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MongoDB整库备份与还原以及单个collection备份、恢复

备份前的检查
> show dbs
MyDB 0.0625GB
admin (empty)
bruce 0.0625GB
local (empty)
test 0.0625GB
> use MyDB
switched to db MyDB
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e290aa39a1945747b28f1ee"), "a" : 1, "b" : 1 }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("4e2cd2182a65c81f21566318"), "a" : 3, "b" : 5 }
>

整库备份:
mongodump -h dbhost -d dbname -o dbdirectory
-h:MongDB所在服务器地址,例如:127.0.0.1,当然也可以指定端口号:127.0.0.1:27017
-d:需要备份的数据库实例,例如:test
-o:备份的数据存放位置,例如:c:\data\dump,当然该目录需要提前建立,在备份完成后,系统自动在dump目录下建立一个test目录,这个目录里面存放该数据库实例的备份数据。

mongodump的官方说明(可通过mongodump --help查看):options:  --help                   produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]         be more verbose (include multiple times for more                           verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version                print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg        mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for                           sets)  --port arg               server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                   enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg    username  -p [ --password ] arg    password  --dbpath arg             directly access mongod database files in the given                           path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                           needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                           if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb         if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                           directory  --journal                enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg          database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg  collection to use (some commands)  -o [ --out ] arg (=dump) output directory or "-" for stdout  -q [ --query ] arg       json query  --oplog                  Use oplog for point-in-time snapshotting  --repair                 try to recover a crashed database  --forceTableScan         force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

整库恢复:
mongorestore -h dbhost -d dbname –directoryperdb dbdirectory
-h:MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d:需要恢复的数据库实例,例如:test,当然这个名称也可以和备份时候的不一样,比如test2
–directoryperdb:备份数据所在位置,例如:c:\data\dump\test,这里为什么要多加一个test,而不是备份时候的dump,读者自己查看提示吧!
–drop:恢复的时候,先删除当前数据,然后恢复备份的数据。就是说,恢复后,备份后添加修改的数据都会被删除,慎用哦!

mongorestore的官方说明(可通过mongorestore --help查看):options:  --help                  produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more                          verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version               print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)  --port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg   username  -p [ --password ] arg   password  --dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given                          path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                          needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                          if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                          directory  --journal               enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg         database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)  --objcheck              validate object before inserting  --filter arg            filter to apply before inserting  --drop                  drop each collection before import  --oplogReplay           replay oplog for point-in-time restore  --oplogLimit arg        exclude oplog entries newer than provided timestamp                          (epoch[:ordinal])  --keepIndexVersion      don‘t upgrade indexes to newest version  --noOptionsRestore      don‘t restore collection options  --noIndexRestore        don‘t restore indexes  --w arg (=1)            minimum number of replicas per write

单个collection备份:
mongoexport -h dbhost -d dbname -c collectionname -f collectionKey -o dbdirectory
-h: MongoDB所在服务器地址
-d: 需要恢复的数据库实例
-c: 需要恢复的集合
-f: 需要导出的字段(省略为所有字段)
-o: 表示导出的文件名

mongoexport的官方说明(可通过mongoexport --help查看):  --help                    produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]          be more verbose (include multiple times for more                            verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version                 print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg         mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for                            sets)  --port arg                server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                    enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg     username  -p [ --password ] arg     password  --dbpath arg              directly access mongod database files in the given                            path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                            needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                            if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb          if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                            directory  --journal                 enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg           database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg   collection to use (some commands)  -f [ --fields ] arg       comma separated list of field names e.g. -f                            name,age  --fieldFile arg           file with fields names - 1 per line  -q [ --query ] arg        query filter, as a JSON string  --csv                     export to csv instead of json  -o [ --out ] arg          output file; if not specified, stdout is used  --jsonArray               output to a json array rather than one object per                            line  -k [ --slaveOk ] arg (=1) use secondaries for export if available, default                            true  --forceTableScan          force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)

单个collection恢复:
mongoimport -d dbhost -c collectionname –type csv –headerline –file
-type: 指明要导入的文件格式
-headerline: 批明不导入第一行,因为第一行是列名
-file: 指明要导入的文件路径

mongoimport的官方说明(可通过mongoimport --help查看):  --help                  produce help message  -v [ --verbose ]        be more verbose (include multiple times for more                          verbosity e.g. -vvvvv)  --version               print the program‘s version and exit  -h [ --host ] arg       mongo host to connect to ( /s1,s2 for sets)  --port arg              server port. Can also use --host hostname:port  --ipv6                  enable IPv6 support (disabled by default)  -u [ --username ] arg   username  -p [ --password ] arg   password  --dbpath arg            directly access mongod database files in the given                          path, instead of connecting to a mongod  server -                          needs to lock the data directory, so cannot be used                          if a mongod is currently accessing the same path  --directoryperdb        if dbpath specified, each db is in a separate                          directory  --journal               enable journaling  -d [ --db ] arg         database to use  -c [ --collection ] arg collection to use (some commands)  -f [ --fields ] arg     comma separated list of field names e.g. -f name,age  --fieldFile arg         file with fields names - 1 per line  --ignoreBlanks          if given, empty fields in csv and tsv will be ignored  --type arg              type of file to import.  default: json (json,csv,tsv)  --file arg              file to import from; if not specified stdin is used  --drop                  drop collection first  --headerline            CSV,TSV only - use first line as headers  --upsert                insert or update objects that already exist  --upsertFields arg      comma-separated fields for the query part of the                          upsert. You should make sure this is indexed  --stopOnError           stop importing at first error rather than continuing  --jsonArray             load a json array, not one item per line. Currently                          limited to 16MB.

其他导入与导出操作:

1. mongoimport -d my_mongodb -c user user.dat

参数说明:

-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”

可以看到导入数据的时候会隐式创建表结构

2. mongoexport -d my_mongodb -c user -o user.dat

参数说明:

-d 指明使用的库, 本例中为” my_mongodb”

-c 指明要导出的表, 本例中为”user”

-o 指明要导出的文件名, 本例中为”user.dat”

从上面可以看到导出的方式使用的是JSON 的样式.

 

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MongoDB整库备份与还原以及单个collection备份、恢复