字符编码的环境变量配置：

http://jingyan.baidu.com/article/e73e26c0c20f1a24adb6a73e.html

(1).数据库服务器字符集
select * from nls_database_parameters  

 (2).客户端字符集环境
select * from nls_instance_parameters

步骤：
 SQL>conn /as sysdba

   SQL>shutdown immediate;  

   SQL>startup mount

   SQL>ALTER  SYSTEM  ENABLE  RESTRICTED  SESSION;  

   SQL>ALTER  SYSTEM  SET  JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES=0;  

   SQL>ALTER  SYSTEM  SET  AQ_TM_PROCESSES=0;

   SQL>alter database open;  

   SQL>ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET utf8;

   ALTER DATABASE CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK  ERROR at line 1:

   ORA-12712: new character set must be a superset of old character set

 SQL>ALTER DATABASE character set INTERNAL_USE utf8;  

 SQL>select * from v$nls_parameters;  

运行sqlplus 用户登录时的异常：

无法定位程序输入点longjmp于动态链接库orauts.dll上

解决办法：

将 F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\BIN 放到最前面就行了

例如：
F:\app\Administrator\product\11.2.0\dbhome_1\BIN;F:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\BIN;%java_home%\bin;%java_home%\jre\bin;F:\mysql\mysqlserve\bin;%CommonProgramFiles%\Microsoft Shared\Windows Live;C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\iCLS Client\;C:\Program Files\Intel\iCLS ;%SystemRoot%\system32;%SystemRoot%;%SystemRoot%\system32\wbem

oracle 环境变量配置 字符集编码配置