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利用Attribute和IErrorHandler处理WCF全局异常

在处理WCF异常的时候,有大概几种方式:

第一种是在配置文件中,将includeExceptionDetailInFaults设置为true

<behavior name="serviceDebuBehavior"><serviceDebug includeExceptionDetailInFaults="true" /></behavior>
但是这种方式会导致敏感信息泄漏的危险,一般我们仅仅在调试的时候才开启该属性,如果已经发布,为了安全,我们一般会设置成false。

第二种方法是自定义错误,通过FaultException直接指定错误信息。

[ServiceBehavior(IncludeExceptionDetailInFaults = true)]
public class CalculatorService : ICalculator
{
throw new FaultException("被除数y不能为零!");
}
但这样我们还必须为WCF的方法里显式的去抛出异常,如果能像.NET一样,在Global里直接捕获全局的异常,并写入log4net日志多好,有没有方法在wcf里如果出现异常,异常日志写入服务器断,同时抛给客户端呢?

要实现这个,需要三步

第一步: 我们需要实现IErrorHandler接口,实现他的两个方法

bool HandleError(Exception error);
void ProvideFault(Exception error, MessageVersion version, ref Message fault);

其中HandleError是true表示终止当前session

在ProvideFault方法里我们可以写我们要抛给客户端的自定义的错误,同时也可以在服务器端写异常日志。

我们实现一个GlobalExceptionHandler ,继承自IErrorHandler,同时在ProvideFault里通过log4net写服务器端日志,如下:

 

namespace WcfService

{
    using System;
    using System.ServiceModel;
    using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
    using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;

    /// <summary>
    /// GlobalExceptionHandler
    /// </summary>
    public class GlobalExceptionHandler : IErrorHandler
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 测试log4net
        /// </summary>
        private static readonly log4net.ILog log = log4net.LogManager.GetLogger(typeof(GlobalExceptionHandler));

        #region IErrorHandler Members
        /// <summary>
        /// HandleError
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ex">ex</param>
        /// <returns>true</returns>
        public bool HandleError(Exception ex)
        {
            return true;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// ProvideFault
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="ex">ex</param>
        /// <param name="version">version</param>
        /// <param name="msg">msg</param>
        public void ProvideFault(Exception ex, MessageVersion version, ref Message msg)
        {
            //// 写入log4net
            log.Error("WCF异常", ex);
            var newEx = new FaultException(string.Format("WCF接口出错 {0}", ex.TargetSite.Name));
            MessageFault msgFault = newEx.CreateMessageFault();
            msg = Message.CreateMessage(version, msgFault, newEx.Action);
        }
        #endregion
    }
}

第二步:现在我们需要创建一个自定义的Service Behaviour Attribute,让WCF知道当WCF任何异常发生的时候,我们通过这个自定义的Attribute来处理。实现这个需要继承IServiceBehavior接口,并在此类的构造函数里,我们获取到错误类型。

一旦ApplyDispatchBehavior行为被调用时,我们通过Activator.CreateInstance创建错误handler,并把这个错误添加到每个channelDispatcher中。

ApplyDispatchBehavior

channelDispatcher中文叫信道分发器,当我们的ServiceHost调用Open方法,WCF就会创建我们的多个信道分发器(ChannelDispatcher),每个ChannelDispatcher都会拥有一个信道监听器(ChannelListener),ChannelListener就有一直在固定的端口监听,等到Message的到来,调用AcceptChannel构建信道形成信道栈,开始对Message的处理。

using System;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.ServiceModel;
using System.ServiceModel.Channels;
using System.ServiceModel.Description;
using System.ServiceModel.Dispatcher;
 
namespace WcfService
{
    public class GlobalExceptionHandlerBehaviourAttribute : Attribute, IServiceBehavior
    {
        private readonly Type _errorHandlerType;
 
        public GlobalExceptionHandlerBehaviourAttribute(Type errorHandlerType)
        {
            _errorHandlerType = errorHandlerType;
        }
 
        #region IServiceBehavior Members
 
        public void Validate(ServiceDescription description,
                             ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase)
        {
        }
 
        public void AddBindingParameters(ServiceDescription description,
                                         ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase,
                                         Collection<ServiceEndpoint> endpoints,
                                         BindingParameterCollection parameters)
        {
        }
 
        public void ApplyDispatchBehavior(ServiceDescription description,
                                          ServiceHostBase serviceHostBase)
        {
            var handler =
                (IErrorHandler) Activator.CreateInstance(_errorHandlerType);
 
            foreach (ChannelDispatcherBase dispatcherBase in 
                serviceHostBase.ChannelDispatchers)
            {
                var channelDispatcher = dispatcherBase as ChannelDispatcher;
                if (channelDispatcher != null)
                    channelDispatcher.ErrorHandlers.Add(handler);
            }
        }
 
