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Axiom3D:手动创建ManualObject与Mesh,以及如何使用Cg着色器语言

  在开始正文前,先说下Axiom3D里遇到的二个BUG.

  1.在启动axiom生成的程序中,我发现输出里总是有一些如"billboard_type","billboard_origin"这些不能解析,我开始还在想是不是文件格式版本过期或是啥的,反正后面我查了下,发现这些是有对应解析类的,在对比对应的Ogre相应位置代码,发现ParticleSystemRenderer在Ogre中是多重继承,C#天生不支持,但是我发现ScriptableObject本身是从DisposableObject继承的,那么只需要把ParticleSystemRenderer 从DisposableObject 继承改为从ScriptableObject 继承,然后在BillboardParticleRenderer类中方法SetParameter 修改成如下:

        public override bool SetParameter(string attr, string val)        {            try            {                Properties[attr] = val;                return true;            }            catch (Exception e)            {                LogManager.Instance.Write(e.Message);                return false;            }            //if ( this.attribParsers.ContainsKey( attr ) )            //{            //    var args = new object[2];            //    args[ 0 ] = val.Split( ‘ ‘ );            //    args[ 1 ] = this;            //    this.attribParsers[ attr ].Invoke( null, args );            //    //ParticleSystemRendererAttributeParser parser =            //    //        (ParticleSystemRendererAttributeParser)attribParsers[attr];            //    //// call the parser method            //    //parser(val.Split(‘ ‘), this);            //    return true;            //}            //return false;        }
BillboardParticleRenderer修改

  具体修改意义我简单说下,原来的修改格式是针对内部特性方法的,但是BillboardParticleRenderer类里全是内部特性类的,从前面的继承修改加这段代码,就是为了让BillboardParticleRenderer能自己查找自己的特性类并找到对应的设置方法.

  2.这个BUG和ManualObject有关,我在设置ManualObject时,发现一些奇怪的问题,设置的颜色不能用,当时还以为是材质,灯光这些,后面全排除后,找到ManualObject里的CopyTempVertexToBuffer方法,发现有处逻辑不对.如下修改:

protected virtual void CopyTempVertexToBuffer()        {            this.tempVertexPending = false;            var rop = this.currentSection.RenderOperation;            if (rop.vertexData.vertexCount == 0 && !this.currentUpdating)            {                // first vertex, autoorganise decl                var oldDcl = rop.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;                rop.vertexData.vertexDeclaration = oldDcl.GetAutoOrganizedDeclaration(false, false);                HardwareBufferManager.Instance.DestroyVertexDeclaration(oldDcl);            }            ResizeTempVertexBufferIfNeeded(++rop.vertexData.vertexCount);            var elemList = rop.vertexData.vertexDeclaration.Elements;#if !AXIOM_SAFE_ONLY            unsafe#endif            {                // get base pointer                var buf = BufferBase.Wrap(this.tempVertexBuffer);                buf.Ptr = this.declSize * (rop.vertexData.vertexCount - 1);                //var pFloat = buf.ToFloatPointer();                //var pRGBA = buf.ToUIntPointer();                foreach (var elem in elemList)                {                    var offest = elem.Offset;                    buf.Ptr += offest;                    var pFloat = buf.ToFloatPointer();                    var pRGBA = buf.ToUIntPointer();                    var idx = 0;                    RenderSystem rs;                    int dims;                    switch (elem.Semantic)                    {                        case VertexElementSemantic.Position:                            pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.position.x;                            pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.position.y;                            pFloat[idx] = this.tempVertex.position.z;                            break;                        case VertexElementSemantic.Normal:                            pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.normal.x;                            pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.normal.y;                            pFloat[idx] = this.tempVertex.normal.z;                            break;                        case VertexElementSemantic.TexCoords:                            dims = VertexElement.GetTypeCount(elem.Type);                            for (var t = 0; t < dims; ++t)                            {                                pFloat[idx++] = this.tempVertex.texCoord[elem.Index][t];                            }                            break;                        case VertexElementSemantic.Diffuse:                            rs = Root.Instance.RenderSystem;                            if (rs != null)                            {                                pRGBA[idx] = (uint)rs.ConvertColor(this.tempVertex.color);                            }                            else                            {                                pRGBA[idx] = (uint)this.tempVertex.color.ToRGBA(); // pick one!                            }                            break;                        default:                            // nop ?                            break;                    }                }            }        }
CopyTempVertexToBuffer

