yes

ipv4.dhcp-hostname: --

ipv4.never-default: no

ipv4.may-fail: yes

ipv6.method: ignore

ipv6.dns:

ipv6.dns-search:

ipv6.addresses:

ipv6.routes:

ipv6.ignore-auto-routes: no

ipv6.ignore-auto-dns: no

ipv6.never-default: no

ipv6.may-fail: yes

ipv6.ip6-privacy: -1 (unknown)

ipv6.dhcp-hostname: --

GENERAL.NAME: eth0

GENERAL.UUID: 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03

GENERAL.DEVICES: eth0

GENERAL.STATE: activated

GENERAL.DEFAULT: yes

GENERAL.DEFAULT6: no

GENERAL.VPN: no

GENERAL.ZONE: --

GENERAL.DBUS-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/20

GENERAL.CON-PATH: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Settings/0

GENERAL.SPEC-OBJECT: --

GENERAL.MASTER-PATH: --

IP4.ADDRESS[1]: ip = 172.25.0.10/24, gw = 172.25.0.254

IP4.ROUTE[1]: dst = 172.25.253.254/32, nh = 172.25.0.254, mt = 0

IP4.DNS[1]: 172.25.254.254

IP4.DOMAIN[1]: example.com

DHCP4.OPTION[1]: requested_domain_search = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[2]: dhcp_message_type = 5

DHCP4.OPTION[3]: requested_time_offset = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[4]: requested_domain_name = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[5]: requested_rfc3442_classless_static_routes = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[6]: requested_broadcast_address = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[7]: requested_classless_static_routes = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[8]: expiry = 1496688191

DHCP4.OPTION[9]: domain_name = example.com

DHCP4.OPTION[10]: next_server = 172.25.0.254

DHCP4.OPTION[11]: broadcast_address = 172.25.0.255

DHCP4.OPTION[12]: requested_interface_mtu = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[13]: requested_subnet_mask = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[14]: dhcp_lease_time = 21600

DHCP4.OPTION[15]: ip_address = 172.25.0.10

DHCP4.OPTION[16]: requested_nis_domain = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[17]: routers = 172.25.0.254

DHCP4.OPTION[18]: requested_wpad = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[19]: requested_static_routes = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[20]: requested_nis_servers = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[21]: domain_name_servers = 172.25.254.254

DHCP4.OPTION[22]: requested_domain_name_servers = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[23]: requested_ntp_servers = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[24]: requested_routers = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[25]: requested_ms_classless_static_routes = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[26]: subnet_mask = 255.255.255.0

DHCP4.OPTION[27]: requested_host_name = 1

DHCP4.OPTION[28]: network_number = 172.25.0.0

DHCP4.OPTION[29]: dhcp_server_identifier = 172.25.253.254

IP6.ADDRESS[1]: ip = fe80::5054:ff:fe00:a/64, gw = ::

查看实际的网卡设备：

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli dev status

DEVICE TYPE STATE CONNECTION

eth0 ethernet disconnected --

lo loopback unmanaged --

扩展：

[root@localhost Desktop]# ip -s link show eth0

2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0a brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast

0 0 0 0 0 0

TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns

17838 101 0 0 0 0

[root@localhost Desktop]# ifconfig eth0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1500

inet 172.25.0.10 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 172.25.0.255

inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:a prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>

ether 52:54:00:00:00:0a txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)

RX packets 154 bytes 26774 (26.1 KiB)

RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0

TX packets 171 bytes 25799 (25.1 KiB)

TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0

[root@localhost Desktop]#

新加一个连接：给一个网卡配置信息

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection add con-name "default" ifname

eth0 lo

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection add con-name "default" type ethernet ifname eth0

Connection ‘default‘ (fdd301e7-e38e-4a77-8bb5-03b0bf060879) successfully added.

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection show

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

default fdd301e7-e38e-4a77-8bb5-03b0bf060879 802-3-ethernet --

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0

cloned-mac gw4 gw6 ip4 ip6 mac mtu save

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli con add con-name "static" ifname eth0 type ethernet autoconnect yes ip4 172.25.0.10/24

gw4 gw6 ip6

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli con add con-name "static" ifname eth0 type ethernet autoconnect yes ip4 172.25.0.10/24 gw4 172.25.0.254

Connection ‘static‘ (b09adbe1-8632-4f50-96eb-4a7893adbe9b) successfully added.

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection show

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

static a83fb9b4-cf8f-48c8-b506-7b39992deac6 802-3-ethernet --

default fdd301e7-e38e-4a77-8bb5-03b0bf060879 802-3-ethernet --

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0

static b09adbe1-8632-4f50-96eb-4a7893adbe9b 802-3-ethernet --

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection up static 启用某个连接

Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/21)

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection show 一个物理设备只能给一个逻辑NAME 用。

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

static a83fb9b4-cf8f-48c8-b506-7b39992deac6 802-3-ethernet eth0

default fdd301e7-e38e-4a77-8bb5-03b0bf060879 802-3-ethernet --

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet --

static b09adbe1-8632-4f50-96eb-4a7893adbe9b 802-3-ethernet --

[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-default /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-static-1

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-static

[root@localhost Desktop]#

localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection modify static connection.autoconnect no 服务启动后配置不启动

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection modify static ipv4.dns 172.25.0.254 加入DNS配置

oot@localhost Desktop]#

nmcli con add con-name "static" ifname eth0 type ethernet autoconnect yes ip4 172.25.0.10/24 gw4 172.25.0.254

Connection ‘static‘ (c665c0e9-982f-4393-a1f8-673ec7c60c3d) successfully added.

