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linux c string库函数总结
#include<strings.h>
忽略大小比较两个字符是否相当。如果s1>s2返回一个大于0的数。
如果s1 = s2 返回一个0。如果s1<s2返回一个小于0的数。
#int strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
#
#DESCRIPTION
#The strcasecmp() function compares the two strings s1 and s2, ignoring the case of the characters.
#It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found,
#respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than s2.
#The strncasecmp() function is similar, except it only compares the first n characters of s1.
//获取字符c在s中出现的第一个位置,或者是最后一个位置。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <strings.h>
#char *index(const char *s, int c);
#
#DESCRIPTION
#The index() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#
#这个函数返回一个指针,它指向字符c在s中第一次出现的位置。
#
#
#char *rindex(const char *s, int c);
#The rindex() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#
#这个函数返回一个指针,它指向字符c在s中最后一次出现的位置。
#
#
#这两个参数的返回值:
#
#The index() and rindex() functions return a pointer to the matched character or NULL if the character is not found.
#这个index()和rindex()函数。返回一个指向匹配的字符指针,或者是NULL是因为该字符没有被找到。
//字符串拷贝函数。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <string.h>
#
#char *stpcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
#Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
#stpcpy():
# Since glibc 2.10:
#_XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
#Before glibc 2.1
#_GNU_SOURCE
#DESCRIPTION
#The stpcpy() function copies the string pointed to by src (including the terminating null byte (‘\0‘)) to the array pointed to by dest.
#The strings may not overlap, and the destination string dest must be large enough to receive the copy. 。
#
#
#
#
##include <string.h>
#char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src);
#char *strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);
#DESCRIPTION
#The strcat() function appends the src string to the dest string, overwriting the terminating null byte (‘\0‘) at the end of dest,
#and then adds a terminating null byte. The strings may not overlap, and the dest string must have enough space for the result. ‘‘)
#
# 将一个字符数组添加到目标字符数组中。他会给目标字符数组添加一个null作为目标的结束。这个字符也许会重合, 添加目标数组必须有足够的空间。
#
# 这个函数和strncat功能类似,但是strncat有输入缓冲边界检查
和index功能一样。得到某个字符在字符数组中的第一个出现的位置。后者是最后一个出现的位置。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
# #include <string.h>
#
# char *strchr(const char *s, int c);
#
# char *strrchr(const char *s, int c);
#
# #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
# #include <string.h>
# char *strchrnul(const char *s, int c);
#
#DESCRIPTION
#The strchr() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#The strrchr() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#
#//该函数返回一个指针,该指针指向字符c在s中的第一个位置。
#
#//该函数返回一个指针,该指针指向字符c在s中的最后一个位置。
#
#
判断s中有多少个字符没有在accept中出现。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#//返回连续多少个字符不没有在accept中出现。返回这个位置。
# #include <string.h>
# size_t strspn(const char *s, const char *accept);
# size_t strcspn(const char *s, const char *reject);
#
# DESCRIPTION
# The strspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which consists entirely of characters in accept.
#
# The strcspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which consists entirely of characters not in reject.
#
# RETURN VALUE
# The strspn() function returns the number of characters in the initial segment of s which consist only of characters from accept.
#
# The strcspn() function returns the number of characters in the initial segment of s which are not in the string reject.
#
#
#
//使用一个分隔符号,将字符string分割成多个字符。
//调用函数后,返回值指向的是分隔符前面的指针。
//stringngp指向分隔符后面的字符。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#char *strsep(char **stringp, const char *delim);
#include <string.h>
#char *strsep(char **stringp, const char *delim);
#
# Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
# strsep(): _BSD_SOURCE
#
#DESCRIPTION
#If *stringp is NULL, the strsep() function returns NULL and does nothing else. Otherwise, this function finds the first token in the string *stringp,
#
# where tokens are delimited by symbols in the string delim.
#
#This token is terminated by overwriting the delimiter with a null byte (‘\0‘) and *stringp is updated to point past the token.
#
#In case no delimiter was found, the token is taken to be the entire string *stringp, and *stringp is made NULL.
#
#RETURN VALUE
#
#The strsep() function returns a pointer to the token, that is, it returns the original value of *stringp.
