首页 > 代码库 > Django快速学习搭建blog项目

Django快速学习搭建blog项目

  新手学习Django,本文学习的文档是《Django Web开发指南》。好了我也是新手,没什么好说了,go!~

首先先确定环境,我是在linux(Ubuntu14.04 gnome)下。

自带python2.7.6

我是用mysql数据库,没有的请下载 sudo apt-get install mysql-server-5.5

接下来准备下载Django了,首先我是用sudo pip install Django==1.7.1(如果没有pip工具,请自行下载或则其他方式下载Django)。

下载完Django之后接着下载MySQL-python(貌似是python跟mysql进行交互的东西吧) pip install MySQL-python

#终端内进入python
>>>import django
>>>django.VERSION   #在python命令行中测试django是否成功安装

>>>import MySQLdb   #如果没有任何错误就是安装成功了

准备好了,接下来就是blog项目。

打开终端进入你要建立的项目下面

~tool/myproject $ django-admin.py startproject mysite  #建立一个Django的项目mysite~tool/myproject $ cd mysite~tool/myproject/mysite$ ls -l总用量:24 (total:24)-rwxr-xr-x 1 zrl zrl   249 12月 11 20:59 manage.pydrwxrwxr-x 2 zrl zrl  4096 12月 11 21:05 mysite~tool/myproject/mysite$ ./manager.py runserver   #或者python manager.py runserver都可以

 

#如果出现下面的错误

You have unapplied migrations; your app may not work properly until they are applied.Run python manage.py migrate to apply them.

 


#解决方法

python manage.py migrate   #它可以让我们在修改Model后可以在不影响现有数据的前提下重建表结构。~/tool/microblog/mysite$ python manage.py migrateOperations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessionsRunning migrations:  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

 

#最后在启动一下

~/tool/microblog/mysite$ python manage.py runserverPerforming system checks...System check identified no issues (0 silenced).December 11, 2014 - 13:04:36Django version 1.7.1, using settings mysite.settingsStarting development server at http://127.0.0.1:8000/Quit the server with CONTROL-C.

 


出现这个就成功啦~

接下来就是用manage.py创建这个blog app

~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py startapp blog~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ls -l blog/总用量 20-rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl   63 12月 12 17:55 admin.py-rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl    0 12月 12 17:55 __init__.pydrwxrwxr-x 2 zrl zrl 4096 12月 12 17:55 migrations-rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl   57 12月 12 17:55 models.py-rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl   60 12月 12 17:55 tests.py-rw-r--r-- 1 zrl zrl   63 12月 12 17:55 views.py

 

接着需要去setting.py文件中找到INSTALLED_APPS元组.把你的app以模块的形式添加到元组里,就像这样

INSTALLED_APPS=(
blog,
)

 

然后去blog中,打开models.py 加入

class BlogPost(models.Model):     title = models.CharField(max_length=150)     body = models.TextField()     timestamp = models.DateTimeField()

 

接着就是修改 settings.py文件,找到DATABASE

#连接一下数据库,我的是用mysql

 

DATABASES = {      default: {          ENGINE: django.db.backends.mysql,          NAME: djangodb,          HOST: localhost,          USER: root,          PASSWORD: password,      }  }

 


现在你可以告诉Django用你提供的连接信息去连接数据库并且设置应用程序所需的表。

命令很简单:./manage.py syncdb

~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py syncdbOperations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessionsRunning migrations:  Applying contenttypes.0001_initial... OK  Applying auth.0001_initial... OK  Applying admin.0001_initial... OK  Applying sessions.0001_initial... OK

You have installed Django‘s auth system, and don‘t have any superusers defined.
Would you like to create one now? (yes/no): yes
Username (leave blank to use ‘user‘): username 账号
Email address: 123456789@163.com 邮箱
Password:            密码
Password (again):       再输入一次密码
Superuser created successfully.

