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Servlet的文件上传

以下内容引用自http://wiki.jikexueyuan.com/project/servlet/file-uploading.html:

Servlet可以与HTML form标签一起使用允许用户将文件上传到服务器。上传的文件可以是文本文件或图像文件或任何文档。

一、创建一个文件上传表单

下述HTML代码创建了一个文件上传表单。以下是需要注意的几点:

  • 表单method属性应该设置为POST方法且不能使用GET方法。

  • 表单enctype属性应该设置为multipart/form-data。

  • 表单action属性应该设置为Servlet文件,能够在后端服务器处理文件上传。下面的例子是使用UploadServlet Servlet来上传文件的。

  • 要上传单个文件,应该使用单个带有属性type=“file”的<input .../>标签。为了允许多个文件上传,要包含多个带有name属性不同值的输入标签。浏览器将把一个浏览按钮和每个输入标签关联起来。
<html><head><title>File Uploading Form</title></head><body><h3>File Upload:</h3>Select a file to upload: <br /><form action="UploadServlet" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"><input type="file" name="file" size="50" /><br /><input type="submit" value="Upload File" /></form></body></html>

这将显示如下所示的结果,允许从本地计算机中选择一个文件,当用户点击“上传文件”时,表单会和选择的文件一起提交:

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二、编写后台Servlet

以下是Servlet UploadServlet,会接受上传的文件并把它储存在目录<Tomcat-installation-directory>/webapps/data中。使用外部配置,如web.xml中的context-param元素,这个目录名也可以被添加,如下所示:

<web-app>....<context-param>     <description>Location to store uploaded file</description>     <param-name>file-upload</param-name>     <param-value>         c:\apache-tomcat-5.5.29\webapps\data     </param-value> </context-param>....</web-app>

以下是UploadServlet的源代码,可以一次处理多个文件的上传。在继续操作之前,请确认下列各项:

  • 下述例子依赖于FileUpload,所以一定要确保在classpath中有最新版本的commons-fileupload.x.x.jar 文件。可以从http://commons.apache.org/fileupload/中下载。

  • FileUpload依赖于Commons IO,所以一定要确保在classpath中有最新版本的commons-io-x.x.jar文件。可以从http://commons.apache.org/io/中下载。

  • 在测试下面实例时,上传的文件大小不能大于maxFileSize,否则文件将无法上传。

  • 请确保已经提前创建好目录c:\temp and c:\apache-tomcat-5.5.29\webapps\data。

POM项目可以添加如下依赖:

        <!-- commons-fileupload -->        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-fileupload/commons-fileupload -->        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>            <version>1.3.2</version>        </dependency>        <!-- commons-io -->        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-io/commons-io -->        <dependency>            <groupId>commons-io</groupId>            <artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>            <version>2.5</version>        </dependency>

编写Servlet:

//Import required java librariesimport java.io.*;import java.util.*;import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;import javax.servlet.ServletException;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileItem;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.FileUploadException;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.disk.DiskFileItemFactory;import org.apache.commons.fileupload.servlet.ServletFileUpload;import org.apache.commons.io.output.*;public class UploadServlet extends HttpServlet {    private boolean isMultipart;    private String filePath;    private int maxFileSize = 50 * 1024;    private int maxMemSize = 4 * 1024;    private File file;    public void init() {        // Get the file location where it would be stored.        filePath = getServletContext().getInitParameter("file-upload");    }    public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, java.io.IOException {        // Check that we have a file upload request        isMultipart = ServletFileUpload.isMultipartContent(request);        response.setContentType("text/html");        java.io.PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();        if (!isMultipart) {            out.println("<html>");            out.println("<head>");            out.println("<title>Servlet upload</title>");            out.println("</head>");            out.println("<body>");            out.println("<p>No file uploaded</p>");            out.println("</body>");            out.println("</html>");            return;        }        DiskFileItemFactory factory = new DiskFileItemFactory();        // maximum size that will be stored in memory        factory.setSizeThreshold(maxMemSize);        // Location to save data that is larger than maxMemSize.        factory.setRepository(new File("c:\\temp"));        // Create a new file upload handler        ServletFileUpload upload = new ServletFileUpload(factory);        // maximum file size to be uploaded.        upload.setSizeMax(maxFileSize);        try {            // Parse the request to get file items.            List fileItems = upload.parseRequest(request);            // Process the uploaded file items            Iterator i = fileItems.iterator();            out.println("<html>");            out.println("<head>");            out.println("<title>Servlet upload</title>");            out.println("</head>");            out.println("<body>");            while (i.hasNext()) {                FileItem fi = (FileItem) i.next();                if (!fi.isFormField()) {                    // Get the uploaded file parameters                    String fieldName = fi.getFieldName();                    String fileName = fi.getName();                    String contentType = fi.getContentType();                    boolean isInMemory = fi.isInMemory();                    long sizeInBytes = fi.getSize();                    // Write the file                    if (fileName.lastIndexOf("\\") >= 0) {                        file = new File(filePath + fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\")));                    } else {                        file = new File(filePath + fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1));                    }                    fi.write(file);                    out.println("Uploaded Filename: " + fileName + "<br>");                }            }            out.println("</body>");            out.println("</html>");        } catch (Exception ex) {            System.out.println(ex);        }    }    public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, java.io.IOException {        throw new ServletException("GET method used with " + getClass().getName() + ": POST method required.");    }}

三、编译和运行Servlet

编译上述Servlet UploadServlet并在web.xml文件中创建所需的条目,如下所示:

<servlet>   <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>   <servlet-class>UploadServlet</servlet-class></servlet><servlet-mapping>   <servlet-name>UploadServlet</servlet-name>   <url-pattern>/UploadServlet</url-pattern></servlet-mapping>

现在尝试使用上面创建的HTML表单来上传文件。当访问http://localhost:8080/UploadFile.htm时,它会显示如下所示的结果,这将有助于从本地计算机中上传任何文件。

如果Servelt脚本能正常工作,那么文件会被上传到c:\apache-tomcat-5.5.29\webapps\data\目录中。

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测试工程:https://github.com/easonjim/5_java_example/tree/master/servletbasics/test11

Servlet的文件上传