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玩转spring boot——websocket

 前言


 

  QQ这类即时通讯工具多数是以桌面应用的方式存在。在没有websocket出现之前,如果开发一个网页版的即时通讯应用,则需要定时刷新页面或定时调用ajax请求,这无疑会加大服务器的负载和增加了客户端的流量。而websocket的出现,则完美的解决了这些问题。

spring boot对websocket进行了封装,这对实现一个websocket网页即时通讯应用来说,变得非常简单。

 

一、准备工作


 

pom.xml引入

<dependency>    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId></dependency>

完整的pom.xml文件代码如下:

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<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>com.example</groupId>    <artifactId>spring-boot-16</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>spring-boot-16</name>    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>    <parent>        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>        <version>1.5.3.RELEASE</version>        <relativePath /> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->    </parent>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>        <java.version>1.8</java.version>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>            <scope>runtime</scope>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>    </dependencies>    <build>        <plugins>            <plugin>                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>            </plugin>        </plugins>    </build></project>
pom.xml

 

二、代码编写


 

1.创建名为“WebSocketConfig.java”的类来配置websocket,并继承抽象类“AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer”

此类声明“@EnableWebSocketMessageBroker”的注解

package com.example;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.messaging.simp.config.MessageBrokerRegistry;import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer;import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.EnableWebSocketMessageBroker;import org.springframework.web.socket.config.annotation.StompEndpointRegistry;@Configuration@EnableWebSocketMessageBrokerpublic class WebSocketConfig extends AbstractWebSocketMessageBrokerConfigurer {    @Override    public void configureMessageBroker(MessageBrokerRegistry config) {        config.enableSimpleBroker("/topic");        config.setApplicationDestinationPrefixes("/app");    }    @Override    public void registerStompEndpoints(StompEndpointRegistry registry) {        registry.addEndpoint("/my-websocket").withSockJS();    }}

这里配置了以“/app”开头的websocket请求url。和名为“my-websocket”的endpoint(端点)

 

2.编写一个DTO类来承载消息:

package com.example;public class SocketMessage {    public String message;    public String date;}

 

3.创建App.java类,用于启用spring boot和用于接收、发送消息的控制器。

package com.example;import java.text.DateFormat;import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;import java.util.Date;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.MessageMapping;import org.springframework.messaging.handler.annotation.SendTo;import org.springframework.messaging.simp.SimpMessagingTemplate;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;@Controller@EnableScheduling@SpringBootApplicationpublic class App {    public static void main(String[] args) {        SpringApplication.run(App.class, args);    }    @Autowired    private SimpMessagingTemplate messagingTemplate;    @GetMapping("/")    public String index() {        return "index";    }    @MessageMapping("/send")    @SendTo("/topic/send")    public SocketMessage send(SocketMessage message) throws Exception {        DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");        message.date = df.format(new Date());        return message;    }    @Scheduled(fixedRate = 1000)    @SendTo("/topic/callback")    public Object callback() throws Exception {        // 发现消息        DateFormat df = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss");        messagingTemplate.convertAndSend("/topic/callback", df.format(new Date()));        return "callback";    }}

 

“send”方法用于接收客户端发送过来的websocket请求。

@EnableScheduling注解为:启用spring boot的定时任务,这与“callback”方法相呼应,用于每隔1秒推送服务器端的时间。

 

4.在“resources/templates”目录下创建index.html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>玩转spring boot——websocket</title><script src="//cdn.bootcss.com/angular.js/1.5.6/angular.min.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/sockjs-client/1.1.4/sockjs.min.js"></script><script src="https://cdn.bootcss.com/stomp.js/2.3.3/stomp.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript">    /*<![CDATA[*/    var stompClient = null;    var app = angular.module(app, []);    app.controller(MainController, function($rootScope, $scope, $http) {        $scope.data = {            //连接状态            connected : false,            //消息            message : ‘‘,            rows : []        };        //连接        $scope.connect = function() {            var socket = new SockJS(/my-websocket);            stompClient = Stomp.over(socket);            stompClient.connect({}, function(frame) {                // 注册发送消息                stompClient.subscribe(/topic/send, function(msg) {                    $scope.data.rows.push(JSON.parse(msg.body));                    $scope.data.connected = true;                    $scope.$apply();                });                // 注册推送时间回调                stompClient.subscribe(/topic/callback, function(r) {                    $scope.data.time = 当前服务器时间: + r.body;                    $scope.data.connected = true;                    $scope.$apply();                });                $scope.data.connected = true;                $scope.$apply();            });        };        $scope.disconnect = function() {            if (stompClient != null) {                stompClient.disconnect();            }            $scope.data.connected = false;        }        $scope.send = function() {            stompClient.send("/app/send", {}, JSON.stringify({                message : $scope.data.message            }));        }    });    /*]]>*/</script></head><body ng-app="app" ng-controller="MainController">    <h2>玩转spring boot——websocket</h2>    <h4>        出处:刘冬博客 <a href="http://www.cnblogs.com/goodhelper">http://www.cnblogs.com/goodhelper</a>    </h4>    <label>WebSocket连接状态:</label>    <button type="button" ng-disabled="data.connected" ng-click="connect()">连接</button>    <button type="button" ng-click="disconnect()"        ng-disabled="!data.connected">断开</button>    <br />    <br />    <div ng-show="data.connected">        <label>{{data.time}}</label> <br /> <br /> <input type="text"            ng-model="data.message" placeholder="请输入内容..." />        <button ng-click="send()" type="button">发送</button>        <br /> <br /> 消息列表: <br />        <table>            <thead>                <tr>                    <th>内容</th>                    <th>时间</th>                </tr>            </thead>            <tbody>                <tr ng-repeat="row in data.rows">                    <td>{{row.message}}</td>                    <td>{{row.date}}</td>                </tr>            </tbody>        </table>    </div></body></html>

 

除了引用angular.js的CDN文件外,还需要引用sockjs和stomp。

 

完整的项目结构,如下图所示:

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三、运行效果


 

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点击“连接”按钮,出现发送消息的输入框。并接收到服务器端的时间推送。

输入发送内容并点击“发送”按钮后,页面显示出刚才发送的消息。

点击“断开”按钮,则服务器端不会再推送消息。

 

 

总结


 

在开发一个基于web的即时通讯应用的过程中,我们还需考虑session的机制。

还需要一个集合来承载当前的在线用户,并做一个定时任务,其目的是用轮询的方式定时处理在线用户的状态,有哪些用户在线,又有哪些用户离线。

 

参考:

http://spring.io/guides/gs/scheduling-tasks/
http://spring.io/guides/gs/messaging-stomp-websocket/

 

代码地址:

https://github.com/carter659/spring-boot-16

 

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