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【UWP】对 Thickness 类型属性进行动画

好几个月没写 blog 了,一个是在忙新版的碧影壁纸,另一方面是等(观望)周年更新的 api(不过现在还是比较失望,仍然没法支持矩形以外的 Clip)。闲话少说,进入主题。

 

在 UWP 中,出于性能考虑,微软是不建议、不推荐对会影响布局的属性进行动画的。例如 Width 和 Height 这种,如果真的需要对这些属性进行动画的话(毕竟需求就摆在那里),可以将 Animation 的 EnableDependentAnimation 属性设置为 true 来对这些属性进行动画的。

但是,对于 Thickness 类型来说,这是行不通的,因为 UWP 中并没有 ThicknessAnimation 这种动画类型(PS:WPF 里是有这种动画类型的说)。

不过既然我标题都写了出来,那办法肯定是有的。Thickness 就是四个方向分量,也就是说,对这四个方向分量进行动画就等于对这个 Thickness 进行了动画。

还有另外一点要注意的是,Thickness 类型的四个属性并不是依赖属性。

例如:

control.Margin.Left = 10;

这一句是没有效果的。

要实现效果,只能对 Margin 属性从新赋一个值:

var margin = control.Margin;margin.Left = 10;control.Margin = margin;

也就是说,我们需要一个可绑定的 Margin。(我就叫它 BindableMargin)

新建一个用户控件

技术分享

为什么是用户控件?因为经过我的发现,我们自定义的类的依赖属性,得有 xaml 文件才能进行动画。(不信你可以试试^-^)

然后修改 BindableMargin.xaml 如下:

<DependencyObject x:Class="AnimateThicknessDemo.BindableMargin"                  xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"                  xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"                  xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"                  xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"                  mc:Ignorable="d" />

相当简单的一段 xaml,设计器就无视好了。重点在 BindableMargin.xaml.cs 里,修改代码:

    public partial class BindableMargin    {        public static readonly DependencyProperty BottomProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Bottom), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), BottomChanged));        public static readonly DependencyProperty LeftProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Left), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), LeftChanged));        public static readonly DependencyProperty RightProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Right), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), RightChanged));        public static readonly DependencyProperty TopProperty = DependencyProperty.Register(nameof(Top), typeof(double), typeof(BindableMargin), new PropertyMetadata(default(double), TopChanged));        private readonly FrameworkElement _owner;        public BindableMargin(FrameworkElement owner)        {            if (owner == null)            {                throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(owner));            }            _owner = owner;        }        public double Bottom        {            get            {                var ownerBottom = _owner.Margin.Bottom;                var bottom = (double)GetValue(BottomProperty);                if (ownerBottom.Equals(bottom) == false)                {                    SetValue(BottomProperty, ownerBottom);                }                return ownerBottom;            }            set            {                SetValue(BottomProperty, value);            }        }        public double Left        {            get            {                var ownerLeft = _owner.Margin.Left;                var left = (double)GetValue(LeftProperty);                if (ownerLeft.Equals(left) == false)                {                    SetValue(LeftProperty, ownerLeft);                }                return ownerLeft;            }            set            {                SetValue(LeftProperty, value);            }        }        public double Right        {            get            {                var ownerRight = _owner.Margin.Right;                var right = (double)GetValue(RightProperty);                if (ownerRight.Equals(right) == false)                {                    SetValue(RightProperty, ownerRight);                }                return ownerRight;            }            set            {                SetValue(RightProperty, value);            }        }        public double Top        {            get            {                var ownerTop = _owner.Margin.Top;                var top = (double)GetValue(TopProperty);                if (ownerTop.Equals(top) == false)                {                    SetValue(TopProperty, ownerTop);                }                return ownerTop;            }            set            {                SetValue(TopProperty, value);            }        }        private static void BottomChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)        {            var obj = (BindableMargin)d;            var value = http://www.mamicode.com/(double)e.NewValue;            var owner = obj._owner;            var margin = owner.Margin;            margin.Bottom = value;            owner.Margin = margin;        }        private static void LeftChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)        {            var obj = (BindableMargin)d;            var value = http://www.mamicode.com/(double)e.NewValue;            var owner = obj._owner;            var margin = owner.Margin;            margin.Left = value;            owner.Margin = margin;        }        private static void RightChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)        {            var obj = (BindableMargin)d;            var value = http://www.mamicode.com/(double)e.NewValue;            var owner = obj._owner;            var margin = owner.Margin;            margin.Right = value;            owner.Margin = margin;        }        private static void TopChanged(DependencyObject d, DependencyPropertyChangedEventArgs e)        {            var obj = (BindableMargin)d;            var value = http://www.mamicode.com/(double)e.NewValue;            var owner = obj._owner;            var margin = owner.Margin;            margin.Top = value;            owner.Margin = margin;        }    }

别看代码这么多,其实不复杂。构造函数传入需要动画的控件。然后四个方向的依赖属性,值发生改变时回写到控件上。

然后动画的例子代码:

BindableMargin margin = new BindableMargin(control);DoubleAnimation animation = new DoubleAnimation();animation.EnableDependentAnimation = true;animation.From = 0;animation.To = 100;animation.Duration = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);Storyboard.SetTarget(animation, margin);Storyboard.SetTargetProperty(animation, "Left");
await storyboard.BeginAsync();// WinRTXamlToolkit 里的扩展方法。margin.Left = 100;

另外建议在动画播放完毕后,执行一次常规的赋值操作(一般赋最终值),因为视乎机器的配置,Storyboard 会有一定程度的跳帧,在低端的机器,可能动画就完全跳过去了。

 

说了这么多,还是说说有啥应用吧。

技术分享

这是一个类似 IT 之家的通知控件。通过动画了 Margin 的 Right 来实现的。

Demo 下载地址:AnimateThicknessDemo.zip

当然应用还有很多,例如对 Border 的圆角进行动画。通过这么一种“桥”的方式,我们可以对很多属性,并不局限于 Thickness 类型,也进行动画,这里就留给各位看官发挥想象了。

【UWP】对 Thickness 类型属性进行动画