#
#
在一个函数中查找子串。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <string.h>
#
# char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
#
# #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
#
# #include <string.h>
#
# char *strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
#
# DESCRIPTION
# The strstr() function finds the first occurrence of the substring needle in the string haystack. The terminating null bytes (‘\0‘) are not compared.‘‘)
//将s复制为到一个malloc的空间,之后返回出来。
char *strdup(const char *s);
//将字符数组中的字符随机交换。
char *strfry(char *string);
查找字符数组s中如何一个字符第一次出现在accpet中的位置。
char *strpbrk(const char *s, const char *accept);
使用delim查找字符数组。
char *strtok(char *s, const char *delim);
//相当与拷贝函数。
size_t strxfrm(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);
忽略大小比较两个字符是否相当。如果s1>s2返回一个大于0的数。
如果s1 = s2 返回一个0。如果s1<s2返回一个小于0的数。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
#int strcasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2);#int strncasecmp(const char *s1, const char *s2, size_t n);
#
#DESCRIPTION
#The strcasecmp() function compares the two strings s1 and s2, ignoring the case of the characters.
#It returns an integer less than, equal to, or greater than zero if s1 is found,
#respectively, to be less than, to match, or be greater than s2.
#The strncasecmp() function is similar, except it only compares the first n characters of s1.
DEMO
/************************************************************************* > File Name: strcmp.c > Author: 沉默羔羊 > Mail: zshh0604@163.com > Created Time: 2014年11月08日 星期六 21时38分59秒 ************************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i = 0; if(argc == 3 ) { i = strcasecmp(argv[1],argv[2]); if(i>0) { printf("argv[1] =%s i = %d\n",argv[1],i); } else if(i<0) { printf("argv[2] = %s\n,i = %d\n",argv[2],i); } else { printf("i = %d\n",i); } } else { perror("args error \n"); exit(1); } exit(0); }
**********************************************************************************************************************************/
//获取字符c在s中出现的第一个位置,或者是最后一个位置。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <strings.h>
#char *index(const char *s, int c);
#
#DESCRIPTION
#The index() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#
#这个函数返回一个指针,它指向字符c在s中第一次出现的位置。
#
#
#char *rindex(const char *s, int c);
#The rindex() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#
#这个函数返回一个指针,它指向字符c在s中最后一次出现的位置。
#
#
#这两个参数的返回值:
#
#The index() and rindex() functions return a pointer to the matched character or NULL if the character is not found.
#这个index()和rindex()函数。返回一个指向匹配的字符指针,或者是NULL是因为该字符没有被找到。
DEMO
/************************************************************************* > File Name: index.c > Author: 沉默羔羊 > Mail: zshh0604@163.com > Created Time: 2014年11月08日 星期六 21时55分18秒 ************************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i = 0; char * c; if(argc == 3 ) { c = index(argv[1],(*argv[2])); fprintf(stdout,"%s\n",c); fflush(NULL); } else { perror("args error \n"); exit(1); } exit(0); }
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
//字符串拷贝函数。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <string.h>
#
#char *stpcpy(char *dest, const char *src);
#Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
#stpcpy():
# Since glibc 2.10:
#_XOPEN_SOURCE >= 700 || _POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
#Before glibc 2.1
#_GNU_SOURCE
#DESCRIPTION
#The stpcpy() function copies the string pointed to by src (including the terminating null byte (‘\0‘)) to the array pointed to by dest.
#The strings may not overlap, and the destination string dest must be large enough to receive the copy. 。
#
#
/************************************************************************* > File Name: stpcpy.c > Author: 沉默羔羊 > Mail: zshh0604@163.com > Created Time: 2014年11月08日 星期六 22时20分54秒 ************************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> int main(void) { char a[200] = "abcde"; char *b = "dddd\n"; stpcpy(a,b); printf("a = %s\n", a); }
//字符数组连接函数。src连接到dest后面
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/#
#
##include <string.h>
#char *strcat(char *dest, const char *src);
#char *strncat(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);
#DESCRIPTION
#The strcat() function appends the src string to the dest string, overwriting the terminating null byte (‘\0‘) at the end of dest,
#and then adds a terminating null byte. The strings may not overlap, and the dest string must have enough space for the result. ‘‘)
#
# 将一个字符数组添加到目标字符数组中。他会给目标字符数组添加一个null作为目标的结束。这个字符也许会重合, 添加目标数组必须有足够的空间。
#
# 这个函数和strncat功能类似,但是strncat有输入缓冲边界检查
和index功能一样。得到某个字符在字符数组中的第一个出现的位置。后者是最后一个出现的位置。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
# #include <string.h>
#
# char *strchr(const char *s, int c);
#
# char *strrchr(const char *s, int c);
#
# #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
# #include <string.h>
# char *strchrnul(const char *s, int c);
#
#DESCRIPTION
#The strchr() function returns a pointer to the first occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#The strrchr() function returns a pointer to the last occurrence of the character c in the string s.