  简单来说,和原来地形的高度生成错误比较类似,把字节个数直接当做索引来用,ManualObject里的元素都是4个字节,还有一个简单的方法,直接让indx=elem.offset/4应该也是对的,但是我认为这种修改方法不算太好,如采用现在的方法.

  现在开始正文,从ManualObject来说,ManualObject是Ogre模仿了Opengl里立即绘制模式的一种写法,但是他和立即绘制模式本质是不同的,写法虽然是这样,但是他也是采用缓冲区的方法,意思来说,就是写法让习惯写立即模式的人爽,效率也是,当然ManualObject里的有些元素写法顺序规定的和OpenGL的不一样.先来看一段代码,这段代码是我从Ogre论坛里考过来的,把里面的C++写法改变下就行了,非常容易.

        public static ManualObject CreateTetrahedron(Vector3 position, Single scale)        {            ManualObject manObTetra = new ManualObject("Tetrahedron");            manObTetra.CastShadows = false;            // render just before overlays (so all objects behind the transparent tetrahedron are visible)            manObTetra.RenderQueueGroup = RenderQueueGroupID.Overlay - 1; // = 99            Vector3[] c = new Vector3[4]; // corners            // calculate corners of tetrahedron (with point of origin in middle of volume)            Single mbot = scale * 0.2f;      // distance middle to bottom            Single mtop = scale * 0.62f;     // distance middle to top                Single mf = scale * 0.289f;    // distance middle to front            Single mb = scale * 0.577f;    // distance middle to back            Single mlr = scale * 0.5f;      // distance middle to left right             //               width / height / depth            c[0] = new Vector3(-mlr, -mbot, mf);  // left bottom front            c[1] = new Vector3(mlr, -mbot, mf);  // right bottom front            c[2] = new Vector3(0, -mbot, -mb);  // (middle) bottom back            c[3] = new Vector3(0, mtop, 0);  // (middle) top (middle)            // add position offset for all corners (move tetrahedron)            for (Int16 i = 0; i <= 3; i++)                c[i] += position;            // create bottom            manObTetra.Begin("floor", OperationType.TriangleList);            manObTetra.Position(c[2]);            manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Red);            manObTetra.Position(c[1]);            manObTetra.Position(c[0]);            manObTetra.Triangle(0, 1, 2);            manObTetra.End();            // create right back side            manObTetra.Begin("edm/floor", OperationType.TriangleList);            manObTetra.Position(c[1]);            manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Green);            manObTetra.Position(c[2]);            manObTetra.Position(c[3]);            manObTetra.Triangle(0, 1, 2);            manObTetra.End();            // create left back side            manObTetra.Begin("edm/floor", OperationType.TriangleList);            manObTetra.Position(c[3]);            manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Green);            manObTetra.Position(c[2]);            manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Red);            manObTetra.Position(c[0]);            manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.Blue);            manObTetra.Triangle(0, 1, 2);            manObTetra.End();            // create front side            manObTetra.Begin("BaseWhiteNoLighting", OperationType.TriangleList);            manObTetra.Color(ColorEx.White);            manObTetra.Position(c[0]);            manObTetra.Position(c[1]);            manObTetra.Position(c[3]);            manObTetra.Triangle(0, 1, 2);            manObTetra.End();            return manObTetra;        }
Tetrahedron ManualObject

  这段代码也是我发现ManualObject里的颜色不能用的BUG的代码.我们从ManualObject里的代码来看一些注意事项,ManualObject是从Begin()方法调用后,根据第一个顶点到第二个顶点来生成顶点元素组成部分的.简单来说:

  1.调用Begin方法后,需要最先调用Position方法,在第一个Position调用前如调用Color,Normal会引起元素实际与声明的组成部分对应不上.

