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正则表达式
1;"abcde".find("b")
>>>1
2;abcde".find("bc")
>>>1 [其中把bc看做是一个整体,第一个是把b单独看做是一个整体】
3;
"abcd".split("b")
>>>["a","cd"]
4;split分割复符
"abcd".split("b")
>>>["a","cd"]
import re
p = re.compile(r"\d+")
r = p.split("one1two2three3four4")
print(r )
[‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, ‘‘]
其中\d表示取十进制+表示一到多 分割时先匹配数字1
当split进行分割时除去1234四个数先把one和two2three3four4"分别看做两个整体把1除去再把two2和three3four4分别看做两个整体除去2以此类推当分到four4时把four和4看做两个整体把four留下4除去,除去后4用空格表示即‘ ‘
import re
p = re.compile(r"\d+")
r = p.split("4one1two2three3four4")
print(r )
[‘‘,‘one‘, ‘two‘, ‘three‘, ‘four‘, ‘‘]
re.split("[bc]","abcd") ["a"," ","d"]
b分完后得acd acd再用c去分得
["a"," ","d"]
5;replace替代符
"abcd".replace("ab","ee")
"eecd"
替换sub与subn的区别
re.sub("g.t","have","I get A, I got B , I gut C")
"I have A, I have B , I have C"
re.sub("g.t","have","I get A, I got B , I gut C",2)
"I have A, I have B ,I gut C"
re.subN("g.t","have","I get A, I got B , I gut C")
("I have A, I have B , I have C",3)
sub中. 表示一个字符其中2表示可随意定义替换几次1次两次三次
subn 中其输出结果后面的三表示替换了三次 是二则表示替换了两次。
6;compile查找所有包含“oo”的单词compile在英语中表示编辑 汇编
import re
text = "JGood is a handsome boy, he is cool,clever,and so"
regex = re.compile(r"\w*oo\w*")
print(regex.findall(text))
[‘JGood‘, ‘cool‘]
二,字符匹配(普通字符,元字符):
1普通字符:大多数字符和字母都会和自身匹配
findall("alex","wqjdalexjh")
["alex"]
findall("alex","wqjdalexjhalex")
["alex","alex"]
2 元字符: . ^ $ * + ? {} [] | () \
. .表示通配符只能匹配一个元素
.表示除了换行符任何一个字符都能匹配上,中间只能衔接一个元素。
findall("al.x","wqjdalexjhalex")
["alex"]
findall("alex.w","wqjdalexswjh")
["alexsw"]
^ ^匹配的内容必须是“^”开头的元素(尖角符)^必须放在开头
re.findall("^alex","wqjdalexjh")
[]
re.findall("^alex","alexjh")
["alex"]
re.findall("^alex","ssw^alexjh")
[]
$ $匹配的内容必须是“$”结尾的元素(到了符)$必须放在结尾
re.findall("$alex","sadsaqalex")
["alex"]
* *匹配零到多个重复元素,也是贪婪匹配后面有几个匹配几个。
re.findall("alex*","sadsaqalex")
["alex"]
re.findall("alex*","sadsaqalexxxx")
["alexxxx"]
re.findall("ale*","sadsaqale")
["ale"]
+ +匹配一到多次重复元素,也是贪婪匹配后面有几个匹配几个
re.findall("alex+","sadsaqalexxxx")
["alexxxx"]
re.findall("ale+","sadsaqale")
[]
? ?匹配 零到一重复 非贪婪匹配
re.findall("alex?","sadsaqalexxxx")
["alex"]
re.findall("ale?","sadsaqale")
["ale"]
re.findall("alex?","sadsaqalex")
["alex"]
{ } { }匹配到n个重复元素若{3,5}表示[3,5]内闭区间的元素3个4个5个,想几次就几次。非贪婪匹配。
re.findall("alex{3}","sadsaqalexxxxx")
["alexxx"]
re.findall("alex{3,5}","sadsaqalexxx")
["alexxx"]
re.findall("alex{3,5}","sadsaqalexxxx")
["alexxxx"]
re.findall("alex{3,5}","sadsaqalexxxxx")
["alexxxxx"]
[ ] [ ]举例[bc]匹配括号内b或c