#
#//该函数返回一个指针,该指针指向字符c在s中的第一个位置。
#
#//该函数返回一个指针,该指针指向字符c在s中的最后一个位置。
#
#
/************************************************************************* > File Name: index.c > Author: 沉默羔羊 > Mail: zshh0604@163.com > Created Time: 2014年11月08日 星期六 21时55分18秒 ************************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i = 0; char * c; if(argc == 3 ) { // c = index(argv[1],(*argv[2])); c = strchr(argv[1],(*argv[2])); fprintf(stdout,"%s\n",c); fflush(NULL); } else { perror("args error \n"); exit(1); } exit(0); }
判断s中有多少个字符没有在accept中出现。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#//返回连续多少个字符不没有在accept中出现。返回这个位置。
# #include <string.h>
# size_t strspn(const char *s, const char *accept);
# size_t strcspn(const char *s, const char *reject);
#
# DESCRIPTION
# The strspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which consists entirely of characters in accept.
#
# The strcspn() function calculates the length of the initial segment of s which consists entirely of characters not in reject.
#
# RETURN VALUE
# The strspn() function returns the number of characters in the initial segment of s which consist only of characters from accept.
#
# The strcspn() function returns the number of characters in the initial segment of s which are not in the string reject.
#
#
#
//使用一个分隔符号,将字符string分割成多个字符。
//调用函数后,返回值指向的是分隔符前面的指针。
//stringngp指向分隔符后面的字符。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#char *strsep(char **stringp, const char *delim);
#include <string.h>
#char *strsep(char **stringp, const char *delim);
#
# Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
# strsep(): _BSD_SOURCE
#
#DESCRIPTION
#If *stringp is NULL, the strsep() function returns NULL and does nothing else. Otherwise, this function finds the first token in the string *stringp,
#
# where tokens are delimited by symbols in the string delim.
#
#This token is terminated by overwriting the delimiter with a null byte (‘\0‘) and *stringp is updated to point past the token.
#
#In case no delimiter was found, the token is taken to be the entire string *stringp, and *stringp is made NULL.
#
#RETURN VALUE
#
#The strsep() function returns a pointer to the token, that is, it returns the original value of *stringp.
#
#
/************************************************************************* > File Name: index.c > Author: 沉默羔羊 > Mail: zshh0604@163.com > Created Time: 2014年11月08日 星期六 21时55分18秒 ************************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int i = 0; char * c; if(argc == 3 ) { // c = index(argv[1],(*argv[2])); // c = strchr(argv[1],(*argv[2])); ./a.out name=zshh0604 = // name = zshh0604 c = strsep(&argv[1],argv[2]); fprintf(stdout,"%s\n",c); fprintf(stdout,"%s\n",argv[1]); fflush(NULL); } else { perror("args error \n"); exit(1); } exit(0); }
在一个函数中查找子串。
/**********************************************************************************************************************************/
#include <string.h>
#
# char *strstr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
#
# #define _GNU_SOURCE /* See feature_test_macros(7) */
#
# #include <string.h>
#
# char *strcasestr(const char *haystack, const char *needle);
#
# DESCRIPTION
# The strstr() function finds the first occurrence of the substring needle in the string haystack. The terminating null bytes (‘\0‘) are not compared.‘‘)
/************************************************************************* > File Name: strstr.c > Author: 沉默羔羊 > Mail: zshh0604@163.com > Created Time: 2014年11月08日 星期六 23时18分25秒 ************************************************************************/ #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> int main(void) { char * a = "aaaabbbbb"; char * b = "ab"; char *c = NULL; c = strstr(a,b); printf("c = %s",c); exit(0); }
//将s复制为到一个malloc的空间,之后返回出来。
char *strdup(const char *s);
//将字符数组中的字符随机交换。
char *strfry(char *string);
查找字符数组s中如何一个字符第一次出现在accpet中的位置。
char *strpbrk(const char *s, const char *accept);
使用delim查找字符数组。
char *strtok(char *s, const char *delim);
//相当与拷贝函数。
size_t strxfrm(char *dest, const char *src, size_t n);
linux c string库函数总结
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