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c# .net core 下的网络请求

本文章是在VS2017的环境下,.net core 1.1版本以上。

在这期间,由于.net core 并不基于IIS,我们的过去的网络请求代码在.net core框架下,有可能会出现不兼容,报错的现象。这里大致介绍下在.net core 下如何进行http请求,主要仍然是GET和POST方法,有错误的地方,欢迎指正!

先来说POST,POST我实现了三种方法,前两种基于的原理是完全一致的,后面的有些小小的差异,但他们的本质都是http请求,本质上是无区别的,只是实现方法有所不同。

废话不多说,上代码:

POST异步方法:

 /// <summary>
        /// 异步请求post(键值对形式,可等待的)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri">网络基址("http://localhost:59315")</param>
        /// <param name="url">网络的地址("/api/UMeng")</param>
        /// <param name="formData">键值对List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = http://www.mamicode.com/new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("userid", "29122"));formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("umengids", "29122"));</param>
        /// <param name="charset">编码格式</param>
        /// <param name="mediaType">头媒体类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public async  Task<string> HttpPostAsync(string uri, string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = http://www.mamicode.com/null, string charset = "UTF-8", string mediaType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
        {
           
            string tokenUri = url;
            var client = new HttpClient();
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri(uri);
            HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
            content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(mediaType);
            content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = charset;
            for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
            {
                content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
            }
            
            HttpResponseMessage resp = await client.PostAsync(tokenUri, content);
            resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
            string token = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            return token;
        }

POST同步方法:

/// <summary>
        /// 同步请求post(键值对形式)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri">网络基址("http://localhost:59315")</param>
        /// <param name="url">网络的地址("/api/UMeng")</param>
        /// <param name="formData">键值对List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = http://www.mamicode.com/new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>>();formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("userid", "29122"));formData.Add(new KeyValuePair<string, string>("umengids", "29122"));</param>
        /// <param name="charset">编码格式</param>
        /// <param name="mediaType">头媒体类型</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public string HttpPost(string uri, string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = http://www.mamicode.com/null, string charset = "UTF-8", string mediaType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
        {            
            string tokenUri = url;
            var client = new HttpClient();
            client.BaseAddress = new Uri(uri);
            HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
            content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue(mediaType);
            content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = charset;
            for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
            {
                content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
            }

            var res = client.PostAsync(tokenUri, content);
            res.Wait();
            HttpResponseMessage resp = res.Result;
            
            var res2 = resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            res2.Wait();

            string token = res2.Result;
            return token;
        }

遗憾的是,同步方法也是基于异步实现的,个人认为这样做会加大系统开销。如果各位有其他的高效实现,请不吝赐教!

接下来是通过流的方式进行POST:

public string Post(string url, string data, Encoding encoding, int type)
        {
            try
            {
                HttpWebRequest req = WebRequest.CreateHttp(new Uri(url));
                if (type == 1)
                {
                    req.ContentType = "application/json;charset=utf-8";
                }
                else if (type == 2)
                {
                    req.ContentType = "application/xml;charset=utf-8";
                }
                else
                {
                    req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8";
                }

                req.Method = "POST";
                //req.Accept = "text/xml,text/javascript";
                req.ContinueTimeout = 60000;

                byte[] postData =http://www.mamicode.com/ encoding.GetBytes(data);
                Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStreamAsync().Result;
                reqStream.Write(postData, 0, postData.Length);
                reqStream.Dispose();

                var rsp = (HttpWebResponse)req.GetResponseAsync().Result;
                var result = GetResponseAsString(rsp, encoding);
                return result;
                
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                throw;
            }
        }
 
 private string GetResponseAsString(HttpWebResponse rsp, Encoding encoding)
        {
            Stream stream = null;
            StreamReader reader = null;

            try
            {
                // 以字符流的方式读取HTTP响应
                stream = rsp.GetResponseStream();
                reader = new StreamReader(stream, encoding);
                return reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
            finally
            {
                // 释放资源
                if (reader != null) reader.Dispose();
                if (stream != null) stream.Dispose();
                if (rsp != null) rsp.Dispose();
            }
        }

 

 

这种方式的POST还是将数据写入到流里面,进行POST,之所以写前两个key-value的形式,是为了符合java或者oc的风格,在c#书写的webapi中,由于接收形式是{=value}而不是{key=value}(由webapi的性质决定),后续我会说如何在webapi中接收(key-value)的形式,适当避免.net后台人员与android和ios的矛盾,从而达到社会主义民主社会的长治久安。

接下来是get,同样同步异步都是由异步实现的,还请各位看官轻喷。

GET:

 /// <summary>
        /// 异步请求get(UTF-8)
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">链接地址</param>       
        /// <param name="formData">写在header中的内容</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static async Task<string> HttpGetAsync(string url,  List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = http://www.mamicode.com/null)
        {
            HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
            HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
            if (formData != null)
            {
                content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
                content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = "UTF-8";
                for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
                {
                    content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
                }
            }
            var request = new HttpRequestMessage()
            {
                RequestUri = new Uri(url),
                Method = HttpMethod.Get,
            };
            for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
            {
                request.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
            }
            var resp = await httpClient.SendAsync(request);
            resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();
            string token = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();

            return token;
        }

 

 /// <summary>
        /// 同步get请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url">链接地址</param>       
        /// <param name="formData">写在header中的键值对</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public  string HttpGet(string url, List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> formData = http://www.mamicode.com/null)
        {
            HttpClient httpClient = new HttpClient();
            HttpContent content = new FormUrlEncodedContent(formData);
            if (formData != null)
            {
                content.Headers.ContentType = new MediaTypeHeaderValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
                content.Headers.ContentType.CharSet = "UTF-8";
                for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
                {
                    content.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
                }
            }
            var request = new HttpRequestMessage()
            {
                RequestUri = new Uri(url),
                Method = HttpMethod.Get,
            };
            for (int i = 0; i < formData.Count; i++)
            {
                request.Headers.Add(formData[i].Key, formData[i].Value);
            }
            var res =  httpClient.SendAsync(request);
            res.Wait();
            var resp = res.Result;
            Task<string> temp = resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
            temp.Wait();
            return temp.Result;
        }

以上就是这样吧,还有,我是一个经不起批评的人,如果你批评我,我就骂你(玩笑)。请大家不吝赐教!感谢

 

c# .net core 下的网络请求