re.findall("a[bc]d","wwwabd") ["abd"] re.findall("a[bc]d","wwwacd") ["acd"] re.findall("a[bc]d","wwwabcd") []
原字符在字符集里没有意义
re.findall("a[.]d","wwwaqd")
[]
re.findall("a[.]d","wwwaod")
[]
re.findall("a[.]d","wwwa.d")
["a.d"]
在字符集里有特殊意义的字符集
re.findall("[a-z]"),"wwwa.d") ["w",“w”,“w”,“a”,“d”] re.findall("[1-9]"),"w3wwa8.d") [“3”,“8”] re.findall("[1-9]"),"w3wwa8.d")表示非的意思即除了1到9其它都要。 ["w",“w”,“w”,“a”,“。”,“d”] re.findall("[1-9]"),"w3wwa8.d0") ["w",“w”,“w”,“a”,“。”,“d”,“0”]
re.findall("[\d]","ww3wa8.d0") ["3","8","0"]
\ \:1.反斜杠后面的元字符去除特殊功能,
2.反斜杠后边的跟普通字符实现特殊功能
3.引用序号对应的字组所匹配的字符串
\d 匹配任何十进制数;它相当于类【 0-9】。匹配一个数字
\D 匹配任何非数字字符;它相当于类【 ^0-9】。
\s 匹配任何空白字符;它相当于类【\t\n\r\f\v】。
\S 匹配任何非空白字符;它相当于类【^\t\n\r\f\v】。
\w 匹配任何字母数字字符;它相当于类【a-zA-ZO-9】.。
\W 匹配任何非字母数字字符;它相当于类【^a-zA-ZO-9】。
\b; 匹配一个单词边界,也就是指单词和空格间的位置。
re.findall("abc\b",asdas abc ")
[]
re.findall(r"abc\b",asdas abc ")
["abc"]
re.findall(r"abc\b",asdas abc*")
["abc"]
re.findall(r"I\b","I MISS IOU")
["I"]
re.findall(r"I\b"," MISS IOU")
[]
re.findall(r"\Ib","I MISS IOU")
["I","I"]
re.findall("abc\\b",asdas abc ")
["abc"]
等于
re.findall(r"abc\b",asdas abc ")
["abc"]
re.findall("\d","ww3wa8.d0")
["3","8","0"]
re.findall("\w","ww3wa8.d0")
[ "w", "w","3", "w","a","8","d","0"]
re.findall("\s","ww3wa8.d0")
[" "]
re.findall("[\d]","ww3wa8.d0")
["3","8","0"]
search与match的区别
re.search("(ab)*","aba").group()
"ab"
re.search("alex*","abalex").group()
"alex"
re.search("alex*","abalexdsfaalex").group()
"alex"
re.match("alex*","abalexdsfaalex")
none
import re
a = "123abc456"
re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(0)
"123abc456"
re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(1)
"123"
re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(2)
"abc"
re.search("([0-9]*)([a-z]*)([0-9]*)",a).group(3)
"456"
其中group内的零表示取得是括号内的所有元组1代表第一个元组0表示所有元组2表示第二个元组3表示第三个元组
( ) ( )如果有括号表示先清算括号里面的
re.findall(r"a(\d+)","a23b")
["23"]
re.search(r"a(\d+)","a23b").group()
"a23"
re.search(r"a(\d+)","a2355555888b").group()
"a2355555888"
re.search(r"a(\d+?)","a2366666b").group()
"a2"
re.search(r"a(\d*?)","a2366666b").group()
"a"
注意比较这种情况:
re.findall(r"a(\d+)b","a23b") ["23"]
re.I 使匹配对大小写不敏感
re.L 做本地化识别(locale-aware)匹配
re.M 多行匹配,影响 ^ 和 $
re.S 使 . 匹配包括换行在内的所有字符
re.U 根据Unicode字符集解析字符。这个标志影响 \w,\W, \b
补充:
re.findall("www.(baidu|laonanhai).com,"sadd www.baidu.com")
["baidu"]其中findall表示优先取元组里的即输出["baidu"]
re.findall("www.(baidu|laonanhai).com,"sadd www.laonanhai.com")
["laonanhai"]
re.findall("www.(?:baidu|laonanhai).com,"sadd www.laonanhai.com")
["laonanhai"]
?:表示去掉在python中优先取元组元素的原则
正则表达式