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection up static 让配置生效

Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/23)

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmci co sh

bash: nmci: command not found...

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co sh

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

static a83fb9b4-cf8f-48c8-b506-7b39992deac6 802-3-ethernet eth0

default fdd301e7-e38e-4a77-8bb5-03b0bf060879 802-3-ethernet --

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet --

static c665c0e9-982f-4393-a1f8-673ec7c60c3d 802-3-ethernet --

static b09adbe1-8632-4f50-96eb-4a7893adbe9b 802-3-ethernet --

[root@localhost Desktop]#

删除配置：

[root@localhost Desktop]# ^C

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co delete default

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co delete static

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co show

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0

[root@localhost Desktop]#

11.4

[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-*

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-Ethernet_connection_1

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection show

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

Ethernet connection 1 cbed67a1-6d16-44e6-815d-3e3554ee1b93 802-3-ethernet --

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection delete static

Error: unknown connection: static

Error: cannot delete unknown connection(s): ‘static‘.

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection add con-name static type ethernet autoconnect yes ifname eth0 ip4 172.25.0.10/24 gw4 172.25.0.254

Connection ‘static‘ (69b5c248-5aeb-4dda-bed2-6ff176103091) successfully added.

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# ls /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-static

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-static

[root@localhost Desktop]# vim !$

nmcli con reload重新加载一下才可以看见IP地址 nmcli con show eht0。

nmcli connection up static 再UP才可以查看ip addr show eth0

改了IP后，需要nmcli con down static ,再nmcli con up static

11,5

nmcli connection up static 临时生效

[root@localhost Desktop]# hostnamectl

Static hostname: n/a

Transient hostname: test.exmaple.com

Icon name: computer

Chassis: n/a

Machine ID: 946cb0e817ea4adb916183df8c4fc817

Boot ID: 42db5671e6e04410bf54573cd265ffa9

Virtualization: vmware

Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.0 (Maipo)

CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:GA:server

Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64

Architecture: x86_64

[root@localhost Desktop]#

静态主机名：

[root@localhost Desktop]# hostnamectl

Static hostname: n/a

Transient hostname: test.exmaple.com

Icon name: computer

Chassis: n/a

Machine ID: 946cb0e817ea4adb916183df8c4fc817

Boot ID: 42db5671e6e04410bf54573cd265ffa9

Virtualization: vmware

Operating System: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server 7.0 (Maipo)

CPE OS Name: cpe:/o:redhat:enterprise_linux:7.0:GA:server

Kernel: Linux 3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64

Architecture: x86_64

[root@localhost Desktop]#

改配置文件

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/hostname

test.exmaple.com

[root@localhost Desktop]# vim !$ 这样改后重启还是不生效

vim /etc/hostname

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/hostname

test9.exmaple.com

hostnamectl set-

hostname desktop0.example.com 最好是用这个命令

加DNS：

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4

::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6

172.25.254.254 classroom.example.com

172.25.254.254 content.example.com

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# vim !$ 进去加一个映射：172.25.0.10 desktop0.example.com

vim /etc/hosts

[root@localhost Desktop]# ping -c1 desktop0.example.com

PING desktop0.example.com (172.25.0.10) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from desktop0.example.com (172.25.0.10): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.714 ms

--- desktop0.example.com ping statistics ---

1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.714/0.714/0.714/0.000 ms

[root@localhost Desktop]#

加IP 网关，DNS1,DNS2

root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli connection add con-name static type ethernet autoconnect yes ifname eth0 ip4 172.25.0.10/24 gw4 172.25.0.254

Connection ‘static‘ (d5852f05-17a1-43c6-b46a-2946f9186609) successfully added.

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co mo static ipv4.dns 172.25.0.254

[root@localhost Desktop]#

[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co mo static ipv4.dns 8.8.8.8

[root@localhost Desktop]# vim /etc/resolv.conf

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co up static

Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/5)

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver 8.8.8.8

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co mo static +ipv4.dns 172.25.0.254

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co up static

Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/6)

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver 8.8.8.8

nameserver 172.25.0.254

root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver 8.8.8.8

nameserver 172.25.0.254

[root@localhost Desktop]# vi !$ 进去配置

vi /etc/resolv.conf

# Generated by NetworkManager

search example.com

nameserver 114.114.114.114

nameserver 8.8.8.8

nameserver 172.25.0.254

~ 最多可以指定三个

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co dow static

[root@localhost Desktop]# nmcli co show

NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE

static 69b5c248-5aeb-4dda-bed2-6ff176103091 802-3-ethernet --

Ethernet connection 1 cbed67a1-6d16-44e6-815d-3e3554ee1b93 802-3-ethernet --

eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0

static d5852f05-17a1-43c6-b46a-2946f9186609 802-3-ethernet --

static 1ec9d5f6-c441-464c-95b9-ab14894e6bf8 802-3-ethernet --

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat /etc/resolv.conf 再次查看发现变了，原因是每个连接口的nameserver是不一样的

# Generated by NetworkManager

domain example.com

search example.com

nameserver 172.25.254.254

[root@localhost Desktop]#

本文出自 “HCIE_38xx” 博客，谢绝转载！

RH124-11 系统网络管理

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