  2.在第一个Position和第二个Position之间出现的元素是这个缓冲区顶点的声明组成部分,如在第一个与第二个只出现了Color,那么你在第二个Position后声明Normal是无效的.

  3.这个倒是OpenGL里的状态机有点像,在第一个Position与第二个Position调用Color,Normal这些后,不需要在第二个Position之后每次调用,如果调用,color,normal会采用新的值,直接看代码里的TempVertex类型tempVertex属性每次调用Position,Color,Normal就知道原因了.

  下面放出上面代码生成效果图:

  下面再给出一个立方体生成的ManualObject,和上面有些区别,大致就这二种写法.

        public static ManualObject CreateCube(Vector3 center, float length, bool bLine = false)        {            string material = "BaseWhiteNoLighting";            ManualObject manual = new ManualObject("manualCube");            Vector3[] positions = new Vector3[]{                center + new Vector3(length, length, length),                center + new Vector3(-length, length, length),                center + new Vector3(-length, -length, length),                center + new Vector3(length, -length, length),                center + new Vector3(length, length, -length),                center + new Vector3(-length, length, -length),                center + new Vector3(-length, -length, -length),                center + new Vector3(length, -length, -length)            };            ushort[] indexs = new ushort[]{                0,1,2,2,3,0,                0,3,7,7,4,0,                0,4,5,5,1,0,                6,5,4,4,7,6,                6,2,1,1,5,6,                6,7,3,3,2,6            };            if (bLine)                manual.Begin(material, OperationType.LineList);            else                manual.Begin(material, OperationType.TriangleList);            for (int i = 0; i < positions.Length; i++)            {                manual.Position(positions[i]);            }            for (int i = 0; i < indexs.Length; i++)            {                manual.Index(indexs[i]);            }            manual.End();            return manual;        }
ManualObject Cube

  注意要让三角形与线同一顶点索引,每六个顶点索引中间二个是相同的,这样不生成线,但是三角形能正常生成,注意Ogre里也是逆时针.效果图就不发了.大家一看就知道是啥样的.

  其实ManualObject与Mesh的区别不大,都是保存顶点状态与索引,ManualObject也有方法直接ConvertToMesh直接转为Mesh.不过要注意,ManualObject继承MovableObject,可以直接挂接到Node下,而Mesh只是一种资源,需要先以Entity为载体,再挂接到Node下,不过这样也使得Mesh更复杂,能完成与承载的功能也更多.

  下面我们用Mesh来自定义一个模型,这个模型用来演示一个立方坐标轴,其中,XY与YZ可以用来展示,可以放入不同的材质,而XZ用来演示3D波动数据,这里我们用Cg加三维噪声来模拟,如这过程(柏林噪声实践(二) 水与火,顶点纹理拾取),最后大致效果如下:

图2:

   代码分二部分,一部分是坐标轴的建立,这个主要是用到Mesh,一部分是每桢活动的数据,这个部分就用到Cg着色器代码,记的添加Cg着色器解析的插件。

  下面是如何构建整个坐标轴的代码:

