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Android Paint之PathEffect详解
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在之前讲 Android Paint的使用详解的时候，其中有一个方法setPathEffect(PathEffect effect)没有详细介绍，这篇就结合代码来介绍一下，在之前说过PathEffect共有6个子类ComposePathEffect，CornerPathEffect，DashPathEffect，DiscretePathEffect，PathDashPathEffect，SumPathEffect，这些类代码量都很少，这里先一个个介绍
CornerPathEffect将Path的线段之间的夹角变成圆角。构造函数，其中radius为圆角的半径
/**
* Transforms geometries that are drawn (either STROKE or FILL styles) by
* replacing any sharp angles between line segments into rounded angles of
* the specified radius.
* @param radius Amount to round sharp angles between line segments.
*/
public CornerPathEffect(float radius) {
native_instance = nativeCreate(radius);
}看一下代码
public class PathEffectView extends View {
private Paint mPaint;
private int marging = 82;
private CornerPathEffect mCornerPathEffect[];
private Path mPath[];
public PathEffectView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
mPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mCornerPathEffect = new CornerPathEffect[8];
mPath = new Path[8];
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(i * marging, marging);
path.lineTo(300 + i * marging, 180);
path.lineTo(400 + i * marging, 600);
path.lineTo(200 + i * marging, 1000);
path.lineTo(110 + i * marging, 1200);
mPath[i] = path;
mCornerPathEffect[i] = new CornerPathEffect(i * 10);
}
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
mPaint.setPathEffect(mCornerPathEffect[i]);
canvas.drawPath(mPath[i], mPaint);
}
}
}运行结果为
/**
* The intervals array must contain an even number of entries (>=2), with
* the even indices specifying the "on" intervals, and the odd indices
* specifying the "off" intervals. phase is an offset into the intervals
* array (mod the sum of all of the intervals). The intervals array
* controls the length of the dashes. The paint's strokeWidth controls the
* thickness of the dashes.
* Note: this patheffect only affects drawing with the paint's style is set
* to STROKE or FILL_AND_STROKE. It is ignored if the drawing is done with
* style == FILL.
* @param intervals array of ON and OFF distances
* @param phase offset into the intervals array
*/
public DashPathEffect(float intervals[], float phase) {
if (intervals.length < 2) {
throw new ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException();
}
native_instance = nativeCreate(intervals, phase);
}看一下代码
public class PathEffectView extends View {
private Paint mPaint;
private int marging = 82;
private DashPathEffect mCornerPathEffect[];
private Path mPath[];
public PathEffectView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
mPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mCornerPathEffect = new DashPathEffect[8];
mPath = new Path[8];
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(i * marging, marging);
path.lineTo(300 + i * marging, 180);
path.lineTo(400 + i * marging, 600);
path.lineTo(200 + i * marging, 1000);
path.lineTo(110 + i * marging, 1200);
mPath[i] = path;
mCornerPathEffect[i] = new DashPathEffect(
new float[] { 1, 2, 4, 8 }, 1);
}
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
mPaint.setPathEffect(mCornerPathEffect[i]);
canvas.drawPath(mPath[i], mPaint);
}
}
}运行结果为
这里phase的偏移量是指偏移指定长度的位置开始画，但总长度还是不变，我们改一下再看看
mCornerPathEffect[i] = new DashPathEffect(new float[] { 10, 20, 40,
80 }, i * 10);运行结果
先画长度为10的实线，再画长度为20的虚线，接着画长度为40的实线，最后画长度为80的虚线，看一下起始位置，每次的最开始都不一样，因为每次偏移的都不一样，但总长度是不变的，因为上面的线只是左右平移，长度并没有减少，看到上面的线是越来越短，其实这是一种巧合，因为后面到虚线了，看不到了。通俗一点来说就是，线的开始位置和终止位置都没有改变，线就像一个无限长的绳，偏移量就相当于绳往下（后）拽的距离。我们打印看一下长度就知道了，修改一下
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
mPaint.setPathEffect(mCornerPathEffect[i]);
canvas.drawPath(mPath[i], mPaint);
PathMeasure measure = new PathMeasure(mPath[i], false);
Log.d("wld_________", measure.getLength() + "");
}看一下log，长度都一样，没有变。
DiscretePathEffect切断线段，segmentLength是指定切断的长度，deviation为切断之后线段的偏移量，随机的，小于等于deviation。
/**
* Chop the path into lines of segmentLength, randomly deviating from the
* original path by deviation.
