http://blog.csdn.net/readiay/article/details/50866709

Ubuntu配置和修改IP地址


1、修改配置文件/etc/network/interfaces
root@ubuntu:~# sudo gedit /etc/network/interfaces


添加以下内容：
auto eth0                  #设置自动启动eth0接口
iface eth0 inet static     #配置静态IP
address 192.168.11.88      #IP地址
netmask 255.255.255.0      #子网掩码
gateway 192.168.11.1        #默认网关


2、修改DNS
sudo gedit /etc/resolve.conf
nameserver 8.8.8.8 #当地dns服务器(用ipconfig /all 查看本地dns，第一个dns是默认的，共有2个dns)

在这里修改的dns重启电脑后就消失了，要想永久有效需要进行下面的配置：

sudo vi /etc/resolvconf/resolv.conf.d/base 

在打开的文件中添加

nameserver 202.103.224.68
 nameserver 202.103.225.68

注：#后面的注释信息不要加进去。


3、重启网络，使配置生效
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart


4、查看ip是否配置成功 root@ubuntu:~# ifconfig
eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 00:0c:29:2d:89:40 
          inet addr:192.168.11.88  Bcast:192.168.11.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe2d:8940/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:223 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:253 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:24219 (24.2 KB)  TX bytes:22960 (22.9 KB)
          Interrupt:19 Base address:0×2024


lo        Link encap:Local Loopback 
          inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0
          inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
          UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:16436  Metric:1
          RX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:48 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:3964 (3.9 KB)  TX bytes:3964 (3.9 KB)


root@ubuntu:~#


注：红字加粗“192.168.11.88”跟上面配置的ip一样，表示ip配置成功。

Change default network name (ens33) to old “eth0” on Ubuntu 16.04

Change default network name (ens33) to old “eth0” on Ubuntu 16.04

Just after the Ubuntu 16.04 installation, I came to know that the network interface name got changed to ens33 from old school eth0. If you ever interested in changing interface names to old type ethX, here is the tutorial for you.

As you can see  in the following command, my system is having a network adapter called ens33.

Note: This is just the case of VMware environment, it may vary depends on the hardware but the steps to get back ethX will be the same.

$ ip a

1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:05:a3:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.12.12/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global dynamic ens33
       valid_lft 1683sec preferred_lft 1683sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe05:a3e2/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

From the dmesg command, you can see that the device got renamed during the system boot.

$ dmesg | grep -i eth

[    3.050064] e1000 0000:02:01.0 eth0: (PCI:66MHz:32-bit) 00:0c:29:05:a3:e2
[    3.050074] e1000 0000:02:01.0 eth0: Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Connection
[    3.057410] e1000 0000:02:01.0 ens33: renamed from eth0

To get an ethX back, edit the grub file.

$ sudo nano /etc/default/grub

Look for “GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX”  and add the following”net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0“.

From:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX=""

To:

GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0"

Generate a new grub file using the following command.

$ sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

Generating grub configuration file ...
Warning: Setting GRUB_TIMEOUT to a non-zero value when GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT is set is no longer supported.
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-4.4.0-15-generic
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-4.4.0-15-generic
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.elf
Found memtest86+ image: /memtest86+.bin
done

Edit the interface file and change the network device name so that you will have a static ip address for ethX.

If your network card is DHCP enabled, you can skip the below step

$ sudo nano /etc/network/interfaces

From:

auto ens33
iface ens33 inet static
           address 192.168.12.12
           netmask 255.255.255.0
           dns-nameservers 192.168.12.2
           gateway 192.168.12.2

To:

auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
           address 192.168.12.12
           netmask 255.255.255.0
           dns-nameservers 192.168.12.2
           gateway 192.168.12.2

Reboot your system.

$ sudo reboot

After the system reboot, just check whether you have an ethX back.

$ ip a
1: lo: <loopback,up,lower_up> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <broadcast,multicast,up,lower_up> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:05:a3:e2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.12.12/24 brd 192.168.12.255 scope global eth0
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe05:a3e2/64 scope link
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

That’s All, drop your thoughts in the comments section.

Ubuntu配置和修改IP地址