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iOS 各种系统文件目录 临时,缓存,document,lib,归档,序列化
Java代码
- /**
- 1:Documents:应用中用户数据可以放在这里,iTunes备份和恢复的时候会包括此目录
- 2:tmp:存放临时文件,iTunes不会备份和恢复此目录,此目录下文件可能会在应用退出后删除
- 3:Library/Caches:存放缓存文件,iTunes不会备份此目录,此目录下文件不会在应用退出删除
- */
- NSArray *paths1=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory
- , NSUserDomainMask
- , YES);
- NSString *documentsDirect=[paths1 objectAtIndex:0];
- assert(1 == paths1.count);
- NSLog(@">>documentsDirect=%@",documentsDirect);
- NSArray *Librarypaths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentationDirectory, NSDocumentDirectory, YES);
- NSString* libraryDirectory = [Librarypaths objectAtIndex:0];
- NSLog(@">>Librarypaths.length =%d",[Librarypaths count]);
- assert(1 < Librarypaths.count);
- NSLog(@"libraryDirectory=%@",libraryDirectory);
- //如果要指定其他文件目录,比如Caches目录,需要更换目录工厂常量,上面代码其他的可不变
- NSArray *pathcaches=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory
- , NSUserDomainMask
- , YES);
- NSString* cacheDirectory = [pathcaches objectAtIndex:0];
- NSLog(@"cacheDirectory=%@",cacheDirectory);
- /**
- 使用NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains只能定位Caches目录和Documents目录。
- tmp目录,不能按照上面的做法获得目录了,有个函数可以获得应用的根目录
- */
- NSString *tempDir1=NSHomeDirectory() ;
- NSString *tempDir2=NSTemporaryDirectory();
- NSLog(@"tempDir1=%@",tempDir1);
- NSLog(@"tempDir2=%@",tempDir2);
/** 1:Documents:应用中用户数据可以放在这里,iTunes备份和恢复的时候会包括此目录 2:tmp:存放临时文件,iTunes不会备份和恢复此目录,此目录下文件可能会在应用退出后删除 3:Library/Caches:存放缓存文件,iTunes不会备份此目录,此目录下文件不会在应用退出删除 */ NSArray *paths1=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentDirectory , NSUserDomainMask , YES); NSString *documentsDirect=[paths1 objectAtIndex:0]; assert(1 == paths1.count); NSLog(@">>documentsDirect=%@",documentsDirect); NSArray *Librarypaths = NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSDocumentationDirectory, NSDocumentDirectory, YES); NSString* libraryDirectory = [Librarypaths objectAtIndex:0]; NSLog(@">>Librarypaths.length =%d",[Librarypaths count]); assert(1 < Librarypaths.count); NSLog(@"libraryDirectory=%@",libraryDirectory); //如果要指定其他文件目录,比如Caches目录,需要更换目录工厂常量,上面代码其他的可不变 NSArray *pathcaches=NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains(NSCachesDirectory , NSUserDomainMask , YES); NSString* cacheDirectory = [pathcaches objectAtIndex:0]; NSLog(@"cacheDirectory=%@",cacheDirectory); /** 使用NSSearchPathForDirectoriesInDomains只能定位Caches目录和Documents目录。 tmp目录,不能按照上面的做法获得目录了,有个函数可以获得应用的根目录 */ NSString *tempDir1=NSHomeDirectory() ; NSString *tempDir2=NSTemporaryDirectory(); NSLog(@"tempDir1=%@",tempDir1); NSLog(@"tempDir2=%@",tempDir2);
归档 普通自定义对象和字节流之间的转换
序列化 某些特定类型(NSDictionary, NSArray, NSString, NSDate, NSNumber,NSData)的数据和字节流之间(通常将其保存为plist文件)的转换
2.1 归档
如果我们需要将自定义的一个对象保存到文件,应该如何做呢?