    public class Axis3D    {        public Mesh Self { get; set; }        public Vector3 range;        public Axis3D(string name, Vector3 range)        {            this.range = range;            Mesh mesh = MeshManager.Instance.CreateManual(name, "General", null);            float arrow1 = 30.0f;            float arrow2 = 20.0f;            float arrow3 = 3.0f;            var vertices = new float[]{                0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,//Origin                range.x,0.0f,0.0f,//x                0.0f,range.y,0.0f,//y                0.0f,0.0f,range.z,//z                range.x,range.y,0.0f,//xy plane                range.x,0.0f,range.z,//xz plane                0.0f,range.y,range.z,//yz plane                range.x,range.y,range.z,//origin offest                range.x+arrow1,0.0f,0.0f,                range.x+arrow2,0.0f,-arrow3,                range.x+arrow2,0.0f,arrow3,                                0.0f,range.y+arrow1,0.0f,                -arrow3,range.y+arrow2,arrow3,                arrow3,range.y+arrow2,-arrow3,                0.0f,0.0f,range.z + arrow1,                arrow3,0.0f,range.z+arrow2,                -arrow3,0.0f,range.z+arrow2            };            mesh.SharedVertexData = new VertexData();            mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexCount = 17;            var decl = mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexDeclaration;            decl.AddElement(0, 0, VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);            var vbuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(0),                mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexCount, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            vbuf.WriteData(0, vbuf.Size, vertices, true);            mesh.SharedVertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(0, vbuf);            SubMesh subMeshAxes = mesh.CreateSubMesh("axes");            short[] indexs = new short[]{                0,8,                0,11,                0,14,            };            HardwareIndexBuffer ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            ibuf.WriteData(0, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);            subMeshAxes.useSharedVertices = true;            subMeshAxes.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;            subMeshAxes.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;            subMeshAxes.indexData.indexStart = 0;            subMeshAxes.OperationType = OperationType.LineList;            SubMesh subMeshArrow = mesh.CreateSubMesh("arrow");            indexs = new short[]{                8,9,10,                11,12,13,                14,15,16            };            ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            ibuf.WriteData(0, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);            subMeshArrow.useSharedVertices = true;            subMeshArrow.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;            subMeshArrow.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;            subMeshArrow.indexData.indexStart = 0;            subMeshArrow.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList;            SubMesh subMeshPlaneXY = mesh.CreateSubMesh("planeXY");            CreatePlaneXY(subMeshPlaneXY);            SubMesh subMeshPlaneYZ = mesh.CreateSubMesh("planeYZ");            CreatePlaneYZ(subMeshPlaneYZ);            SubMesh subMeshPlaneXZ = mesh.CreateSubMesh("planeXZ");            CreateRenderPlane(subMeshPlaneXZ);            mesh.BoundingBox = new AxisAlignedBox(Vector3.Zero, range);            mesh.BoundingSphereRadius = range.Length;            mesh.Load();            Self = mesh;        }        private void CreateAxis(SubMesh subMesh)        {            subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;            subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData();        }        private void CreatePlaneXY(SubMesh subMesh)        {            int verticeLong = 4;            var vertices = new float[]{                0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,//Origin                0.0f,0.0f,                range.x,0.0f,0.0f,//x                1.0f,0.0f,                0.0f,range.y,0.0f,//y                0.0f,1.0f,                range.x,range.y,0.0f,//xy plane                1.0f,1.0f,            };            subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;            subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData();            subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount = verticeLong;            var decl = subMesh.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;            decl.AddElement(0, 0, VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);            decl.AddElement(0, VertexElement.GetTypeSize(VertexElementType.Float3), VertexElementType.Float2, VertexElementSemantic.TexCoords, 0);            var buf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(0), verticeLong, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            buf.WriteData(0, buf.Size, vertices);            subMesh.vertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(0, buf);            var indexs = new short[]{                0,1,3,                3,2,0            };            var ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            ibuf.WriteData(0, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);            subMesh.