postfix+dovecot

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2024-09-25 17:26:02 215人阅读

postfix

1 postfix提供 smtp协议用来投递邮件

默认端口25

mail root@westos.com

Subject: qwe

safsafg

adsf

. ##用“.”结束录入并发送

EOT

mailq ##查看邮件队列

postqueue -f ##重新处理邮件队列

postsuper -d ** ##删除错的邮件

默认情况下邮件端口只在127.0.0.1上开启

2配置

117

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

76 myhostname = westos-mail.westos.com

83 mydomain = westos.com

99 myorigin = westos.com

116 inet_interfaces = all

164 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost

systemctl restart postfix.service

systemctl stop firewalld

217

vim /etc/postfix/main.cf

76 myhostname = qq-mail.qq.com

83 mydomain = qq.com

99 myorigin = qq.com

116 inet_interfaces = all

164 mydestination = $myhostname, $mydomain, localhost

systemctl restart postfix.service

systemctl stop firewalld

3邮件别名

vim /etc/aliases

别名：真名 ##邮件别名

别名：：include：filename ##邮件群发

vim filename

user1

user2

postalias /etc/aliases ##使文件生效

测试

mail 别名

mail admin@qq.com

通过远程主机发邮件

yum install telnet -y

[root@dns-server Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.117 25 ##25 端口

Trying 172.25.254.117...

Connected to 172.25.254.117.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

ehlo hello

250-westos-mail.westos.com

250-PIPELINING

250-SIZE 10240000

250-VRFY

250-ETRN

250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES

250-8BITMIME

250 DSN

mail from:root@westos.com ###邮件发送端

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:root@qq.com ###邮件接守端

250 2.1.5 Ok

data ####数据

354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

adfasdgf

asdfagaa

gadgdfga

agfadfg

250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as C69BD2461FF

502 5.5.2 Error: command not recognized

^Cquit

quit ###退出

Connection closed by foreign host.

测试

217

[root@qq-mail ~]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 5 messages 1 new 4 unread

1 root Sat May 20 03:38 23/736 "sadf"

U 2 root Sat May 20 04:11 22/735 "qw"

U 3 root Sat May 20 04:12 25/868 "wq"

U 4 root Sat May 20 04:27 25/877 "safafaf"

>N 5 root@westos.com Sat May 20 04:37 16/514

& 5

Message 5:

From root@westos.com Sat May 20 04:37:07 2017

Return-Path: <root@westos.com>

X-Original-To: root@qq.com

Delivered-To: root@qq.com

Status: R

adfasdgf

asdfagaa

gadgdfga

agfadfg

& q

Held 5 messages in /var/spool/mail/root

您在 /var/spool/mail/root 中有邮件

> /var/spool/mail/root ##清空邮件

5 邮件客户端的访问控制

117

postconf -e "smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access"

###完成后会在/etc/postfix/main.cf文件最后出现680 smtpd_client_restrictions = check_client_access hash:/etc/postfix/access

vim /etc/postfix/access

477 172.25.254.17 REJECT

postmap /etc/postfix/access ##加密access文件，会在/etc/postfix/生成access.db加密文件真正读的文件是access.db而非access

systemctl restart postfix.service

测试

[root@dns-server Desktop]# telnet 172.25.254.117 25

Trying 172.25.254.117...

Connected to 172.25.254.117.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

mail from:root@westos.com

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:root@qq.com

554 5.7.1 <unknown[172.25.254.17]>: Client host rejected: Access denied ##被拒绝

quit

221 2.0.0 Bye

Connection closed by foreign host.

##限制用户发送

117

systemctl status firewalld

firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon

Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; disabled)

Active: inactive (dead)

systemctl start named

postconf -e "smtpd_sender_restrictions = check_sender_access hash:/etc/postfix/sender"

vim /etc/postfix/sender

student@westos.com REJECT ###REJECT后不能空格，否则格式会出错

postmap /etc/postfix/sender

systemctl restart postfix.service

测试

[root@dns-server 桌面]# telnet 172.25.254.117 25

Trying 172.25.254.117...

Connected to 172.25.254.117.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

mail from:student@westos.com

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:root@westos.com

554 5.7.1 <unknown[172.25.254.17]>: Client host rejected: Access denied

quit

221 2.0.0 Bye

Connection closed by foreign host.

