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MySQL用户管理
1. MySQL用户管理
‘user‘@‘host‘;
host:IP、主机名、NETWORK、%(任意长字符),_(任意单个字符)
skip_name_resolve={ON|OFF} 跳过主机名解析
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
skip_name_resolve=ON
2.查看用户
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> SELECT User,Host,Password FROM user;
3.创建用户
CREATE USER ‘user‘@‘host‘ [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] ‘password‘] [,‘user‘@‘host‘ [IDENTIFIED BY [PASSWORD] ‘password‘]...]
示例：
MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE USER ‘tom‘@‘127.0.0.1‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘liumanlin‘ , ‘jerry‘@‘%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘liumanlin‘;
4.重命名：RENAME USER
RENAME USER old_user TO new_user[, old_user TO new_user] ...
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> RENAME USER ‘tom‘@‘127.0.0.1‘ TO ‘jerry‘@‘172.18.%.%‘;
5.删除用户
DROP USER ‘user‘@‘host‘ [, ‘user‘@‘host‘] ...
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> DROP USER ‘jerry‘@‘%‘; MariaDB [mysql]> DROP USER ‘‘@‘localhost‘;
6.让MySQL重新加载授权列表
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
7.修改用户密码
(1) SET PASSWORD [FOR ‘user‘@‘host‘] = PASSWORD(‘cleartext password‘); PASSWORD是MySQL内建加密函数
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> SET PASSWORD FOR ‘root‘@‘localhost‘ = PASSWORD(‘liumanlin‘); MariaDB [mysql]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
(2) UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD(‘cleartext password‘) WHERE User=‘USERNAME‘ AND Host=‘HOST‘;
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD(‘liumanlin‘) WHERE User=‘root‘ AND Host=‘127.0.0.1‘; MariaDB [mysql]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
(3) mysqladmin -uUSERNAME -hHOST -p password ‘NEW_PASS‘
示例：
[root@node2 ~]# mysqladmin -h127.0.0.1 -uroot -p password ‘liumanlin‘;
8.忘记管理员密码的解决办法
(1) 启动mysqld进程时，使用--skip-grant-tables和--skip-networking选项
示例：
CentOS 7：
[root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking [root@node2 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
CentOS 6：
[root@node2 ~]# vim /etc/init.d/mysqld 同理
(2) 通过UPDATE命令修改管理员密码
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> UPDATE user SET Password=PASSWORD(‘liumanlin‘) WHERE User=‘root‘ AND Host=‘127.0.0.1‘; [root@node2 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service ExecStart=/usr/bin/mysqld_safe --basedir=/usr
(3) 以正常方式启动mysqld进程；
示例：
[root@node2 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@node2 ~]# systemctl restart mariadb.service
9.授权：GRANT
GRANT priv_type [(column_list)] [, priv_type [(column_list)]] ...
ON [object_type] priv_level
TO user_specification [, user_specification] ...
[REQUIRE {NONE | ssl_option [[AND] ssl_option] ...}]
[WITH with_option ...]
object_type(对象类型):
TABLE
| FUNCTION
| PROCEDURE
priv_level:
*
| *.*(所有库的所有表)
| db_name.*(指定库的所有表)
| db_name.tbl_name(指定库的指定表)
| tbl_name(指定表)
| db_name.routine_name(指定库的指定函数)
ssl_option:
SSL
| X509
| CIPHER ‘cipher‘
| ISSUER ‘issuer‘
| SUBJECT ‘subject‘
with_option:
GRANT OPTION
| MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR count
| MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR count
| MAX_CONNECTIONS_PER_HOUR count
| MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS count
示例1：
MariaDB [mysql]> GRANT CREATE ON hidb.* TO ‘jerry‘@‘172.18.%.%‘; [root@node2 ~]# mysql -ujerry -h172.18.67.12 -p MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE hidb; MariaDB [(none)]> use hidb; MariaDB [hidb]> CREATE TABLE tbl1 (name CHAR(20)); MariaDB [hidb]> CREATE INDEX test ON tbl1(name); ERROR 1142 (42000): INDEX command denied to user ‘jerry‘@‘172.18.67.12‘ for table ‘tbl1‘ (无权创建索引，用以下方法) MariaDB [mysql]> GRANT INDEX ON hidb.* TO ‘jerry‘@‘172.18.%.%‘; MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW GRANTS FOR ‘jerry‘@‘172.18.%.%‘; MariaDB [hidb]> CREATE INDEX test ON tbl1(name); (授权成功)
示例2：
MariaDB [mysql]> CREATE USER ‘tom‘@‘172.18.%.%‘ IDENTIFIED BY ‘liumanlin‘; [root@node2 ~]# mysql -utom -h172.18.67.12 -p (可正常登录) MariaDB [mysql]> GRANT ALL ON hidb.* TO ‘tom‘@‘172.18.%.%‘ REQUIRE SSL; (使用ssl授权登录) MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW GRANTS FOR ‘tom‘@‘172.18.%.%‘; MariaDB [mysql]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES; [root@node2 ~]# mysql -utom -h172.18.67.12 -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user ‘tom‘@‘172.18.67.12‘ (using password: YES) (无法连接，需指明ssl证书)
示例3：
MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES LIKE ‘%ssl%‘; +---------------+----------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------+ | have_openssl | DISABLED | | have_ssl | DISABLED | | ssl_ca | | | ssl_capath | | | ssl_cert | | | ssl_cipher | | | ssl_key | | +---------------+----------+
10.查看授权：SHOW GRANTS
SHOW GRANTS [FOR ‘user‘@‘host‘]
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW GRANTS FOR ‘tom‘@‘172.18.%.%‘;
11.取消授权：REVOKE
REVOKE priv_type [(column_list)][, priv_type [(column_list)]] ... ON [object_type] priv_level FROM ‘user‘@‘host‘ [, ‘user‘@‘host‘] ... REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM user [, user] ...
示例：
MariaDB [mysql]> REVOKE CREATE VIEW ON hidb.* FROM ‘tom‘@‘172.18.%.%‘; MariaDB [mysql]> SHOW GRANTS FOR ‘tom‘@‘172.18.%.%‘; MariaDB [mysql]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
MySQL用户管理