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Material Design UI Widgets
Android L 开发者预览支持库提供两个新的Widgets,RecyclerView和CardView。使用这两个Widgets可以显示复杂的Listview和卡片布局,这两个Widgets默认使用Material design。
RecyclerView
RecyclerView是一个更高级柔性版本的Listview,RecyclerView是一个能包含很多视图的容器,它能完美的处理循环和滚动。在item动态变化的Listview使用RecyclerView。
RecyclerView使用很简单,因为它提供了:
1、定位item的布局管理器
2、常见的item操作默认动画
你能够灵活的为RecyclerView自定义布局管理器和动画。
使用RecyclerView,必须使用指定一个adapter、定义一个布局管理器。创建adapter必须继承自RecyclerView.Adapter。实施的细节需要看数据类型和需要的视图。
RecyclerView widget
RecyclerView 提供了 LayoutManager,RecylerView 不负责子 View 的布局,我们可以自定义 LayoutManager 来实现不同的布局效果,目前只提供了LinearLayoutManager。 LinearLayoutManager 可以指定方向,默认是垂直, 可以指定水平, 这样就轻松实现了水平的 ListView。
RecyclerView Demo:
1、布局文件
- <!-- A RecyclerView with some commonly used attributes -->
- <android.support.v7.widget.RecyclerView
- android:id="@+id/my_recycler_view"
- android:scrollbars="vertical"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent"/>
2、Activity文件
- public class MyActivity extends Activity {
- private RecyclerView mRecyclerView;
- private RecyclerView.Adapter mAdapter;
- private RecyclerView.LayoutManager mLayoutManager;
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.my_activity);
- mRecyclerView = (RecyclerView) findViewById(R.id.my_recycler_view);
- // improve performance if you know that changes in content
- // do not change the size of the RecyclerView
- mRecyclerView.setHasFixedSize(true);
- // use a linear layout manager
- mLayoutManager = new LinearLayoutManager(this);
- mRecyclerView.setLayoutManager(mLayoutManager);
- // specify an adapter (see also next example)
- mAdapter = new MyAdapter(myDataset);
- mRecyclerView.setAdapter(mAdapter);
- }
- ...
- }
- To create a simple adapter:
- public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> {
- private String[] mDataset;
- // Provide a reference to the type of views that you are using
- // (custom viewholder)
- public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
- public TextView mTextView;
- public ViewHolder(TextView v) {
- super(v);
- mTextView = v;
- }
- }
- // Provide a suitable constructor (depends on the kind of dataset)
- public MyAdapter(String[] myDataset) {
- mDataset = myDataset;
- }
- // Create new views (invoked by the layout manager)
- @Override
- public MyAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,
- int viewType) {
- // create a new view
- View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())
- .inflate(R.layout.my_text_view, null);
- // set the view‘s size, margins, paddings and layout parameters
- ...
- ViewHolder vh = new ViewHolder(v);
- return vh;
- }
- // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)
- @Override
- public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
- // - get element from your dataset at this position
- // - replace the contents of the view with that element
- holder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);
- }
- // Return the size of your dataset (invoked by the layout manager)
- @Override
- public int getItemCount() {
- return mDataset.length;
- }
- }
3、Recycler adapter
- public class MyAdapter extends RecyclerView.Adapter<MyAdapter.ViewHolder> {
- private String[] mDataset;
- // Provide a reference to the type of views that you are using
- // (custom viewholder)
- public static class ViewHolder extends RecyclerView.ViewHolder {
- public TextView mTextView;
- public ViewHolder(TextView v) {
- super(v);
- mTextView = v;
- }
- }
- // Provide a suitable constructor (depends on the kind of dataset)
- public MyAdapter(String[] myDataset) {
- mDataset = myDataset;
- }
- // Create new views (invoked by the layout manager)
- @Override
- public MyAdapter.ViewHolder onCreateViewHolder(ViewGroup parent,
- int viewType) {
- // create a new view
- View v = LayoutInflater.from(parent.getContext())
- .inflate(R.layout.my_text_view, null);
- // set the view‘s size, margins, paddings and layout parameters
- ...
- ViewHolder vh = new ViewHolder(v);
- return vh;
- }
- // Replace the contents of a view (invoked by the layout manager)
- @Override
- public void onBindViewHolder(ViewHolder holder, int position) {
- // - get element from your dataset at this position
- // - replace the contents of the view with that element
- holder.mTextView.setText(mDataset[position]);
- }
- // Return the size of your dataset (invoked by the layout manager)
- @Override
- public int getItemCount() {
- return mDataset.length;
- }
- }
RecyclerView 的标准化了 ViewHolder, 编写 Adapter 面向的是 ViewHoder 而不在是View 了, 复用的逻辑被封装了, 写起来更加简单。
CardView
CardView继承自FrameLayout类,可以在一个卡片布局中一致性的显示内容,卡片可以包含圆角和阴影。
可以使用android:elevation属性,创建一个阴影的卡片。
怎样指定CardView的属性:
1、使用android:cardCornerRadius属性指定圆角半径
2、使用CardView.setRadius 设置圆角半径。
3、使用 android:cardBackgroundColor属性设置卡片颜色
在创建布局文件中创建CardView:
- <!-- A CardView that contains a TextView -->
- <android.support.v7.widget.CardView
- xmlns:card_view="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
- android:id="@+id/card_view"
- android:layout_gravity="center"
- android:layout_width="200dp"
- android:layout_height="200dp"
- card_view:cardCornerRadius="4dp">
- <TextView
- android:id="@+id/info_text"
- android:layout_width="match_parent"
- android:layout_height="match_parent" />
- </android.support.v7.widget.CardView>
Material Design UI Widgets