*/
public DiscretePathEffect(float segmentLength, float deviation) {
native_instance = nativeCreate(segmentLength, deviation);
}看一下代码public class PathEffectView extends View {
private Paint mPaint;
private int marging = 82;
private DiscretePathEffect mPathEffect[];
private Path mPath[];
public PathEffectView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mPaint.setColor(Color.BLACK);
mPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mPathEffect = new DiscretePathEffect[8];
mPath = new Path[8];
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
Path path = new Path();
path.moveTo(i * marging, marging);
path.lineTo(300 + i * marging, 180);
path.lineTo(400 + i * marging, 600);
path.lineTo(200 + i * marging, 1000);
path.lineTo(110 + i * marging, 1200);
mPath[i] = path;
mPathEffect[i] = new DiscretePathEffect(10, 3 * i);
}
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
mPaint.setPathEffect(mPathEffect[i]);
canvas.drawPath(mPath[i], mPaint);
}
}
}运行结果
mPathEffect[i] = new DiscretePathEffect(1, 3 * i);
感觉有点像磁铁一样，我们来测量一下他的长度
for (int i = 0; i < mPath.length; i++) {
mPaint.setPathEffect(mPathEffect[i]);
canvas.drawPath(mPath[i], mPaint);
PathMeasure measure = new PathMeasure(mPath[i], false);
Log.d("wld__________", measure.getLength() + "");
}不可思议，每个长度都一样，还和之前测的一样，一点都没变。
public enum Style {
TRANSLATE(0), //!< translate the shape to each position
ROTATE(1), //!< rotate the shape about its center
MORPH(2); //!< transform each point, and turn lines into curves
Style(int value) {
native_style = value;
}
int native_style;
}
/**
* Dash the drawn path by stamping it with the specified shape. This only
* applies to drawings when the paint's style is STROKE or STROKE_AND_FILL.
* If the paint's style is FILL, then this effect is ignored. The paint's
* strokeWidth does not affect the results.
* @param shape The path to stamp along
* @param advance spacing between each stamp of shape
* @param phase amount to offset before the first shape is stamped
* @param style how to transform the shape at each position as it is stamped
*/
public PathDashPathEffect(Path shape, float advance, float phase,
Style style) {
native_instance = nativeCreate(shape.ni(), advance, phase,
style.native_style);
}
private static native long nativeCreate(long native_path, float advance,
float phase, int native_style);
shape是填充的图形，这个图形可以自己绘制，advance是图形之间的间距，phase是path的偏移量，其中有3种style，TRANSLATE是指图形以平移的方式填充path，ROTATE会根据path的旋转而旋转，MORPH和ROTATE差不多，不过有一点就是MORPH会在转角的连接处以平滑的方式连接，下面看一下代码public class PathEffectView extends View {
private Paint mPaint;
private int marging = 82;
private PathEffect mPathEffect1;
private PathEffect mPathEffect2;
private PathEffect mPathEffect3;
private Path mPath;
public PathEffectView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
mPath = new Path();
mPath.moveTo(0, marging);
mPath.lineTo(300, 180);
mPath.lineTo(400, 600);
mPath.lineTo(200, 1000);
mPath.lineTo(800, 1200);
Path p = new Path();
p.addRect(0, 0, 64, 12, Path.Direction.CCW);
mPathEffect1 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 128, 0,
android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH);
mPathEffect2 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 128, 0,
android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.ROTATE);
mPathEffect3 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 128, 0,
android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.TRANSLATE);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
mPaint.setPathEffect(mPathEffect1);
canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
canvas.translate(200, 0);
mPaint.setPathEffect(mPathEffect2);
canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
canvas.translate(200, 0);
mPaint.setPathEffect(mPathEffect3);
canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
}
}看一下运行效果，
