启动数据库实例，分为两步：第一步，启动监听；第二步，启动数据库实例。 一、如何启动数据库实例   1.进入到sqlplus启动实例[oracle@redhat ~]$ su - oracle                                 --“切换到oracle用户”Password:[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl start                               --“打开监听”LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:06:40Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.logListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date                14-OCT-2009 19:06:40Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.logListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))Services Summary...Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[oracle@redhat ~]$ sqlplus /nolog                                --“进入到sqlplus”SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Oct 14 19:06:45 2009Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.SQL> conn /as sysdba                                              --“连接到sysdba”Connected to an idle instance.SQL> startup                                                     --“启动数据库实例”ORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area  285212672 bytesFixed Size      1218968 bytesVariable Size     88082024 bytesDatabase Buffers   188743680 bytesRedo Buffers      7168000 bytesDatabase mounted.Database opened.SQL> shutdown immediate                                          --“关闭数据库实例”Database closed.Database dismounted.ORACLE instance shut down.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options[oracle@redhat ~]$ lsnrctl stop                                 --“关闭监听”LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:08:06Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))The command completed successfully    2.用dbstart和dbshut启动和关闭数据库实例 先启动监听 lsnrctl start启动实例  dbstart 使用dbstart命令启动数据库比较方便，但是在linux上安装好oracle之后，第一次使用dbstart命令可能会报如下错误： ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER is not SET, unable to auto-start Oracle Net ListenerUsage: /u01/app/oracle/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1/bin/dbstart ORACLE_HOME原因：dbstart和dbshut脚本文件中ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER的设置有问题，分别打开两个文件找到：用vi编辑dbstart，ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1,修改为ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME  然后保存退出，此时再运行dbstart，已经不报错了，但是没有任何反应，ps一下进程，没有oracle的进程，说明oracle实例没有正常启动。 此时的原因是在/etc/oratab的设置问题，我们vi一下，发现zgz:/home/oracle/product/10g:N最后设置的是"N"（我的环境中只有一个实例，因此只有一行配置语句），我们需要把“N”修改为“Y”。 以上的工作做好之后，dbstart就可以正常使用了： [oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl start                                   --“启动监听”LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:44:53Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Starting /home/oracle/product/10g/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionSystem parameter file is /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.oraLog messages written to /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.logListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))STATUS of the LISTENER------------------------Alias                     LISTENERVersion                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - ProductionStart Date                14-OCT-2009 19:44:53Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level               offSecurity                  ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP                      OFFListener Parameter File   /home/oracle/product/10g/network/admin/listener.oraListener Log File         /home/oracle/product/10g/network/log/listener.logListening Endpoints Summary...  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=redhat)(PORT=1522)))Services Summary...Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...The command completed successfully[oracle@redhat bin]$ dbstart                                   --“启动数据库实例”Processing Database instance "zgz": log file /home/oracle/product/10g/startup.log[oracle@redhat bin]$ dbshut                                    --“关闭数据库实例”[oracle@redhat bin]$ lsnrctl stop                              --“关闭监听”LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 14-OCT-2009 19:45:33Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC2)))The command completed successfully 二、如何使数据库实例和linux系统一起启动在/etc/rc.d/rc.local中加入如下语句即可实现同系统启动实例：su - oracle -c "lsnrctl start"su - oracle -c "dbstart"