        #endregion
    }
}

第三步:在我们的WCF的类上,加上GlobalExceptionHandlerBehaviour

using System;
 
namespace WcfService
{
    [GlobalExceptionHandlerBehaviour(typeof (GlobalExceptionHandler))]
    public class SomeService : ISomeService
    {
        #region ISomeService Members
 
        public string SomeFailingOperation()
        {
            throw new Exception("Kaboom");
            return null;
        }
 
        #endregion
    }
}
这时候,客户端和服务器端都已经分别能记录到错误的异常日志了。
附:log4net配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<configuration>
<configSections>
  <section name="log4net"
            type="log4net.Config.Log4NetConfigurationSectionHandler, log4net, Version=1.2.10.0, Culture=Neutral, PublicKeyToken=bf100aa01a5c2784" />
</configSections>
  
<log4net>
  <!-- 日志文件部分log输出格式的设定 -->
  <appender name="RollingLogFileAppender" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender">
    <file value="http://www.mamicode.com/Logs/Log_" />
    <appendToFile value="http://www.mamicode.com/true" />
    <rollingStyle value="http://www.mamicode.com/Date" />
    <datePattern value="http://www.mamicode.com/yyyyMMdd‘.txt‘" />
    <staticLogFileName value="http://www.mamicode.com/false" />
    <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
      <header value="http://www.mamicode.com/------------------------------------------------------------ " />
      <ConversionPattern value="http://www.mamicode.com/%date [%thread] %-5level %logger [%ndc] - %message%newline%newline%newline" />
    </layout>
  </appender>

  <appender name="WcfService.Api_Error" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender" LEVEL="ERROR">
    <file value="http://www.mamicode.com/Logs/API/logError_" />
    <appendToFile value="http://www.mamicode.com/true" />
    <datePattern value="http://www.mamicode.com/yyyyMMdd‘.txt‘" />
    <rollingStyle value="http://www.mamicode.com/Date" />
    <staticLogFileName value="http://www.mamicode.com/false" />
    <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
      <header value="http://www.mamicode.com/[Header] " />
      <footer value="http://www.mamicode.com/[Footer] " />
      <conversionPattern value="http://www.mamicode.com/%date{dd/MM/yyyy-HH:mm:ss} %m%newline%exception" />
    </layout>
    <filter type="log4net.Filter.LevelRangeFilter">
      <param name="LevelMin" value="http://www.mamicode.com/ERROR" />
      <param name="LevelMax" value="http://www.mamicode.com/ERROR" />
    </filter>
  </appender>

  <appender name="WcfService.Api_Info" type="log4net.Appender.RollingFileAppender" LEVEL="INFO">
    <file value="http://www.mamicode.com/Logs/API/logInfo_" />
    <appendToFile value="http://www.mamicode.com/true" />
    <datePattern value="http://www.mamicode.com/yyyyMMdd‘.txt‘" />
    <rollingStyle value="http://www.mamicode.com/Date" />
    <staticLogFileName value="http://www.mamicode.com/false" />
    <layout type="log4net.Layout.PatternLayout">
      <header value="http://www.mamicode.com/[Header] " />
      <footer value="http://www.mamicode.com/[Footer] " />
      <conversionPattern value="http://www.mamicode.com/%date{dd/MM/yyyy-HH:mm:ss} %m%newline%exception" />
    </layout>
    <filter type="log4net.Filter.LevelRangeFilter">
      <param name="LevelMin" value="http://www.mamicode.com/INFO" />
      <param name="LevelMax" value="http://www.mamicode.com/INFO" />
    </filter>
  </appender>
  
  <root>
    <level value="http://www.mamicode.com/All" />
    <appender-ref ref="RollingLogFileAppender" />
  </root>

  <logger name="WcfService" additivity="false">
    <appender-ref ref="WcfService.Api_Info" />
    <appender-ref ref="WcfService.Api_Error" />
  </logger>
</log4net>
</configuration>

利用Attribute和IErrorHandler处理WCF全局异常