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Java程序与RSR232串口通讯小练手(转载)

一直以来都是在学习J2EE方面的应用系统开发,从未想过用JAVA来编写硬件交互程序,不过自己就是喜欢尝试一些未曾接触的新东西。在网上搜索了些资源,了解到JAVA写串口通讯的还是蛮多的,那么便着手准备开发调试环境。软件程序开发环境搭建不成问题,可这硬件环境就有点犯难啦。更何况自己用的是笔记本哪来的串口呀,再说要是真拿这串口硬件来自己也不会弄,随即想到了虚拟机,觉得这东西应该也有虚拟的吧,果真跟自己的猜测一样还真有这东西,顺便也下载了个串口小助手做为调试之用。下面就先看看软件环境的搭建:

 

1.下载comm.jar、win32com.dll和javax.comm.properties。 (附件提供下载)

介绍:comm.jar提供了通讯用的java API,win32com.dll提供了供comm.jar调用的本地驱动接口,javax.comm.properties是这个驱动的类配置文件

 

2.拷贝javacomm.jar到X:\jre\lib\ext目录下面;

 

3.拷贝javax.comm.properties到X:\jre\lib目录下面;

 

4.拷贝win32com.dll到X:\jre\bin目录下面;

 

5.更新下IDE里面的JDK环境,如下图:

 

接着是硬件虚拟环境安装虚拟串口,这里我用的是VSPD6.0(附件提供下载),安装好后启动VSPD添加我们所需要的端口,注意这里是按组的方式添加的,例如COM1和COM2是一组同时添加,以此类推。如下图所示:

 

所有环境都准备好后,先来简单认识下comm.jar的内容。单从comm API的javadoc来看,SUM提供给我们的只有区区以下13个类或接口,具体如下:
javax.comm.CommDriver
javax.comm.CommPort javax.comm.ParallelPort
javax.comm.SerialPort javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier
javax.comm.CommPortOwnershipListener
javax.comm.ParallelPortEvent javax.comm.SerialPortEvent
javax.comm.ParallelPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener)
javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener (extends java.util.EventListener)
javax.comm.NoSuchPortException javax.comm.PortInUseException
javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException
 
这些类和接口命名一看便知其意,就不做一一介绍啦,可以到官网或网上找到更详细的信息。下面先测试下所搭建的环境是否可用,主要代码如下:
Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();CommPortIdentifier portId;while (en.hasMoreElements()) {    portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();    // 如果端口类型是串口,则打印出其端口信息    if (portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL) {        System.out.println(portId.getName());    }}
运行代码后,控制台有输出正确的端口(如下图),说明所有环境正常可进行下步工作,否则请检查。

  最后要解决的就是与串口数据交互的问题。在这个问题上,最主要的难点就是数据读取,因为我们不知道端口什么时候会有数据到来,也不知数据长度如何。通常,串口通信应用程序有两种模式,一种是实现SerialPortEventListener接口,监听各种串口事件并作相应处理;另一种就是建立一个独立的接收线程专门负责数据的接收。参考众多老前辈的代码后,下面就采用第一种方式写了个简单的助手程序,具体的实现请看详细代码,如下:

package com.elkan1788.view;import java.awt.BorderLayout;import java.awt.Button;import java.awt.Color;import java.awt.Font;import java.awt.GridLayout;import java.awt.Image;import java.awt.TextArea;import java.awt.TextField;import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;import java.awt.event.ActionListener;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.Enumeration;import java.util.List;import java.util.TooManyListenersException;import javax.comm.CommPortIdentifier;import javax.comm.NoSuchPortException;import javax.comm.PortInUseException;import javax.comm.SerialPort;import javax.comm.SerialPortEvent;import javax.comm.SerialPortEventListener;import javax.comm.UnsupportedCommOperationException;import javax.imageio.ImageIO;import javax.swing.JComboBox;import javax.swing.JFrame;import javax.swing.JLabel;import javax.swing.JOptionPane;import javax.swing.JPanel;import javax.swing.SwingConstants;import javax.swing.border.EmptyBorder;public class JavaRs232 extends JFrame implements ActionListener, SerialPortEventListener {    /**     * JDK Serial Version UID     */    private static final long serialVersionUID = -7270865686330790103L;    protected int WIN_WIDTH = 380;        protected int WIN_HEIGHT = 300;        private JComboBox<?> portCombox, rateCombox, dataCombox, stopCombox, parityCombox;         private Button openPortBtn, closePortBtn, sendMsgBtn;        private TextField sendTf;        private TextArea readTa;        private JLabel statusLb;        private String portname, rate, data, stop, parity;        protected CommPortIdentifier portId;        protected Enumeration<?> ports;        protected List<String> portList;    protected SerialPort serialPort;    protected OutputStream outputStream = null; protected InputStream inputStream = null;     protected String mesg;    protected int sendCount, reciveCount;        /**     * 默认构造函数     */    public JavaRs232() {                super("Java RS-232串口通信测试程序   凡梦星尘");        setSize(WIN_WIDTH, WIN_HEIGHT);        setLocationRelativeTo(null);        Image icon = null;        try {            icon = ImageIO.read(JavaRs232.class.getResourceAsStream("/res/rs232.png"));        } catch (IOException e) {            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());        }        setIconImage(icon);        setResizable(false);        scanPorts();        initComponents();        setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);        setVisible(true);    }        /**     * 初始化各UI组件     * @since 2012-3-22 下午11:56:39     */    public void initComponents() {                // 共用常量        Font lbFont = new Font("微软雅黑", Font.TRUETYPE_FONT, 14);        // 创建左边面板        JPanel northPane = new JPanel();        northPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(1, 1));        // 设置左边面板各组件        JPanel leftPane = new JPanel();                leftPane.setOpaque(false);        leftPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));        JLabel portnameLb = new JLabel("串口号:");        portnameLb.setFont(lbFont);        portnameLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);        portCombox = new JComboBox<String>((String [])portList.toArray(new String[0]));        portCombox.addActionListener(this);        JLabel databitsLb = new JLabel("数据位:");        databitsLb.setFont(lbFont);        databitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);        dataCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{5, 6, 7, 8});        dataCombox.setSelectedIndex(3);        dataCombox.addActionListener(this);        JLabel parityLb = new JLabel("校验位:");        parityLb.setFont(lbFont);        parityLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);        parityCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"NONE","ODD","EVEN","MARK","SPACE"});        parityCombox.addActionListener(this);        // 添加组件至面板        leftPane.add(portnameLb);        leftPane.add(portCombox);        leftPane.add(databitsLb);        leftPane.add(dataCombox);        leftPane.add(parityLb);        leftPane.add(parityCombox);        //创建右边面板        JPanel rightPane = new JPanel();        rightPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));        // 设置右边面板各组件        JLabel baudrateLb = new JLabel("波特率:");        baudrateLb.setFont(lbFont);        baudrateLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);        rateCombox = new JComboBox<Integer>(new Integer[]{2400,4800,9600,14400,19200,38400,56000});        rateCombox.setSelectedIndex(2);        rateCombox.addActionListener(this);        JLabel stopbitsLb = new JLabel("停止位:");        stopbitsLb.setFont(lbFont);        stopbitsLb.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.RIGHT);        stopCombox = new JComboBox<String>(new String[]{"1","2","1.5"});        stopCombox.addActionListener(this);        openPortBtn = new Button("打开端口");        openPortBtn.addActionListener(this);        closePortBtn = new Button("关闭端口");            closePortBtn.addActionListener(this);        // 添加组件至面板        rightPane.add(baudrateLb);        rightPane.add(rateCombox);        rightPane.add(stopbitsLb);        rightPane.add(stopCombox);        rightPane.add(openPortBtn);        rightPane.add(closePortBtn);        // 将左右面板组合添加到北边的面板        northPane.add(leftPane);        northPane.add(rightPane);        // 创建中间面板        JPanel centerPane = new JPanel();        // 设置中间面板各组件        sendTf = new TextField(42);        readTa = new TextArea(8,50);        readTa.setEditable(false);        readTa.setBackground(new Color(225,242,250));        centerPane.add(sendTf);        sendMsgBtn = new Button(" 发送 ");        sendMsgBtn.addActionListener(this);        // 添加组件至面板        centerPane.add(sendTf);        centerPane.add(sendMsgBtn);        centerPane.add(readTa);                // 设置南边组件        statusLb = new JLabel();        statusLb.setText(initStatus());        statusLb.setOpaque(true);                // 获取主窗体的容器,并将以上三面板以北、中、南的布局整合        JPanel contentPane = (JPanel)getContentPane();        contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());        contentPane.setBorder(new EmptyBorder(0, 0, 0, 0));        contentPane.setOpaque(false);        contentPane.add(northPane, BorderLayout.NORTH);        contentPane.add(centerPane, BorderLayout.CENTER);        contentPane.add(statusLb, BorderLayout.SOUTH);    }        /**     * 初始化状态标签显示文本     * @return String     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:01:53     */    public String initStatus() {        portname = portCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();        rate = rateCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();        data = dataCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();        stop = stopCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();        parity = parityCombox.getSelectedItem().toString();                StringBuffer str = new StringBuffer("当前串口号:");        str.append(portname).append(" 波特率:");        str.append(rate).append(" 数据位:");        str.append(data).append(" 停止位:");        str.append(stop).append(" 校验位:");        str.append(parity);        return str.toString();    }        /**     * 扫描本机的所有COM端口     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:02:42     */    public void scanPorts() {        portList = new ArrayList<String>();        Enumeration<?