1. 

   char readchar()  
   {  
       char tmp = 0;  
       char ch;  
       bool read = false;  
       while (ch = getchar())  
       {  
           if (ch == ‘-‘ || ch == ‘+‘)  
           {  
               read = true;  
               tmp = ch;  
           }  
           else if (read)  
           {  
               break;  
           }  
           else  
           {  
               continue;  
           }  
       }  
       return tmp;  
   }

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read char