##限制用户接收

117

postconf -e "smtpd_recipient_restrictions = check_recipient_access hash:/etc/postfix/recip"

vim /etc/postfix/recip

westos@westos.com

useradd westos

postmap /etc/postfix/recip

systemctl restart postfix.service

测试

[root@dns-server 桌面]# telnet 172.25.254.117 25

Trying 172.25.254.117...

Connected to 172.25.254.117.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

mail from:westos@westos.com

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:root@westos.com

250 2.1.5 Ok

data

354 End data with <CR><LF>.<CR><LF>

fasf

adsf

250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 6E712EAC27

[root@dns-server 桌面]# telnet 172.25.254.117 25

Trying 172.25.254.117...

Connected to 172.25.254.117.

Escape character is ‘^]‘.

220 westos-mail.westos.com ESMTP Postfix

mail from:root@westos.com

250 2.1.0 Ok

rcpt to:westos@westos.com

554 5.7.1 <unknown[172.25.254.17]>: Client host rejected: Access denied

##出站地址伪装

117

postconf -e "smtp_generic_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/generic"

vim /etc/postfix/generic

westos@westos.com hello@sb.com

postmap /etc/postfix/generic

systemctl restart postfix.service

测试

su - westos

mail root@qq.com

[westos@westos-mail ~]$ mail root@qq.com

Subject: dstttttt

EOT

217

[root@qq-mail ~]# mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/root": 8 messages 1 new 4 unread

1 root Sat May 20 03:38 23/736 "sadf"

U 2 root Sat May 20 04:11 22/735 "qw"

U 3 root Sat May 20 04:12 25/868 "wq"

U 4 root Sat May 20 04:27 25/877 "safafaf"

5 root@westos.com Sat May 20 04:37 17/525

6 westos@westos.com Sat May 20 22:32 22/738 "wef"

7 westos@westos.com Sat May 20 22:35 22/743 "gfagagagtr"

>N 8 hello@sb.com Sat May 20 22:46 21/713 "dstttttt"

##入站地址转换

117

先准备dns mx 记录解析

vim /etc/named.rfc1912.zones

37 zone "sb.com" IN {

38 type master;

39 file "westos.com.zone";

40 allow-update { none; };

41 };

cd /var/named/

cp -p qq.com.zone sb.com.zone

vim sb.com.zone

1 $TTL 1D

2 @ IN SOA dns.sb.com. root.sb.com. (

3 0 ; serial

4 1D ; refresh

5 1H ; retry

6 1W ; expire

7 3H ) ; minimum

8 NS dns.sb.com.

9 dns A 172.25.254.117

10 sb.com. MX 1 172.25.254.117.

systemctl restart named

postconf -e "virtual_alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/virtual"

vim /etc/postfix/virtual

虚拟名字真实用户

hello@sb.com westos@westos.com

postmap /etc/postfix/virtual

systemctl restart postfix.service

测试

mail hello@sb.com

[root@westos-mail named]# mail hello@sb.com

Subject: 444

EOT

[root@westos-mail named]# su - westos

上一次登录：六 5月 20 22:55:33 EDT 2689pxs/0 上

[westos@westos-mail ~]$ mail

Heirloom Mail version 12.5 7/5/10. Type ? for help.

"/var/spool/mail/westos": 1 message 1 new

>N 1 root Sat May 20 22:56 18/552 "444"

& quit

Held 1 message in /var/spool/mail/westos

You have mail in /var/spool/mail/westos

dovecot

dovecot 用来提供收件协议

pop3 110

imap 143

imaps 993

pop3s 995

给定用户名称，密码，dovecot代我们去看这个用户的邮件

217

yum install dovecot -y

yum imstall mutt -y

vim /etc/dovecot/dovecot.conf

24 protocols = imap pop3 lmtp

48 login_trusted_networks =0.0.0.0/0

49 disable_plaintext_auth = no

vim /etc/dovecot/conf.d/10-mail.conf

30 mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u

systemctl restart dovecot

useradd westos

passwd westos

su - westos

[westos@qq-mail ~]$ mkdir mail/.imap/ -p

[westos@qq-mail ~]$ touch mail/.imap/INBOX

测试

[westos@qq-mail ~]$ mail westos

Subject:

124

EOT

mutt -f pop://westos@172.25.254.217

###在root@qq中skel建立目录，文件，所有新用户都有skel中的内容，位置/home/新用户名

[root@qq-mail ~]# mkdir /etc/skel/mail/.imap -p

[root@qq-mail ~]# touch /etc/skel/mail/.imap/INBOX

postfix+dovecot

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postfix+dovecot

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