这里引入两个东西:一个是NSCoding协议 ;另一个是NSKeyedArchiver,NSKeyedArchiver其实继承于NSCoder,可以以键值对的方式将对象的属性进行序列化和反序列化。
具体的过程可以这样描述 通过NSKeyedArchiver 可以将实现了NSCoding协议的对象 和 字节流 相互转换 。
像一些框架中的数据类型如NSDictionary,NSArray,NSString... 都已经实现了NSCoding协议,所以可以直接对他们进行归档操作。
这里来一个比较完整的例子,一个Address类,一个User类,User类下有个Address类型的属性
Java代码
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- @interface Address : NSObject<NSCoding>
- {
- NSString *country;
- NSString *city;
- }
- @property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *country;
- @property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *city;
- @end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>@interface Address : NSObject<NSCoding>{ NSString *country; NSString *city;}@property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *country;@property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *city; @end
Java代码
- #import "Address.h"
- @implementation Address
- @synthesize country;
- @synthesize city;
- - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
- [aCoder encodeObject:country forKey:@"country"];
- [aCoder encodeObject:city forKey:@"city"];
- }
- - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
- if (self = [super init]) {
- [self setCountry:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"country"]];
- [self setCity:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"city"]];
- } return self;
- }
- @end
#import "Address.h"@implementation Address@synthesize country;@synthesize city;- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{ [aCoder encodeObject:country forKey:@"country"]; [aCoder encodeObject:city forKey:@"city"];}- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{ if (self = [super init]) { [self setCountry:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"country"]]; [self setCity:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"city"]]; } return self;}@end
Java代码
- #import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
- #import "Address.h"
- @interface User : NSObject<NSCoding>{
- NSString *_name;
- NSString *_password;
- Address *_address;
- }
- @property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *name;
- @property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *password;
- @property(nonatomic,retain) Address *address;
- @end
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>#import "Address.h"@interface User : NSObject<NSCoding>{ NSString *_name; NSString *_password; Address *_address;}@property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *name;@property(nonatomic,copy) NSString *password;@property(nonatomic,retain) Address *address;@end
Java代码
- #import "User.h"
- @implementation User
- @synthesize name = _name;
- @synthesize password = _password;
- @synthesize address = _address;
- - (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{
- [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"];
- [aCoder encodeObject:_password forKey:@"password"];
- [aCoder encodeObject:_address forKey:@"address"];
- }
- - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{
- if (self = [super init]) {
- [self setName:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"]];
- [self setPassword:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"password"]];
- [self setAddress:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"address"]];
- }
- return self;
- }
- @end
#import "User.h"@implementation User@synthesize name = _name;@synthesize password = _password;@synthesize address = _address;- (void)encodeWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aCoder{ [aCoder encodeObject:_name forKey:@"name"]; [aCoder encodeObject:_password forKey:@"password"]; [aCoder encodeObject:_address forKey:@"address"];}- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder *)aDecoder{ if (self = [super init]) { [self setName:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"name"]]; [self setPassword:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"password"]]; [self setAddress:[aDecoder decodeObjectForKey:@"address"]]; } return self;}@end
操作应用
Java代码
- NSString *tempDir2=NSTemporaryDirectory();
- // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib.
- Address *myAddress = [[Address alloc] init] ;
- myAddress.country = @"中国";
- myAddress.city = @"杭州";
- User *user = [[User alloc] init] ;
- user.name = @"卢克";
- user.password = @"lukejin";
- user.address = myAddress;
- //归档 保存的是plist的二进制数据格式
- NSString *path = [tempDir2 stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"user"];
- [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:user toFile:path];
- //从文档中读取
- User *object = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path];
- NSLog(@"object.name : %@",object.name);
NSString *tempDir2=NSTemporaryDirectory(); // Do any additional setup after loading the view, typically from a nib. Address *myAddress = [[Address alloc] init] ; myAddress.country = @"中国"; myAddress.city = @"杭州"; User *user = [[User alloc] init] ; user.name = @"卢克"; user.password = @"lukejin"; user.address = myAddress; //归档 保存的是plist的二进制数据格式 NSString *path = [tempDir2 stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"user"]; [NSKeyedArchiver archiveRootObject:user toFile:path]; //从文档中读取 User *object = [NSKeyedUnarchiver unarchiveObjectWithFile:path]; NSLog(@"object.name : %@",object.name);
使用数据对象自带的方法,如字典类写文件:
数据:
Java代码
- NSMutableDictionary *dataDictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init] ;
- [dataDictionary setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:222] forKey:@"intNumber"];
- [dataDictionary setValue:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2", nil] forKey:@"testArray"];
NSMutableDictionary *dataDictionary = [[NSMutableDictionary alloc] init] ; [dataDictionary setValue:[NSNumber numberWithInt:222] forKey:@"intNumber"]; [dataDictionary setValue:[NSArray arrayWithObjects:@"1",@"2", nil] forKey:@"testArray"];
写文件
Java代码
- [dataDictionary writeToFile:@"/Users/zhoumoban/Desktop/test.plist" atomically:YES];
[dataDictionary writeToFile:@"/Users/zhoumoban/Desktop/test.plist" atomically:YES];
读文件:
Java代码
- NSDictionary *dictionaryFromFile = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/zhoumoban/Desktop/test.plist"];
- NSLog(@"%@",[dictionaryFromFile objectForKey:@"intNumber"]);
NSDictionary *dictionaryFromFile = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/zhoumoban/Desktop/test.plist"]; NSLog(@"%@",[dictionaryFromFile objectForKey:@"intNumber"]);
另外:使用NSPropertyListSerialization类。通过NSPropertyListSerialization类可以将数据对象直接转成NSData或者直接写到文件或者流中去
Java代码
- NSString *error;
- NSData *xmlData = [NSPropertyListSerialization dataFromPropertyList:dataDictionary format:NSPropertyListXMLFormat_v1_0 errorDescription:&error];
- if(xmlData) {
- NSLog(@"No error creating XML data.");
- [xmlData writeToFile:@"/Users/zhoumoban/Desktop/test2.plist" atomically:YES];
- } else {
- if (error) {
- NSLog(@"error:%@", error);
- // [error release];
- }
- }
- //读取
- NSDictionary *dictionaryFromFile2 = (NSDictionary *)[NSPropertyListSerialization propertyListWithData:[NSData dataWithContentsOfFile:@"/Users/zhoumoban/Desktop/test2.plist"] options:0 format:NULL error:&error];
- NSLog(@"===%@",[dictionaryFromFile2 objectForKey:@"intNumber"]);
iOS 各种系统文件目录 临时,缓存,document,lib,归档,序列化
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