上面这样就算成功了。。

打开blog中的models.py文件

  #添加以下的代码

from django.db import models   from django.contrib import admin     class BlogsPost(models.Model):       title = models.CharField(max_length=150)       body = models.TextField()       timestamp = models.DateTimeField()       admin.site.register(BlogsPost)

 

 
 继续重新输入./manage.py syncdb,如果出现

Operations to perform:  Apply all migrations: admin, contenttypes, auth, sessionsRunning migrations:  No migrations to apply.  Your models have changes that are not yet reflected in a migration, and so wont be applied.  Run manage.py makemigrations to make new migrations, and then re-run manage.py migrate to apply them.The following content types are stale and need to be deleted:    blog | blogpostAny objects related to these content types by a foreign key will alsobe deleted. Are you sure you want to delete these content types?If youre unsure, answer no.    Type yes to continue, or no to cancel: yes

 

上面已经写了,要运行./manage.py makemigrations 然后再运行 ./manage.py migrate

然后继续 运行 ./manage.py syncdb

~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py makemigrations
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py migrate
~/tool/microblog/mysite$ ./manage.py syncdb

接着就可以开启看看效果了

 

貌似这效果看的不是很爽,我们来改改吧。打开blog下的models.py修改一下

  

from django.db import models   from django.contrib import admin     class BlogsPost(models.Model):       title = models.CharField(max_length=150)       body = models.TextField()       timestamp = models.DateTimeField()     class BlogPostAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):      list_display = (title,timestamp)   admin.site.register(BlogsPost,BlogPostAdmin)

 

从Django的角度看,一个页面具有三个典型的组件:

一个模板(template):模板负责把传递进来的信息显示出来。

一个视图(viw):视图负责从数据库获取需要显示的信息。

一个URL模式:它负责把收到的请求和你的试图函数匹配,有时候也会向视图传递一些参数。

打开mysite/blog/views.py文件:

 from django.shortcuts import renderfrom django.template import loader,Contextfrom django.http import HttpResponsefrom blog.models import BlogsPost# Create your views here.def archive(request):    posts = BlogsPost.objects.all()    t = loader.get_template("archive.html")    c = Context({posts:posts})    return HttpResponse(t.render(c))

posts = BlogPost.objects.all() :获取数据库里面所拥有BlogPost对象

t = loader.get_template("archive.html"):加载模板

c = Context({‘posts‘:posts}):模板的渲染的数据是有一个字典类的对象Context提供,这里的是一对键值对。


创建blog模板,在archive.html将for的块标签(block tag),{% .... %}添加进去

   {% for post in posts %}       <h2>{{ post.title }}</h2>       <p>{{ post.timestamp | date:"1,F jS"}}</p>       <p>{{ post.body }}</p>   {% endfor %}

 

创建一个URL模式,虽然可以在mysite/urls.py中创建所需的URL模式,不过这样会在项目和app之间制造混乱的耦合。

所以我们要将mysite/urls.py里有一行注释的示例几乎是我们所需要的代码。

url(r^blog/, include(blog.urls)),


接着在blog下面创建一个urls.py,将一下代码写入

   from django.conf.urls import *   from blog.views import archive     urlpatterns = patterns(‘‘,           url(r^$,archive),           )

来启动一下,看看效果如何 ./manage.py runserver

貌似看起来好搓。我们来稍微修改一下吧,看起来爽点。

接着在blog/templates下创建一个base.html将代码写入

<html>      <style type="text/css">        body{color:#efd;background:#453;padding:0 5em;margin:0}        h1{padding:2em 1em;background:#675}        h2{color:#bf8;border-top:1px dotted #fff;margin-top:2em}        p{margin:1em 0}      </style>           <body>        <h1>Just-so-so</h1>        {% block content %}        {% endblock %}      </body></html>

 

再将blog/template下的archive.html的文件,引用base.html且和他的‘content‘块

{% extends "base.html" %}  {% block content %}      {% for post in posts %}      <h2>{{  post.title }}</h2>      <p>{{ post.timestamp | date:"1,F jS"}}</p>      <p>{{ post.body }}</p>      {% endfor %}  {% endblock %}

 

再次刷新页面

终于完成了这个blog,虽然碰到了很多问题。但是学习到的东西还是很多的~


                                                                      
                                       

Django快速学习搭建blog项目