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高级网络配置

高级网络配置

 

 

bond网络

1)定义:

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 允许管理员使用bonding 内核模块和称为通道绑定接口的

特殊网络接口将多个网络接口绑定到一个通道。根据选择的绑定模式 , 通道绑定使两个或更多个网络接口作为一个网络接口 , 从而增加带宽和 / 提供冗余性

2)选择 Linux 以太网绑定模式:

1 模式 0 ( 平衡轮循 ) - 轮循策略 , 所有接口都使用采用轮循方式在所有 Slave 中传输封包 ; 任何Slave 都可以接收

2 模式 1 ( 主动备份 ) - 容错。一次只能使用一个Slave 接口 , 但是如果该接口出现故障 , 另一个Slave 将 接替它

3  模式 3 ( 广播 ) - 容错。所有封包都通过所有Slave 接口广播

 

3)利用 nmcli 命令管理 bond

 

 

 

 

team接口

1)定义:

team 也是链路聚合的一种方式,最多支持8块网卡

 

2)支持模式:

broadcast广播容错

activebackup主备

roundrobin轮询

loadbalance负载均衡

 

3)配置

  

1 nmcli connection add con-name team0 ifname team0 type team config ‘{"runner":{"name":"activebackup"}}‘ ip4 172.25.254.112/24###添加team0,runner指工作方式,name指工作方式的名称###

2 nmcli connection add con-name eth0 ifname eth0 type team-slave master team0###将eth0添入team0###

3 nmcli connection add con-name eth1 ifname eth1 type team-slave master team0###将eth1添入###

 

 

4)测试:

 

watch -n 1 teamdctl team0 stat###监控team0的变化###

ifconfig eth0 down

ifconfig eth0 up

ifconfig eth1  down###在此期间发现网络一直是通的###

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网桥

1 systemctl stop NetworkManager.service

2  cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

3 vim ifcfg-eth0

 

内容:

DDEVICE=eth0###设备名称###

ONBOOT=yes###开启服务设备自动激活###

BOOTPROTO=none##网卡工作状态###

BRIDGE=br0###网卡开启的网络接口###

 

4 vim ifcfg-br0

 

内容:

 

DEVICE=br0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=172.25.254.112

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

TYPE=Bridge##网络接口类型是桥接

 

5 systemctl restart network

6 systemctl start NetworkManager

 

过程如下:

[root@westos-mail ~]# cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0

 

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[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-br0

 

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[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# systemctl restart network

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# systemctl start NetworkManager

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# ifconfig

br0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 172.25.254.112  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255

        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:4e0a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 52:54:00:00:4e:0a  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 59  bytes 7887 (7.7 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        ether 52:54:00:00:4e:0a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 48  bytes 3826 (3.7 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 1049  bytes 65762 (64.2 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

eth1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        ether 52:54:00:b5:e6:60  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 1091  bytes 69222 (67.5 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 1082  bytes 93888 (91.6 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 1082  bytes 93888 (91.6 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

 

 

 

命令管理方式

 

1 添加:

 

systemctl stop NetworkManager

brctl show                                               ###显示网桥###

brctl addbr br0                                          ###添加网桥br0###

brctl addif br0 eth0                                     ###将eth0添加入br0###

ifconfig eth0 up                                         ###使eth0 up###

ifconfig br0 172.25.254.112 netmask 255.255.255.0        ###临时设定br0的ip###

brctl show

 

 

过程如下:

[root@westos-mail ~]# systemctl stop NetworkManager.service

[root@westos-mail ~]# brctl show

bridge namebridge idSTP enabledinterfaces

[root@westos-mail ~]# brctl addbr br0

[root@westos-mail ~]# brctl show

bridge namebridge idSTP enabledinterfaces

br08000.000000000000no

[root@westos-mail ~]# brctl addif br0 eth0

[root@westos-mail ~]# ifconfig

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536

        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0

        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>

        loop  txqueuelen 0  (Local Loopback)

        RX packets 916  bytes 78872 (77.0 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 916  bytes 78872 (77.0 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

[root@westos-mail ~]# ifconfig eth0 up

[root@westos-mail ~]# ifconfig br0 172.25.254.112 netmask 255.255.255.0

[root@westos-mail ~]# brctl show

bridge namebridge idSTP enabledinterfaces

br08000.525400004e0anoeth0

 

 

测试:

ping 172.25.254.78

 

 

[root@westos-mail ~]# ping 172.25.254.78

PING 172.25.254.78 (172.25.254.78) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 172.25.254.78: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.209 ms

64 bytes from 172.25.254.78: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.137 ms

^C

--- 172.25.254.78 ping statistics ---

2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1000ms

rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.137/0.173/0.209/0.036 ms

[root@westos-mail ~]# 

 

2 删除 :

 

ifconfig br0 down###使br0 down###

brctl delif br0 eth0###将eth0从br0上摘除###

brctl delbr br0###删除br0###

brctl show

 

过程如下:

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# ifconfig br0 down

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# brctl delif br0 eth0

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# brctl delbr br0

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# brctl show

bridge namebridge idSTP enabledinterfaces

 

 

 

ipv6 网络的管理

 

1) 定义:

ipv6全称为Internet Protocol Version 6 ,是IETF(和互联网工程任务组)设计的用于替代现行版本 IP 协议的下一代 IP 协议,IPv6 采用 128 位 2 进制数码表示。

 

 

2) IPv6 表示方式

 

1 为方便操作, ipv6 被换算成 8x16 进制的一串数字

 

2 任意位数的 0 可以用 :: 来表示

例:

 2000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001

 2000::1

 

3)ipv6 的文件设定:

 

1 vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

 

DEVICE=eth0

ONBOOT=yes

BOOTPROTO=none

IPADDR=172.25.254.112

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

IPV6INIT=yes                    ###开启ipv6###

IPV6_AUTOCONF=no                ###不启用ipv6地址的自动配置###

IPV6ADDR=2017::1120/64          ###ipv6的的地址###

 

2 systemctl restart network

 

查看:

 

[root@westos-mail network-scripts]# ifconfig eth0

eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 172.25.254.112  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 172.25.254.255

        inet6 2017::1120  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0<global>

        inet6 fe80::5054:ff:fe00:4e0a  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 52:54:00:00:4e:0a  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 87  bytes 8711 (8.5 KiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 2020  bytes 125940 (122.9 KiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

 

如果要测试能否ping通,ipv6的要用ping6  

例:ping62017::a/64

 

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高级网络配置