> en = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifiers();        CommPortIdentifier portId;        while(en.hasMoreElements()){            portId = (CommPortIdentifier) en.nextElement();            if(portId.getPortType() == CommPortIdentifier.PORT_SERIAL){                String name = portId.getName();                if(!portList.contains(name)) {                    portList.add(name);                }            }        }        if(null == portList                 || portList.isEmpty()) {            showErrMesgbox("未找到可用的串行端口号,程序无法启动!");            System.exit(0);        }    }        /**     * 打开串行端口     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:03:07     */    public void openSerialPort() {         // 获取要打开的端口        try {            portId = CommPortIdentifier.getPortIdentifier(portname);        } catch (NoSuchPortException e) {            showErrMesgbox("抱歉,没有找到"+portname+"串行端口号!");            setComponentsEnabled(true);            return ;        }        // 打开端口        try {            serialPort = (SerialPort) portId.open("JavaRs232", 2000);            statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经打开!");        } catch (PortInUseException e) {            showErrMesgbox(portname+"端口已被占用,请检查!");            setComponentsEnabled(true);            return ;        }                // 设置端口参数        try {            int rate = Integer.parseInt(this.rate);            int data = http://www.mamicode.com/Integer.parseInt(this.data);            int stop = stopCombox.getSelectedIndex()+1;            int parity = parityCombox.getSelectedIndex();            serialPort.setSerialPortParams(rate,data,stop,parity);        } catch (UnsupportedCommOperationException e) {            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());        }        // 打开端口的IO流管道         try {             outputStream = serialPort.getOutputStream();             inputStream = serialPort.getInputStream();         } catch (IOException e) {            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());        }         // 给端口添加监听器        try {             serialPort.addEventListener(this);         } catch (TooManyListenersException e) {            showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());        }         serialPort.notifyOnDataAvailable(true);     }         /**     * 给串行端口发送数据     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:00     */    public void sendDataToSeriaPort() {         try {             sendCount++;            outputStream.write(mesg.getBytes());             outputStream.flush();         } catch (IOException e) {             showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());        }                 statusLb.setText("  发送: "+sendCount+"                                      接收: "+reciveCount);    }         /**     * 关闭串行端口     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:28     */    public void closeSerialPort() {         try {             if(outputStream != null)                outputStream.close();            if(serialPort != null)                serialPort.close();             serialPort = null;            statusLb.setText(portname+"串口已经关闭!");            sendCount = 0;            reciveCount = 0;            sendTf.setText("");            readTa.setText("");        } catch (Exception e) {             showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());        }     }             /**     * 显示错误或警告信息     * @param msg 信息     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:05:47     */    public void showErrMesgbox(String msg) {        JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(this, msg);    }    /**     * 各组件行为事件监听     */    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {        if(e.getSource() == portCombox                || e.getSource() == rateCombox                || e.getSource() == dataCombox                || e.getSource() == stopCombox                || e.getSource() == parityCombox){            statusLb.setText(initStatus());        }        if(e.getSource() == openPortBtn){            setComponentsEnabled(false);                        openSerialPort();        }        if(e.getSource() == closePortBtn){            if(serialPort != null){                closeSerialPort();            }            setComponentsEnabled(true);        }                if(e.getSource() == sendMsgBtn){            if(serialPort == null){                showErrMesgbox("请先打开串行端口!");                return ;            }            mesg = sendTf.getText();            if(null == mesg || mesg.isEmpty()){                showErrMesgbox("请输入你要发送的内容!");                return ;            }            sendDataToSeriaPort();        }    }    /**     * 端口事件监听     */    public void serialEvent(SerialPortEvent event) {        switch (event.getEventType()) {            case SerialPortEvent.BI:            case SerialPortEvent.OE:            case SerialPortEvent.FE:            case SerialPortEvent.PE:            case SerialPortEvent.CD:            case SerialPortEvent.CTS:            case SerialPortEvent.DSR:            case SerialPortEvent.RI:            case SerialPortEvent.OUTPUT_BUFFER_EMPTY:                break;            case SerialPortEvent.DATA_AVAILABLE:                byte[] readBuffer = new byte[50];            try {                while (inputStream.available() > 0) {                    inputStream.read(readBuffer);                }                StringBuilder receivedMsg = new StringBuilder("/-- ");                receivedMsg.append(new String(readBuffer).trim()).append(" --/\n");                readTa.append(receivedMsg.toString());                reciveCount++;                statusLb.setText("  发送: "+sendCount+"                                      接收: "+reciveCount);            } catch (IOException e) {                showErrMesgbox(e.getMessage());            }        }    }        /**     * 设置各组件的开关状态     * @param enabled 状态     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:24     */    public void setComponentsEnabled(boolean enabled) {        openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);        openPortBtn.setEnabled(enabled);        portCombox.setEnabled(enabled);        rateCombox.setEnabled(enabled);        dataCombox.setEnabled(enabled);        stopCombox.setEnabled(enabled);        parityCombox.setEnabled(enabled);    }        /**     * 运行主函数     * @param args     * @since 2012-3-23 上午12:06:45     */    public static void main(String[] args) {        new JavaRs232();            }}
代码编写完成,按下F11键进入调试状态,一切运行正常良好,请看图:
1.启动界面

 

2.端口检测

 

3. 通讯测试

  

最后再抽空来美化程序下,效果更漂亮,谁还会说JAVA程序的界面丑陋呢,呵呵...




 

 第一次发文虽没有什么技术含量但也实属不易哪,欢迎大家拍砖,嘻嘻....

 

Java程序与RSR232串口通讯小练手(转载)