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;            subMesh.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;            subMesh.indexData.indexStart = 0;            subMesh.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList;            subMesh.MaterialName = "axis3D/xy";        }        private void CreatePlaneYZ(SubMesh subMesh)        {            int verticeLong = 4;            var vertices = new float[]{                0.0f,0.0f,0.0f,//Origin                0.0f,0.0f,                               0.0f,range.y,0.0f,//y                0.0f,1.0f,                0.0f,0.0f,range.z,//z                1.0f,0.0f,                0.0f,range.y,range.z,//yz plane                1.0f,1.0f,            };            subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;            subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData();            subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount = verticeLong;            var decl = subMesh.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;            decl.AddElement(0, 0, VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);            decl.AddElement(0, VertexElement.GetTypeSize(VertexElementType.Float3), VertexElementType.Float2, VertexElementSemantic.TexCoords, 0);            var buf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(0), verticeLong, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            buf.WriteData(0, buf.Size, vertices);            subMesh.vertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(0, buf);            var indexs = new short[]{                0,1,3,                3,2,0            };            var ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size16, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            ibuf.WriteData(0, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);            subMesh.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;            subMesh.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;            subMesh.indexData.indexStart = 0;            subMesh.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList;            subMesh.MaterialName = "axis3D/yz";        }        public void Rendering(float delt)        {        }        public void CreateRenderPlane(SubMesh subMesh)        {              var xc = 5.0f;            var yc = 5.0f;            var xr = (int)(range.x/xc) - 1;            var yr = (int)(range.z/yc) - 1;            var halfx = 0.0f;// xr * xc * 0.5f;            var halfy = 0.0f;// yr * yc * 0.5f;            var length = (xr + 1) * (yr + 1) * 3;            float[] vertices = new float[length];            int index = 0;            for (int j = 0; j <= yr; j++)            {                for (int i = 0; i <= xr; i++)                {                    vertices[index++] = xc * i - halfx;                    vertices[index++] = 0.0f;                    vertices[index++] = yc * j - halfy;                    //vertices[index++] = 0.3f;                    //vertices[index++] = 0.3f;                    //vertices[index++] = 0.3f;                }            }            length = xr * yr * 6;            int[] indexs = new int[length];            index = 0;            for (int j = 0; j < yr; j++)            {                for (int i = 0; i < xr; i++)                {                    indexs[index++] = (j + 0) * (xr + 1) + i;                    indexs[index++] = (j + 1) * (xr + 1) + i;                    indexs[index++] = (j + 0) * (xr + 1) + i + 1;                    indexs[index++] = (j + 0) * (xr + 1) + i + 1;                    indexs[index++] = (j + 1) * (xr + 1) + i;                    indexs[index++] = (j + 1) * (xr + 1) + i + 1;                }            }            subMesh.useSharedVertices = false;            subMesh.vertexData = new VertexData();            subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount = (xr + 1) * (yr + 1);            var decl = subMesh.vertexData.vertexDeclaration;            decl.AddElement(0, 0, VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic.Position);            //decl.AddElement(0, VertexElement.GetTypeSize(VertexElementType.Float3), VertexElementType.Float3, VertexElementSemantic., 0);            var buf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateVertexBuffer(decl.Clone(0), subMesh.vertexData.vertexCount, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            buf.WriteData(0, buf.Size, vertices);            subMesh.vertexData.vertexBufferBinding.SetBinding(0, buf);            var ibuf = HardwareBufferManager.Instance.CreateIndexBuffer(IndexType.Size32, indexs.Length, BufferUsage.StaticWriteOnly);            ibuf.WriteData(0, ibuf.Size, indexs, true);            subMesh.indexData.indexBuffer = ibuf;            subMesh.indexData.indexCount = indexs.Length;            subMesh.indexData.indexStart = 0;            subMesh.OperationType = OperationType.TriangleList;            subMesh.MaterialName = "noise3D";        }        //private void     }
Axis3D Mesh