mPathEffect1 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 0, 0, android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH); mPathEffect2 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 64, 0, android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH); mPathEffect3 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 228, 0, android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH);看一下运行的结果
第一个是没有间距的，第二个间距等于矩形的宽度，所以正好相当于矩形首尾相连中间没有间隙，最后一个有间隙。再看第三个参数，就是偏移量，这个和第二个参数有关，在1到advance中间时，偏移的距离在逐渐减少，当偏移量等于advance的倍数的时候，偏移的距离为0，当偏移量大于advance的时候，会对他求余。我们看一下代码
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
mPath = new Path();
mPath.moveTo(0, marging);
mPath.lineTo(300, 180);
mPath.lineTo(400, 600);
mPath.lineTo(200, 1000);
mPath.lineTo(800, 1200);
Path p = new Path();
p.addRect(0, 0, 64, 12, Path.Direction.CCW);
mPathEffect1 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 128, 128,
android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawColor(Color.WHITE);
mPaint.setPathEffect(mPathEffect1);
canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
}看一下运行结果
mPathEffect1 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 128, 129, android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH);看一下结果，
我们看到偏移量已经达到最大，其实129和1的结果是一样的，因为129对128求余所得结果也是1，偏移量从1到128逐渐增大时，偏移的距离逐渐减少，且当偏移量为128时则没有偏移。再来改一下代码
mPathEffect1 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 28, 1, android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH);前面已经分析过，当advance大于自定义图形的尺寸时才会出现间隙（这里主要是对MORPH这个style，当style为TRANSLATE时，advance必须大于自定义图形的高时才会出现间隙，这个也很好理解），所以这个就会是一条看不到间隙的path，且有偏移，我们看一下
当把代码在改一下的时候
mPathEffect1 = new PathDashPathEffect(p, 28, 28, android.graphics.PathDashPathEffect.Style.MORPH);会看到没有偏移的，这个截图就不在贴出。如果还是不太明白，也可以看一下下面这个视频PathDashPathEffect视频
ComposePathEffect是一种组合模式，把两种path所具有的特性组合起来，先看一下源码
/**
* Construct a PathEffect whose effect is to apply first the inner effect
* and the the outer pathEffect (e.g. outer(inner(path))).
*/
public ComposePathEffect(PathEffect outerpe, PathEffect innerpe) {
native_instance = nativeCreate(outerpe.native_instance,
innerpe.native_instance);
}
private static native long nativeCreate(long nativeOuterpe,
long nativeInnerpe);他会会首先将innerpe的特性表现出来，然后再增加outerpe的效果，我们看一下代码public class PathEffectView extends View {
private Paint mPaint;
private int marging = 82;
private PathEffect mEffects[];
private Path mPath;
public PathEffectView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
private void init() {
mPaint = new Paint(Paint.ANTI_ALIAS_FLAG);
mPaint.setStyle(Style.STROKE);
mPaint.setStrokeWidth(6);
mPaint.setColor(Color.RED);
mPath = new Path();
mPath.moveTo(0, marging);
mPath.lineTo(300, 180);
mPath.lineTo(400, 600);
mPath.lineTo(200, 1000);
mPath.lineTo(800, 1200);
Path p = new Path();
p.addRect(0, 0, 64, 12, Path.Direction.CCW);
mEffects = new PathEffect[3];
mEffects[0] = new CornerPathEffect(80);
mEffects[1] = new DashPathEffect(new float[] { 20, 10, 5, 10 }, 0);
mEffects[2] = new ComposePathEffect(mEffects[1], mEffects[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
super.onDraw(canvas);
for (int i = 0; i < mEffects.length; i++) {
mPaint.setPathEffect(mEffects[i]);
canvas.drawPath(mPath, mPaint);
canvas.translate(200, 0);
}
}
}在看一下运行结果
第一个是圆角的，第二个是虚线的，所以组合的第三个就是圆角到虚线的。在修改一下代码，调换一下组合的位置，
mEffects[2] = new ComposePathEffect(mEffects[0], mEffects[1]);
看一下运行结果
我们看到组合模式基本上没变，这是因为我们先提取的是第二个图的效果，再提取的是第一个的，所以看不到上面效果，我们在改一下代码
mEffects[1] = new DashPathEffect(new float[] { 200, 10, 5, 10 }, 0);在看一下运行结果
OK，我们再来看最后一种SumPathEffect，他相当于把两种效果分别展示然后再组合在一起。还是用上面的代码简单的修改一下
mEffects[1] = new DashPathEffect(new float[] { 20, 10, 5, 10 }, 0);
mEffects[2] = new SumPathEffect(mEffects[1], mEffects[0]);来看一下运行效果
OK，到目前为止，PathEffect的6种效果全部分析完毕。当然，如果想制作动态的效果，可以在onDraw方法中调用invalidate()方法，然后不停的修改偏移量就行了。
Android Paint之PathEffect详解
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