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IntelliJ IDEA:Getting Started with Spring MVC, Hibernate and JSON实践

最近把编辑器换成IntelliJ IDEA,主要是Eclipse中处理Maven项目很不方便,很早就听说IntelliJ IDEA的大名了,但是一直没机会试试。最近终于下载安装了,由于是新手,决定尝试个Tutorials,最终找了个熟悉点的项目,就是Getting Started with Spring MVC, Hibernate and JSON(http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/IntelliJIDEA/Getting+Started+with+Spring+MVC%2C+Hibernate+and+JSON)。废话不多说了, 下面是我的实践过程:

在实践之前,有个问题首先要明确下,在IntelliJ IDEA中project相当于Eclipse中的workspace,module相当于Eclipse中的project。

1.创建Project。具体的过程我就不详述了,可以在官方的Tutorials中查看。下面是我的project structure截图

2.配置Tomcat,这步很简单,没什么可说的。配置完成后,将步骤1中建立的项目deployed到Tomcat上运行,等Tomcat启动完成后,就会启动你默认的浏览器,如果上面的步骤没什么错误的话,你就可以在你的浏览器中看到Hello World!了。

 

3.添加依赖。因为要使用数据库,Hibernate,JPA等。所以需要在pom文件中添加对应的依赖。等你添加完成后,IntelliJ IDEA会自动引入或下载所需的包。

4.接下来是创建持久化的配置文件。这个地方需要注意路径的问题。具体的路径可以查看project structure截图。这个配置文件中都是数据库的配置信息。数据库使用的是hsqldb,如果不想使用,可以改成自己想用的数据库,但是要注意修改相应的jar包。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><persistence version="2.0" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_0.xsd">    <persistence-unit name="defaultPersistenceUnit" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">        <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>        <properties>            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="org.hibernate.dialect.HSQLDialect" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:hsqldb:mem:spring" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.hsqldb.jdbcDriver" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="sa" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="" />            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop" />        </properties>    </persistence-unit></persistence>

5.配置Model类,使用的技术为JPA。

package com.springapp.mvc;import javax.persistence.*;/** * Created by yul on 2014/12/18. */@Entity(name = "account")public class User {    @Id    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)    private Long id;    @Basic    private String firstName;    @Basic    private String lastName;    @Basic    private String email;    public Long getId() {        return id;    }    public String getFirstName() {        return firstName;    }    public String getLastName() {        return lastName;    }    public String getEmail() {        return email;    }    public void setId(Long id) {        this.id = id;    }    public void setFirstName(String firstName) {        this.firstName = firstName;    }    public void setLastName(String lastName) {        this.lastName = lastName;    }    public void setEmail(String email) {        this.email = email;    }}

定义service,这里官方的示例代码中没有@Repository注解,需要添加上

package com.springapp.mvc;import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;/** * Created by yul on 2014/12/18. */@Repositorypublic interface UserRepository extends JpaRepository<User, Long> {}

6.注册bean。包括repository, entity manager factory and transaction manager

<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"       xmlns:jpa="http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa http://www.springframework.org/schema/data/jpa/spring-jpa.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">    <context:component-scan base-package="com.springapp.mvc"/>    <jpa:repositories base-package="com.springapp.mvc" />    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalEntityManagerFactoryBean">        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="defaultPersistenceUnit" />    </bean>    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory"/>    </bean>    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>    </bean></beans>

7.定义Controller。

package com.springapp.mvc;import org.json.JSONArray;import org.json.JSONException;import org.json.JSONObject;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;import org.springframework.validation.BindingResult;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;/** * Created by yul on 2014/12/18. */@Controllerpublic class UserController {    @Autowired    private UserRepository userRepository;    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)    public String listUsers(ModelMap model) {        model.addAttribute("user", new User());        model.addAttribute("users", userRepository.findAll());        return "users";    }    @RequestMapping(value = "/add", method = RequestMethod.POST)    public String addUser(@ModelAttribute("user")User user, BindingResult result) {        userRepository.save(user);        return "redirect:/";    }    @RequestMapping(value = "/delete/{userId}")    public String deleteUser(@PathVariable("userId") Long userId) {        userRepository.delete(userRepository.findOne(userId));        return "redirect:/";    }    @RequestMapping(value = "/api/users", method = RequestMethod.GET)    public    @ResponseBody    String listUsersJson(ModelMap model) throws JSONException {        JSONArray userArray = new JSONArray();        for (User user : userRepository.findAll()) {            JSONObject userJSON = new JSONObject();            userJSON.put("id", user.getId());            userJSON.put("firstName", user.getFirstName());            userJSON.put("lastName", user.getLastName());            userJSON.put("email", user.getEmail());            userArray.put(userJSON);        }        return userArray.toString();    }    }

我把后面返回JSON数据的方法也加上了。

8.定义view。官方提供的Bootstrap的CDN不好用,估计是GFW的问题,可以换成国内的。如果对于Bootstrap有兴趣,可以去这个网址http://www.bootcss.com/看看

<!doctype html><%@taglib prefix="spring" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" %><%@taglib prefix="form" uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags/form" %><%@taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core" %><html><head>    <meta charset="utf-8">    <title>Spring MVC Application</title>    <meta content="IE=edge, chrome=1" http-equiv="X-UA-COMPATIBLE">    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">    <!-- 新 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 -->    <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://cdn.bootcss.com/bootstrap/3.3.0/css/bootstrap.min.css">    <%--<link href="http://twitter.github.io/bootstrap/assets/css/bootstrap.css" rel="stylesheet">--%>    <%--<link href="http://twitter.github.io/bootstrap/assets/css/bootstrap-responsive.css" rel="stylesheet">--%></head><body><div class="container">    <div class="row">        <div class="span8 offset2">            <h1>User</h1>            <form:form method="post" action="add" commandName="user" class="form-horizontal">                <div class="control-group">                    <form:label cssClass="control-label" path="firstName">First Name:</form:label>                    <div class="controls">                        <form:input path="firstName" />                    </div>                </div>                <div class="control-group">                    <form:label cssClass="control-label" path="lastName">Last Name:</form:label>                    <div class="controls">                        <form:input path="lastName" />                    </div>                </div>                <div class="control-group">                    <form:label cssClass="control-label" path="email">Email:</form:label>                    <div class="controls">                        <form:input path="email" />                    </div>                </div>                <div class="control-group">                    <div class="controls">                        <input type="submit" value="Add User" class="btn" />                    </div>                </div>            </form:form>            <c:if test="${!empty users}">                <h3>Users</h3>                <table class="table table-bordered table-striped">                    <thead>                    <tr>                        <th>Name</th>                        <th>Email</th>                        <th>&nbsp;</th>                    </tr>                    </thead>                    <tbody>                    <c:forEach items="${users}" var="user">                        <tr>                            <td>${user.lastName}, ${user.firstName}</td>                            <td>${user.email}</td>                            <td>                                <form action="/delete/${user.id}" method="post">                                    <input type="submit" class="btn btn-danger btn-mini" value="Delete" />                                </form>                            </td>                        </tr>                    </c:forEach>                    </tbody>                </table>            </c:if>        </div>    </div></div></body></html>

到了这里,基本任务就算完成了。

下面就是测试了。在Tomcat中运行起你的项目。就可以在浏览器中看到效果了.

如果想查看返回的JSON数据。在浏览器中输入http://localhost:8080/api/users 即可。

 

IntelliJ IDEA:Getting Started with Spring MVC, Hibernate and JSON实践