  我们就简化轴,只用一条线和一个三角形来表示,XY与YZ面需要不同的材质,我们各分一个SubMesh更好化分。注意Mesh可以申请顶点缓冲区(所有SubMesh可以直接用这个顶点缓冲缓冲区),但是没有索引缓冲区,意思就是Mesh本身不负责绘制元素,需要SubMesh绘制。而SubMesh由useSharedVertices确认是由采用SubMesh的索引缓冲区。这样做兼容性还是不错的,至少我想到一些文件格式都可以转化成Mesh这种结构。

  在这个坐标轴了,Mesh建立了公共顶点,三条线和三个三角形都用到这个公共顶点。其中顶点缓冲区Ogre直接封装的是DX的那些类,申明VertexDeclaration与对应的VectexElement表明顶点元素的组成,前面的ManualObject在第一个Position与第二个Position之间申请的Color,Normal一样是这个过程,只是根据调用的方法,自动创建的VectexElement。而SubMesh如果表明直接用的是公共顶点,则只需要声明索引缓冲区就行了,申明索引缓冲区因为不需要指明顶点的构成元素,只需要说明是用32位字节还是16位字节,再对一些元素,如用法,连接模式行了。

  至于建立XY,YZ面,则没用公共顶点缓冲区,那就需要自己申请自己的顶点缓冲区和索引缓冲区,申请过程和上面一样,需要指定useSharedVertices用false,对应的SubMesh可以自己指定对应的MaterialName。

  最后则是XZ面,这个面,我们用来建立一些点,然后用Cg着色器代码控制顶点位置的Y轴,如何坐标有平滑性的波动,我们用到Noise,详细请看(柏林噪声实践(二) 水与火,顶点纹理拾取),这里不多说了。

  下面先给出对应的材质代码:

 1 // CG Vertex shader definition 2 vertex_program noise3D_VS cg             3 { 4     source v4.cg 5     entry_point main   6     profiles vp40    7     default_params                     8     { 9         param_named_auto mvp worldviewproj_matrix10         param_named_auto time2 frame_time11         param_named_auto time1 time 112         param_named_auto time3 time_0_x 10.013     }14 }15  16 17 fragment_program noise3D_PS cg            18 {19     source v4.cg        20     entry_point fragmentShader   21     profiles fp30                    22 }23  24 material noise3D25 {26     technique                    27     {28         pass                    29         {30             cull_hardware none            31             vertex_program_ref noise3D_VS    32             {33                 //param_named_auto time custom 034             }35             texture_unit36             {                          37                 texture cloud.jpg      38             }39             fragment_program_ref noise3D_PS    40             {41             }42             texture_unit43             {                          44                 texture cloud.jpg      45             }46         }47     }48 }
Material Noise3D

  Cg着色器代码:

#define ONE 0.00390625#define ONEHALF 0.001953125float fade(float t) {    //return t*t*(3.0-2.0*t); // Old fade  return t*t*t*(t*(t*6.0-15.0)+10.0);    // Improved fade} float noise(float3 P,sampler2D permTexture){    float3 Pi = ONE*floor(P)+ONEHALF;    float3 Pf = P-floor(P);    // Noise contributions from (x=0, y=0), z=0 and z=1  float perm00 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy).a ;    float3  grad000 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm00, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n000 = dot(grad000, Pf);    float3  grad001 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm00, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n001 = dot(grad001, Pf - float3(0.0, 0.0, 1.0));    // Noise contributions from (x=0, y=1), z=0 and z=1  float perm01 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy + float2(0.0, ONE)).a ;    float3  grad010 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm01, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n010 = dot(grad010, Pf - float3(0.0, 1.0, 0.0));    float3  grad011 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm01, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n011 = dot(grad011, Pf - float3(0.0, 1.0, 1.0));    // Noise contributions from (x=1, y=0), z=0 and z=1  float perm10 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy + float2(ONE, 0.0)).a ;    float3  grad100 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm10, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n100 = dot(grad100, Pf - float3(1.0, 0.0, 0.0));    float3  grad101 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm10, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n101 = dot(grad101, Pf - float3(1.0, 0.0, 1.0));    // Noise contributions from (x=1, y=1), z=0 and z=1  float perm11 = tex2D(permTexture, Pi.xy + float2(ONE, ONE)).a ;    float3  grad110 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm11, Pi.z)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n110 = dot(grad110, Pf - float3(1.0, 1.0, 0.0));    float3  grad111 = tex2D(permTexture, float2(perm11, Pi.z + ONE)).rgb * 4.0 - 1.0;    float n111 = dot(grad111, Pf - float3(1.0, 1.0, 1.0));    // Blend contributions along x  float4 n_x = lerp(float4(n000, n001, n010, n011), float4(n100, n101, n110, n111), fade(Pf.x));    // Blend contributions along y  float2 n_xy = lerp(n_x.xy, n_x.zw, fade(Pf.y));    // Blend contributions along z  float n_xyz = lerp(n_xy.x, n_xy.y, fade(Pf.z));    return n_xyz;}float turbulence(int octaves, float3 P, float lacunarity, float gain,sampler2D permTexture){    float sum = 0;    float scale = 1;    float totalgain = 1;    for(int i=0;i<octaves;i++){        sum += totalgain*noise(P*scale,permTexture);        scale *= lacunarity;        totalgain *= gain;    }    return abs(sum);}struct v_Output {    float4 position : POSITION;    //float pc : TEXCOORD0;    float2 pc : TEXCOORD0;};v_Output main(float3 position : POSITION,                           uniform float4x4 mvp,                           uniform float time1,                           uniform float time2,                           uniform float time3,                           uniform sampler2D permTexture){    v_Output OUT;    float time = time3 + time1 + time2 * 10;    float3 pf = float3(position.xz,time);    //float ty = noise(pf,permTexture);    ////float ty = turbulence(4,pf,2,0.5,permTexture);    //float yy = ty * 0.5 + 0.5;    //    float ty = turbulence(4,pf,0.6,3,permTexture);    float yy = ty * 0.5;    float4 pos = float4(position.x,yy,position.z,1);    OUT.pc = float2(position.x*0.01,position.z*0.01);    //float4 pos = float4(position.x,50,position.z,1);    OUT.position = mul(mvp,pos);    //OUT.pc = yy;    return OUT;}struct f_Output {    float4 color : COLOR;};f_Output fragmentShader(v_Output vin,uniform sampler2D texture){    f_Output OUT;    OUT.color = tex2D(texture, vin.pc);    OUT.color = OUT.color + float4(0.1,0.1,0.1,0.1);    return OUT;}
Cg Noise3

  这里简单说明一下材质代码,相关着色器代码具体意思大家移步前面链接。

  在noise3D material中,vertex_program与fragment_program分别指定顶点和片断着色器,source指定相对路径的源文件代码位置,而entry_point指定当前着色器主函数,profiles指定硬件要求,因为我们用到纹理拾取,顶点着色器内纹理,所以在opengl下需要满足vp40才行,相关profiles对应硬件与说明请看Declaring Vertex/Geometry/Fragment Programs,vp40要求比较新的显卡。其中default_params相当于我们给着色器中uniform变量设定的初始值,param_named_auto指明由Ogre内部自动更新,详情请看Using Vertex/Geometry/Fragment Programs in a Pass。大家对应一下顶点着色器中的default_params参数与Cg里的代码,就能看明白是怎么个意思,Ogre这一块封装的相当不错,用起来没有别扭的感觉,并且还非常方便与人性化。在对应的material,对应Pass里指明vertex_program_ref与fragment_program_ref与前面对应,其中着色器需要的纹理直接紧接着对应的着色器后添加texture_unit就行,个数对应上。

  总的来说,这里主要测试自动创建一些简单模型与着色器代码的基本用法,都是比较基础的,也可以看出Ogre对于这里的处理还是相当不错,方便又容易理解。

  

 

Axiom3D:手动创建ManualObject与Mesh,以及如何使用Cg着色器语言